• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2005

A method for sex determination of pigs was examined using polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Sex determining region Y(SRY) gene encoded on Y chromosome plays a key role for primary male development. Zinc finger X-Y(ZFX-ZFY) gene, one of the X-V homology gene group was found on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, We tested for molecular sexing by amplification patterns of SRY and ZF genes. Genomic DNAs from various resources including porcine hairs and semen collected from domestic pig breeds and native pigs was used for PCR assay of each gene. The amplified products for porcine SRY gene were yielded only in males but not in females. On the other hand, two differential patterns were observed in amplification of ZF gene reflecting the chromosomal dimorphism by a length polymorphism between X and Y chromosomes. Of both, a common band was detected in all individuals tested so that this band might be amplified from ZFX gene as a PCR template, but another is specific for males indicated that from ZFY. The result of PCR assay provides identical information to that from investigation of phenotypic genders of the pigs tested. We suggest that this PCR strategy to determine porcine sexes using comparison of the amplification patterns of the SRY gene specific for Y chromosome and the dimorphic ZF gene between X and Y chromosomes may be a rapid and precise method for discrimination of two sexes and applied to DNA analysis of small samples such as embryonic blastomere, semen, and hairs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2003

As an experimental reference population, crosses between Korean native pig and Landraces were established and information on growth traits was recorded. Animals were genotyped for 24 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 2, 6, and 7 for partial-genome scan to identify chromosomal regions that have effects on growth traits. quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects were estimated using interval mapping by the regression method under the line cross models with a test for imprinting effects. For test of presence of QTL, chromosome-wide and single position significance thresholds were estimated by permutation test and normal significance threshold for the imprinting test were derived. For tests against the Mendelian model, additive and dominance coefficients were permuted within individuals. Thresholds (5% chromosome-wide) against the no-QTL model for the analyzed traits ranged from 4.57 to 4.99 for the Mendelian model and from 4.14 to 4.67 for the imprinting model, respectively. Partial-genome scan revealed significant evidence for 4 QTL affecting growth traits, and 2 out of the 4 QTLs were imprinted. This study demonstrated that testing for imprinting should become a standard procedure to unravel the genetic control of multi-factorial traits. The models and tests developed in this study allowed the detection and evaluation of imprinted QTL.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

IGF2 유전자는 최초로 연구된 각인 유전자이고 대부분 포유동물의 부계로부터 유전되는 각인 유전자이다. 근육성장과 지방축적에 연관된 경제 형질좌위가 2번 염색체에 위치하여 있다고 보고되었는데, IGF2-in3-G3072A가 원인 유전자변이라고 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 IGF2 유전자의 Intron7번의 세 개의 SNP (IGF2-in7-G162C, IGF2-in7-C179G, IGF2-in7-G186T)는 IGF2-in3-G3072A와 품종 별 연관불균형으로 완전 연쇄되어 있는 것을 보고 하였다. Real-time quantitative PCR 실험 결과에서 부모세대가 부계가 IGF2-in3-3072A를 가진 요크셔품종 수퇘지가 IGF2-in3-3072G를 가진 한국재래 암퇘지와 교배하여 생산한 자손(Y그룹)과 IGF2-in3-3072G 유전자형의 한국재래품종 수퇘지와 IGF2-in3-3072A를 가진 요크셔 암퇘지와 교배하여 생산된 자손(K그룹)에서 보다 등지방 조직에서의 IGF2 유전자 발현양이 낮았다. 하지만 근육조직에서는 요크셔품종의 유전자형이 IGF2-in3-3072A를 부계로 하고 IGF2-in3-3072G를 한국재래돼지품종모계로 할 때 IGF2 유전자 발현양이 높은 결과를 보였다. 이러한 연구에서 IGF2 유전자의 근육과 지방조직에서의 발현양은 부계의 유전자형에 의해 결정되며, 한국재래돼지의 높은 체지방 축적과 낮은 성장률에 관련된 특성이 IGF2 유전자 유전자형에 의해 영향을 받는다는 유전적인 근거를 제공함으로써 한국재래돼지를 상업적으로 이용하는데 있어서 IGF2 유전자를 이용할 수 있는 분자유전학적 근거를 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2017

