• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2003

Delay testing has become an area of focus in the field of digital circuits as the speed and density of circuits have greatly improved. This paper proposes a new scan flip-flop and test algorithm to overcome some of the problems in delay testing. In the proposed test algorithm, the second test pattern is generated by scan justification, and the first test pattern is processed by functional justification. In the conventional functional justification, it is hard to generate the proper second test pattern because it uses a combinational circuit for the pattern. The proposed scan justification has the advantage of easily generating the second test pattern by direct justification from the scan. To implement our scheme, we devised a new scan in which the slave latch is bypassed by an additional latch to allow the slave to hold its state while a new pattern is scanned in. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that the number of testable paths can be increased by about 45 % over the conventional functional justification.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

This paper investigates the significance and the implication of the pointer scheme, which was recently adapted by CCITT as a standard synchronization method in the broadband network-node interface environment, and discusses the merits of the pointer scheme in comparison with the conventional positive justification method. It also analyzes the jitter performance of the communication system employing the pointer scheme based on the fact that the pointer scheme corresponds to a multiple-bit positive/zero/negative justification.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Current interest in mathematics learning that focuses on understanding, mathematical reasoning and meaning making underscores the need to develop ways of analyzing classrooms that foster these types of learning. In this paper, the author show that the constructs of social and socio-mathematical norms, which grew out of taking a symbolic interactionist perspective, and Toulmins scheme for argumentation, as elaborated for mathematics education by Krummheuer [The ethnology of argumentation. In: The emergence of mathematical meaning: Interaction in classroom cultures (1995, pp. 229-269). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum], provide us with means to analyze aspects of explanation, justification and argumentation in mathematics classrooms, including means through which they can be fostered. Examples from a variety of classrooms are used to clarify how these notions can inform instruction at all levels, from the elementary grades through university-level mathematics.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Current interest in mathematics learning that focuses on understanding, mathematical reasoning and meaning making underscores the need to develop ways of analyzing classrooms that foster these types of learning. In this paper, I show that the constructs of social and sociomathematical norms, which grew out of taking a symbolic interactionist perspective, and Toulmins scheme for argumentation as elaborated for mathematics education by Krummheuer, provide us with means to analyze aspects of explanation justification and argumentation in mathematics classrooms, including means through which they can be fostered. Examples from a variety of classrooms are used to clarify how these notions can inform instruction at all levels, from the elementary grades through university-level mathematics.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2004

Current interest in mathematics learning that focuses on understanding, mathematical reasoning and meaning making underscores the need to develop ways of analyzing classrooms that foster these types of learning. In this paper, I show that the constructs of social and sociomathematical norms, which grew out of taking a symbolic interactionist perspective, and Toulmin's scheme for argumentation, as elaborated for mathematics education by Kummheuer, provide us with means to analyze aspects of explanation, justification and argumentation in mathematics classrooms, including means through which they can be fostered. Examples from a variety of classrooms are used to clarify how these notions can inform instruction at all levels, from the elementary grades through university-level mathematics.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2011

국내 철도화물의 경쟁력 제고를 위해 정부는 2010년 7월부터 모달쉬프트 보조금제도를 도입하고 도로 운송에서 철도로 전환시 발생하는 추가비용을 지원하고 있으나, 아직 제도시행 초기단계로서 제도의 보완 및 개선 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 유럽연합, 영국, 일본 등 오랜 기간 모달쉬프트 보조금제도를 운용해온 사례의 검토를 통하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 국내 철도 전환보조금 지원방향을 보조금효과 극대화 측면, 기존철도물량의 지속적 확보 측면, 지원의 정당성확보 측면에서 제시하고, 현 보조금제도의 발전방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 중학생들이 유전과 관련된 과학적 현상에 대한 설명 글쓰기에서 드러나는 개념 성취 수준을 살펴보고, 과학적 현상을 설명하기 위해 어떠한 논변 구조와 정당화 방식을 사용하는지, 과학적 지식을 적절하게 정당화에 이용하고 있는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울시 소재 중학교 3학년 학생들 162명이 '유전과 진화'를 학습한 후에 크기와 모양이 같은 초록색 피망과 빨간색 피망이 같은 종류인지 다른 종류인지 다른 주장을 하는 경쟁 논변 중 하나를 선택하여 그 이유를 설명하도록 하였다. 연구 결과, 개념 성취 개념 성취 수준에서 전체 응답자(162명) 중 47%(77명)는 정답을, 53%(85명)는 오답을 제시하였다. 논변 수준을 살펴보면, 정답 학생들은 자료를 주장이나 결론에 연결하여 논거를 제시하는 수준인 수준 3(Constructing warrant)이 오답 학생들은 주장과 자료를 논리적으로 연결하지 않고 증거만 제시하는 수준인 수준 2(Providing evidence)가 가장 많았다. 정당화를 하면서 과학 지식(Scientific idea)의 사용을 학생들의 조사한 결과, 인과적 설명의 질을 결정할 수 있는 요소로 과학 지식을 사용한 학생 중 36%가 옳은 과학 지식(Correct scientific knowledge)을 사용하였으나, 나머지 학생들은 옳지 않은 과학 지식이나 특정되지 않은 과학 지식을 사용하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과들은 인식적 실행인 과학적 현상을 설명하는 논변적 글쓰기를 장려하기 위해서 논변의 구조에 대한 영역 일반적인 지식의 교수 실행을 통해 관련된 특정 과학 지식을 적용하여 자신의 생각을 증거와 주장을 잘 연결할 수 있도록 훈련하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 강조한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.291-318
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• 2002

We investigated on the primary school children's abilities of formal reasoning. Seventy students in grade 5 participated in the study. They responsed their best reactions on the problems constituted of three parts requiring the informal or formal reasoning and generalization. Their reactions are classified by some criteria depending the level of reasoning. About 10 students showed that they constructed a kind of scheme for solving the problems, similar to formal reasoning and beyond naive informal reasoning. And about 30 students did so partially. We concluded that the teaching and learning of reasoning by the progressive increasing the degree of rigor from grade 5 is possible.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.771-774
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• 1999

This paper presents a new timing structure for real time communications and its performance analysis. The cycle time consists of several "one time slot" which may be an interval defined by a synchronous traffic part followed by an asynchronous traffic part. If a station receives a token within a synchronous interval, it transmits its synchronous message if any, otherwise it may transmit an asynchronous message. This scheme is different from usual allocation schemes which divide one cycle into alternating synchronous and asynchronous subslots. This protocol is designed to prevent low priority messages from delaying too much due to lots of high priority messages. We propose the algorithm and show its justification by simulation.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2007

A point based speed enforcement system(SES) has been widely used in roadways to reduce the operating speeds and potential traffic accidents. Recently, the needs for introudcing new SES using point-to-point speed measurement was presented, however, no practical guidelines or justification of the system was available. This study investigated the effectiveness of the current SES and introduction of the new SES through user interview survey method. Survey results showed that 33% of respondents were unsatisfactory to the current way of SES operation, which was 11% higher than satisfactory respondents, and about 70% of the respondents supported the introduction of point-to-point based SES operation. A majority of respondents preferred the straight roadway segment, bridge and tunnel, and curved roadway segment for a start application site with the segment length of 1-5 km long. Using these survey results, an introduction scheme was discussed in terms of legal bases, installation criteria, and operational guidelines.