• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1998

This study investigated the effect of systematicity and presentation type of an analog upon students' concept recall and application regarding stoichiometry that included limiting reagent. Systematicity was manipulated by varing the degree of explicit causal structure, and presentation type was in either verbal format or verbal/figurative format. The four types of the analog developed were studied by randomly assigned junior high school students (N=137). Prior to the treatment, the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking was administered and its score was used as a covariate. After the treatment, a research-made conception test was administered immediately and four weeks later. The ANCOVA results indicated that systematicity had a positive effect on immediate application regardless of presentation type. In the application problem of retention test, however, systematicity had no main effect but interaction with presentation type. These suggested that the systematic analog in verbal/figurative format most positively influence concept application. Educational implications are discussed.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

A study on a buoyancy effect by the temperature difference between a inner room air and a inflowing cool air and also by Inlet velocity can contribute greatly to enhance performance of air conditioning system, so the study on the distribution characteristics of inflowed cool air is important to analyze the cool air storage in a room. For this study, in the real-sized model room, the temperature differences between inflowing cool air and inner room air are 10, 20, $30^{\circ}C$, and the inlet velocities of inflowing cool air are 1, 2, 3m/s respectively as dynamic parameters. Also, a anemos and a vane type diffuser are used as inlet geometric conditions. Following conclusions have been obtained through this study. 1) In case of the anemos type diffuser, it is found that a dimensionless temperature profile is low and the distribution of the inflowed cool air is uniform. and also, all diffuusers have a low temperature of the inner room as increasing the inlet velocity. 2) A mixing takes place rapidly in case of the anemos type diffuser when the temperature difference is low ${\Delta}T=10^{\circ}C$ and the inletvelocity is high V=3m/s. and the mixing degree is higher with the anemos type diffuser than the vane.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-396
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

This study investigated the influence of weight perception on weight management strategies including diet and exercise in Korean female adolescents. Junior (J) and senior (S) high school girls were divided in two groups; those who had $\leq$100% (BI) and > 100% (AI) of ideal weight (J-BI, n=376, 14.8 yr, 46.1 kg; J-AI, 11=128, 15.0 yr, 57.4 kg; S-BI, n=325, 17.4 yr, 50.1 kg; and S-AI, n=133, 17.5 yr, 58.2 kg, mean values). Questionnaires to assess weight perception, desire to lose weight, body image, eating behavior, weight control strategies and physical activity (PPA) were administered J-AI(9.4 kg) and S-AI(9.8 kg) desired to lose weight more than J-BI(2.5 kg) and S-BI(3.6 kg), respectively (p < 0.001). 85% of J-AI and 93% of S-AI perceived their weight being above average and 23% of J-BI and 34% of S-BI responded similarly (p < 0.001). Body dissatisfaction index (BDI) and eating attitude (EAT26) scores were lower in J-BI(9.7, 12.0) vs. J-AI(16.4, 14.7) and S-BI(12.4, 12.4) vs. S-AI(19.5, 15.4) (p < 0.001). However, PPA was not different for J-BI vs. J-AI, and S-BI vs. S-AL Only 17, 18, 9, and 15% of J.BI, J.AI, S-BI, and S-AI, respectively, exercised regularly. PPA and BDI were only slightly correlated in J-BI(r=0.194, p < 0.005) and S-BI(r=0.220, p < 0.005). Even that the majority of Korean female adolescents perceived they were heavy and desired to lose weight, appropriate exercise and physical activities were not practiced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2013

Teaching and learning through games which arouses interest in learning not only lessens a burden of a learner but also labors for Academic Achievement. and for the sake of enhancing convergence of thinking and problem solving abilities as well as raising interest and understanding in science and technology, Steam teaching which is mainly made of research and experimental activities is emphasized on. This paper which makes use of crayon physics has developed Steam program it was mainly applied to science for the first year of junior high school [strength and motion] which for learners of each team is made of four steps eight time in total. At each step learners can understand principle of strength and motion, especially at the step of finding principle of science through games can personally solve the game in cooperation with the leaners of a team and find principle of strength and motion which is to be applied to solving the game. By personally designing and making new games learners can enhance the ability of convergence of thinking. It is expected that the program developed in this paper can enhance imaginativeness of thinking and interest in science which lead to affirmative changes.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.50-64
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• 2008