Objective: Previously, we reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting backfat thickness (BFT) traits on pig chromosome 5 (SW1482-SW963) in an F2 intercross population between Landrace and Korean native pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) as a positional candidate gene underlying the QTL affecting BFT traits. Methods: Genotype and phenotype analyses were performed using the 1,105 $F_2$ progeny. A mixed-effect linear model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the BFT traits in the $F_2$ intercross population. Results: Highly significant associations of two informative SNPs (c.2442 T>C, c.3316 C>G [R1106G]) in GRIP1 with BFT traits were detected. In addition, the two SNPs were used to construct haplotypes that were also highly associated with the BFT traits. Conclusion: The SNPs and haplotypes of the GRIP1 gene determined in this study can contribute to understand the genetic structure of BFT traits in pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1612-1617
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• 2007

In this study, we have compared the skeletal muscle proteome at various stages of porcine postnatal development. Korean native pigs were divided into five postnatal stages of 30, 70, 130, 170 and 300 d and their loin muscles were analyzed for muscle proteome by using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We found 5 proteins showing a consistent pattern during skeletal muscle growth. Four proteins were identified as myosin light chain 1 slow-twitch (MLC1sa) isoform, troponin T, triosephosphate isomerase (TIP) and DJ-1 protein. The remaining protein was not identified. Two muscle fiber proteins of MLC1sa isoform and troponin T showed a high expression level at an early postnatal stage and then their levels were decreased markedly during growth stages. On the other hand, the expression of TIP and DJ-1 protein, which are well known as catalysis enzyme and antioxidant-related protein, respectively, were linearly increased during growth stages. Thus, the stage-related muscle proteins may be useful as parameters for understanding the developmental characteristics of biochemical and physiological properties in Korean native pig skeletal muscle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.2012-2022
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• 2021

Objective: In most retail centers, primal pork cuts for sale are usually prepared into retail-ready slices and overwrapped with air-permeable plastic film. Also, meat of Korean native black pig (KNP) is reputed for its superior quality, however, its shelf life during retail display has not been studied. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate shelf life of prepackaged retail-ready KNP belly and shoulder butt slices during refrigerated display. Methods: Bellies and shoulder butt obtained at 24 h post-mortem from finishing KNP were used. Each belly or shoulder butt was manually cut into 1.5 cm-thick slices. The slices in each cut type were randomly taken and placed on white foam tray (2 slices/tray) overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film. The retail-ready packages were then placed in a retail display cabinet at 4℃. Shelf life and sensory quality of the samples were evaluated on day 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 of display. Results: The shoulder butt reached the upper limit (20 mg/100 g) of volatile basic nitrogen for fresh meat after 9 days while, the belly remained within this limit throughout the display time (15 days). Both the cuts reached a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level of above 0.5 mg malondialdehyde/kg after 9 days. The a^* (redness) values remained unchanged during first 9 days in both cuts (p>0.05). After 9 days, off-flavor was not found in either cut, but higher off-flavor intensity was found in shoulder butt after 12 days. The shoulder butt was unacceptable for overall eating quality after 12 days while, belly still was acceptable after 12 days. Conclusion: The belly showed a longer shelf life compared to the shoulder butt, and a shelf life of 9 and 12 days is recommended for the prepackaged retail-ready KNP shoulder butt and belly slices, respectively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2004

멸종위험이 큰 우리나라 재래돼지를 유전자원으로서 안전하게 보존하고 유전적 다양성을 유지하기 위한 수단으로 수정란을 채취하여 동결보존하기 위해서 미경산 재래돼지에서 과배란 유기를 위한 적정 호르몬의 수준과 수정란의 회수 및 동결보존 방법을 확립하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. hCG 500IU와 PMSG를 500, 750, 1,000IU 및 hCG 750IU와 PMSG 1,000IU를 각각 투여한 재래돼지의 배란황체와 미배란난포의 수는 각각 12.4, 13.6, 30.0 및 23.3개로 PMSG 1,000IU와 hCG 500IU를 투여한 재래돼지가 다른 용량의 처리돼지보다 난소반응이 양호하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 배란황체수에 대한 수정란 회수율은 59.4-79.2％ 수준이었다. 2. 과배란처리된 공란돈에서 수정후 4일에 회수된 수정란의 발육단계는 상실기의 수정란이 수정후 5일보다 유의적으로 많이 회수되었으며(P<0.01), 수정후 5일에 회수된 배 반포기의 수정란을 수정후 4일보다 유의적으로 많이 회수되었다(P<0.05). 3. 확장배반포기 수정란을 1.4M glycerol의 항동 해제를 이용하여 관행의 완만동결법으로 동결한 처리에서 생존율은 25.3％였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1524-1528
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• 2005

