• 대한의료기공학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 2004

Qi. in ancient east Asian Philosophy and medicine, was the quintessential concept symbolizing material orgin of the world. It was considered as the original matter of the world, and the genesis, development and extinction of everything in heaven and earth was explained through the movement of Qi. Despite its importance, the interpretation of Qi has brought about various bifurcations in the history of Oriental medicine. It is comprehended either as ideal concept, or as actual entity. Also, there exists synthetic idea of considering both sides of Qi. These ideas results from obscure understanding based on textual interpretation apart from actual experince. When experincing Qi through discipline, however, man can understand Qi concretly and actually and even grasp the explanation of the cosmos and life. One problem of Qi discipline was that it couldn't ascend the stage of subjective experience. Now, with the method of 'Hanalmomjit'. a developed form of zifadonggong(自發動功), I could reach coherent results to offer the foundation of objective understanding of Qi. The testees, disciples of Hanalmomjit, could express the characters of herbs in their Qigong actions, and the expression was meaningful and coherent to be considered as expressing the effects described in the classics of herbalogy. This result comes from the capacity of grasping external Qi-status, not only expressing the internal communication of jingluo(經絡) in Hanalmomjit.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2007

지진하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 접합부의 거동은 전단과 부착 메커니즘에 의해 결정된다. 하지만 전단과 부착은 반복하중에 매우 취약하기 때문에 접합부는 항상 탄성 영역 내에 있어야 한다. 내진 설계 기준에서는 보에 소성힌지를 발생시켜 기둥과 접합부는 탄성 상태를 유지하면서 보에서 에너지소산이 이루어지도록 하는 것을 원칙으로 한다. 하지만 접합부와 인접한 보에 소성힌지가 발생할 경우, 보에서 발생한 소성힌지에서의 철근 변형률이 접합부 철근의 변형에 영향을 미쳐 결국 접합부의 전단 및 부착강도를 떨어뜨리는 결과를 가져오게 된다. 본 논문에서는 보 인장 철근량을 변수로 한 다섯 개의 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부를 제작하고 보에 소성힌지를 발생시킨 후 그 결과를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 보 인장철근량이 적을수록 접합부의 연성은 증가하였다. 또한 소성힌지 영역의 철근이 항복함에 따라 접합부의 연성률이 증가하고 접합부의 보 부재축 방향 인장변형률도 증가하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 1998

과학적 소양에는 과학의 본성에 대한 적절한 이해를 합의한다. 그러나 학생들의 과학의 본성 개념에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인에 대해서 알려진 것이 별로 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 과학교사들의 과학철학적 관점이 그들이 가르치는 학생들의 과학의 본성 개념에 직접적으로 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가정에 대한 타당성을 검토하는 이다. 본 연구에서 과학교사와 학생의 과학관을 비교하였을 때, 과학교사틀의 과학의 관점이 학생들의 과학의 본성 개념에 영향을 줄 것이라는 연구 가설은 기각되었다. 즉, 본 연구의 자료에 의하면, 교사들의 과학의 관점과 학생들의 과학의 본성 개념 사이에 아무런 유관 관계가 없었다. 이는 과학의 본성이 학생들의 요구나 교육과정 목표로써 고려되거나 교육되지 않는데 따른 귀결이다. 이 연구 결과는 중등 과학교육에서 더 한층 과학의 본성 개념 함양의 필요성을 제기하는 것이다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2017

We analyze the time data recorded in Korean astronomical almanacs for the years from 1913 to 1945, which belong to the period in which Japan occupied Korea (1910-1945). These almanacs, published by Japanese scholars, differ from previous almanacs in terms of organization, content, and calendrical methods. In this study, we first extract twelve kinds of time data from the almanacs at the following times: solar terms, rising and setting of the Sun and Moon, transit of the Sun, phases of the Moon (i.e., new Moon, first quarter Moon, full Moon, and last quarter Moon), and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Then, we compare the time data with that obtained from modern calculations. Even though all time data in the almanacs are tabulated in units of minutes, we calculate the data in units of seconds and determine the root mean square (RMS) deviation values for each kind of time data to estimate the accuracy of the data. Our findings are as follows: First, the kind and tabulation method of time data changes several times. For instance, solar transit time is listed only for six years from 1937 to 1942. Second, the times of two equinoxes and those of a new Moon are considerably close to midnight. Third, there are some typographical errors in the almanacs, particularly in the times of moonrise and moonset. Fourth, the contact times for lunar eclipses represent the times of the umbra and not of the penumbra, which is different from the times for solar eclipses. Finally, the RMS deviation values are approximately 0.5 min on average in all kinds of time data, even though they show slightly large differences in the times related to the Moon. In conclusion, we believe that this study is useful for investigating the time data in the almanacs of other East Asian countries that were published during the same period, such as China, Japan, and Manchuria.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.207-232
• /
• 2005