The final goal of this study is to develop the in-service program of engineering education for professors of engineering college. In this study, survey research method using questionnaire was used to engineering professors of universities and junior colleges. The study contents were analysis of in-service status and educational needs for professors of engineering college. Statistical package SPSS for windows, korean edition version 10.0, was used for analysing data. To do it, 97 questionnaire were used finally. Educational needs was divided into engineering teaching method, engineering evaluation method, and engineering basic competancy. Equation suggested by Borich was induced to calculate the educational needs. Results were that educational needs of engineering teaching method and engineering basic competency were high, respectively, but, educational needs of engineering evaluation method was low. It was known that we need to consider the results during in-service program development.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-99
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• 2005

This is a study about the fashion value of generation y, those who were junior and high school students between 1990 and 2004 in the U. S. This study was mainly based on the street culture and fashion of American teenagers the author observed in New York from 1997 to 2004, and referred to articles carried by major American journals, the result d Census 2000, statistical data reported by well-credited American research institutions. To overview the values generation y applies to their fashion, this study picked 8 principal values generation y pursues in their fashion and put them in four sets of contrasting pairs, as in conformity vs. Individuality, authenticity vs. trendiness, comfort vs. sexuality, rebelliousness vs. conservativeness. The results are as follow. First, when it comes to fashion, generation y desires to be noticed by others, but is afraid d being too different from their peers. Second, generation y stresses authenticity in their fashion. But, they are very much interested in mass fashion trend as well, and the pursuit of authenticity itself can be just a trend. Third, generation y wants their fashion to be "not only sexy and feminine, but also sporty and athletic" all at the same time. Forth, generation y uses fashion to visualize their rebelliousness. But their rebellious spirit is diluting amid the rise of neo-conservatism. As a conclusion, generation y's fashion has changed the way that compromises contrasting values, and in the process, were created unique new styles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.455-465
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• 2002

This study investigates students' preconceptions about measurement theory; repeating measurements. how to handle repeat measurements, measurement errors, and uncertainty. Thirty students in seventh grade participated in this study. Students' conceptions were elicited using observation and interview notes. Half of the students measured only two times. and none of them more than five times. After repeating measurements, seventy seven percent of them selected result according to their feelings, while only thirteen percent of them calculated the mean. Sixty percent of them regarded the main cause of measurement errors as their mistakes, not as the problems of environment or measuring instrument. Most students thought the main reason of various results by different persons or time period as human. Forty percent of them denied the uncertainty of measurement, while thirty three agreed, and most students thought the reason of uncertainty was due to human imperfection. This study showed more than half of the students did not know how to handle repeat measurements, and they regarded the cause of measurement errors as their mistakes. In addition, they thought the main reason of various measuring results and uncertainty as human.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

This study investigated the extraction algorithm fitting for variables of adolescents' computer use type with the sample from KYPS data (3409 in the second grade of the junior high school; 1704 boys and 1705 girls). The results of the decision tree model revealed that : (1) Gender, computer use time, misdeed friends, parent supervision, other agreement of misdeed, parent study expectation, self-control, teacher attachment, and sibling relation were significant for entertainment type. (2) Gender, cyberclub, computer use time, self-belief, online misdeed were significant for relation type. (3) Study enthusiasm, personal study time, optimistic disposition, study and spare time, cyberclub, self-belief, and other people criticism were significant for information type. These results suggest that adolescents' diverse conditions should be considered for using computer more efficiently.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1998

Since patients who have suffered from strokes have chronic health problems, the development of a protocol for home care nursing is required. Therefore, this study was done to test the effects of such a protocol on stroke patients. This study was conducted by using a single group pre-post design. The subjects for the study were 13 home care nurses and 30 home care patients who had a stroke. Data collection was done from October 1997 to February 1998. The collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t-test and the results were as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that 'working satisfaction of home nurses would be higher after using the home care protocol' was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that 'patients' satisfaction would be higher after using the home care protocol' was rejected. 3. The third hypothesis that 'the level of ADL of patients would be higher after using the home care protocol' was supported. In conclusion, by using a home care protocol, the satisfaction of nurses' work and the ADL of patients increased, and the patients' satisfaction also increased without statistical significance. The above results confirm that the application of a home care protocol is very effective. Thus, this protocol can be helpful in the quality care of stroke patients. Therefore, developing and organizing protocols, according to health problem, can be useful for beginner nurses who interact with high risk patients.