Molecular genetic markers were used to detect chromosomal regions which contain economically important traits such as growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in pigs. A three generation resource population was constructed from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows. A total of 240 F2 animals from intercross of F1 was produced. Phenotypic data on 17 traits, birth weight, body weights at 3, 5, 12, and 30 weeks of age, teat number, carcass weight, backfat thickness, body fat, backbone number, muscle pH, meat color, drip loss, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force, and intramuscular fat content were collected for F2 animals. Animals including grandparents (F0), parents (F1), and offspring (F2) were genotyped for 80 microsatellite markers covering from chromosome 1 to 10. Least squares regression interval mapping was used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification. Significance thresholds were determined by permutation tests. A total of 10 QTL were detected at 5% chromosome-wide significance levels for growth traits on SSCs 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1374-1378
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• 2013

Based on a quantitative traits locus (QTL) study using a $F_2$ intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs, a significant QTL affecting teat numbers in SSC7 was identified. The strong positional candidate gene, TBC1D21, was selected due to its biological function for epithelial mesenchymal cell development. Sequence analysis revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBC1D21 gene. Among these, two SNP markers, one silent mutation (SNP01) for g.13,050A>G and one missense mutation (SNP04) for c.829A>T (S277C), were genotyped and they showed significant associations with teat number traits (p value = 6.38E-05 for SNP01 and p value = 1.06E-07 for SNP04 with total teat numbers). Further functional validation of these SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the teat number variation in pigs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1992

돼지(n=22) 순환혈액내 단핵세포(PB-MNCs)중 T 및 B 림프구를 정량하고자 rosette 형성기법을 적용하였다. T 림프구는 여러 농도의 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide(Aet)나 dextran(Dex) 용액 또는 Aet와 Dex로 조합 처리된 면양(SRBC) 및 재래산양(GRBC)의 적혈구를 사용한 E-rosette 법으로, B 림프구는 erythrocyeantibody(EA) 및 erythrocyte-antibody-complement(EAC) rosette 법으로 각각 정량하였다. 한편 rosette 형성세포의 냉장정치시간에 따른 판독결과를 비교하여 적정판독시간대를 구명한 바 아래의 결과를 얻었다. 1. PB-MNCs와 SRBC/GRBC와의 자연 rosette형성을(RFR)은$ 32.9{\pm}7.9%/31.3{\pm}9.4%$인데 비하여 Aet 또는 Dex 처리군에서는 모두 증가되었고 특히 0.15M Aet$(40.2{\pm}4.6%/37.0{\pm}3.3%)$ 및 8% Dex$(71.5{\pm}4.5%/69.9{\pm}5.8%)$ 처리군에서 각각 높게 나타났다. 한편 0.1M Aet처리후 8% Dex 첨가군에서는 $67.8{\pm}7.4%$ 및 $69.8{\pm}8.5%$로 나타나 복잡한 Aet와 Dex를 복합처리하기 보다는 8% Dex 단독처리가 간편함을 알 수 있었다. 2. Rosette 형성세포의 냉장보관중 최적판독시간대는 10~20시간의 범위이었다. 3. EA 및 EAC의 RFR은 SRBC의 경우 $39.1{\pm}10.2%$, $27.6{\pm}7.0%$, GRBC의 경우 $32.6{\pm}6.1%$, $21.0{\pm}3.2%$로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 돼지 PB-MNCs내의 T 및 B 림프구를 rosette 형성법으로 분리할 수 있으며 rosette assay에서 SRBC 뿐아니라 GRBC의 이용이 가능함을 제시한다.