This study is for an example of arbitration of a dining out franchise company in Korea and franchise system currently is expanding and developing to international trade. The main reason for that is franchising has some benefits compared to the existing trades. Korean dining-out industry has largely developed for the past 20 years, but there are little world-class company of the industry, because dining-out industry should go for qualitative as well as quantitative growth at the same time. Korean dining-out industry has adopted licensing and joint-venture among growth strategies, but the franchise system among them seems to have taken its place as a representative strategy for management to develop dining-out industry. The history of Korean dining-out franchise industry is very short and it is true that we have no a management philosophy of accompanying growth with franchise due to a short experiences and recognition of top management or managers and short-term strategy for branch expansion. For a brilliant growth of dining-out franchise industry, to settle disputes through arbitration, in case of disputes taking place, is very important, because the franchise industry is a frequent-trading sector, requires expert-level knowledge, favors a closed examination and also needs a fast solution. As the franchise industry has been sharply growing around the world, there is more possibility of disputes, and various and complicated laws of the industry are related to disputes as well, so much more expert-level knowledge is required to solve disputes. Therefore, affiliated headquarters hope a disclosed settlement of their disputes and their any disputes should be fast settled for the benefits of affiliated members.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 중등학생들의 과학의 본성 개념을 측정하는 도구를 개발하고 예비 투입을 하는 것이다. 이 조사 도구는 넓은 영역의 과학철학적 주제를 담은 24개의 선다형 문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 이 도구의 진술문과 선택지는 다양한 과학철학적 관점을 분석하여 만들어졌다. 이 도구 속의 주된 과학철학적 체계는 귀납주의, 반증주의, 그리고 상대주의이다. 이를 구분할 하위주제는 구획의 기준, 과학적 변화 양상, 과학적 지식의 인식론적 지위, 그리고 과학적 방법이다. 또한 본 연구자들은 과학의 본성에 관련한 넓은 주제에 대한 학생들의 개념을 측정하고 해석하는 새로운 방법을 제안하고 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.221-231
• /
• 1998

본 연구에서는 중학교 과학교사들이 일련의 "카드 놀이" 활동을 통해 자신의 과학철학적 관점을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 피험자는 1997년 경상남도 중학교 실험연수에 참여한 156명의 과학교사들이며, 3시간에 걸쳐 활동을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 피험자들은 전공, 성별, 또는 경력에 관계없이 귀납주의적 견해가 강하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 합의 형성 과정을 통해서 중도적 견해를 도출하기 보다, (a) 구획의 기준과 (b) 과학의 변화 양상은 극단적인 귀납주의로 회귀하였으며, (c) 과학적 지식의 인식론적 지위는 상대주의로, (d) 과학적 방법은 반증주의로 각각 회귀하였다.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2020

We report a calendar sheet for the 31st year of the reign of King Gojong (1894) (hereafter, calendar sheet 1894) in Korea, which calendrical data in a single page. This calendar sheet 1894 is composed of 14 rows by 14 columns (about 190 cells), and various calendrical data are recorded such as the sexagenary circle of the first day in each month, 24 solar terms, full moon day. In this paper, we compare calendrical data of 1894 calendar sheet with those of the almanac based on the Shixian calendar (hereafter, annual almanac) of the same year. Our findings are as follows. First, we find that the year is expressed using the reign-year of the king of the Joseon dynasty differently from using the reign-style of China in the annual almanac those times. Other calendar days of this calendar sheet are the same as those of the annual almanac in term of lunar dates, 24 solar terms, sexagenary days and so forth. Second, we find that the calendar sheet 1894 contains memorial days for 64 lineally ancestors of the Joseon royal family. These royal memorial days appears in the annual almanac two years later (i.e., 1896). Third, as the most distinctive feature, we find that the symbol of 工 kept every two cells. It was found that the cells can be filled with three days as the maximum number of days and then are labelled the same symbol 工 every second cell. This feature allows us to get the first year in which this kind of calendar sheet was published. It is conjectured one of 11 years, such as 1845, 1846, 1847, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879 or 1880. We also think that the format of the calendar sheet 1894 has influenced on the Daehan-Minryeok (Korean civil calendar sheet) of 1920.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the view of disease and the view of body in Zubi Shiyi Mai Jiujing. Methods : With Zubi Shiyi Mai Juijing which was excavated from Mawangdui Han Dynasty tomb, we compared this document to other three documents excavated from Mawangdui. Results : 1. Zubi Shiyi Mai Jiujing is the oldest document about meridian pulse system excavated. 2. Zubi Shiyi Mai Jiujing sorted disease to Yang bing and san Yin bing. Yang bing is Zu san yang mai's disease and San yin bing is Zu san yin mai's disease. Zu san yang mai's diseases are mostly pain and swelling. 3. Zu san yin mai's diseases are zu shao yin mai which is realated to pulsation and respiration, Zu tai yin mai which is realated to stomach and digestion, Zu jue yin mai which is related to excretion. 4. The most important symptom in Zubi Shiyi Maizu san yin mai is Fan xin. It is realated to Zubi Shiyi Mai thinking Zu shao yin mai important about concept of body. Because in Zubi Shiyi MaiZu tai yin mai and Zu jue yin mai does'nt come up to abdominal cavity so Zu shao yin mai is the only meridian which comes into body cavity. Conclusions : Zu san yin mai is related to heart and fan xin by Zu shao yin mai. In this perspective Zu shao yin mai is important in view of body of Zubi Shiyi Mai Jiujing.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 2017

Evaluating the performance of R&D Activity is complicated because it is hard to quantify the R&D results unlike the traditional manufacturing or service industries. Recently, to overcome this, process-focused evaluation methods applying the philosophy of quality into R&D environment have been introduced. However, these quality activities are mainly conducted without feedback system after the evaluation work is done. The aim of this study is to present a R&D quality diagnosis framework to obtain the improvement opportunities from R&D process perspective. The research is designed as follows : First, R&D standard process and R&D quality elements are derived from a literature review. Second, the diagnosis objects are obtained by investigating the R&D quality elements at each R&D steps. Third, a two-dimensional diagnosis model, which enables the objective measurement of the 'system compatibility' and 'accomplish level', is presented. The proposed method can provide an effective way to find opportunities for efficient quality improvement of R&D process.