• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2005년도 제22회 학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Tree-ring chronologies can be used to date historical buildings and furniture by matching them with the chronologies of living trees or previously dated samples. Tree-ring dating gives a calender year to each tree ring and produces the felling dates of logs or woods which had been used for buildings. In Korea, several chronologies of Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.,'sonamu' in Korean), a major species for the wooden building materials, have been developed and used for dating historical buildings. Daejojeon of Changduck Palace is known to be reconstructed in A.D. 1920 after burned-out in A.D. 1917. Instead of new woods, Daejojeon was reconstructed by reusing the woods of Kyotaejeon in Kyungbok Palace. We sampled total of 26 wood samples which were replaced during the repair process of Daejojeon in 1995. Felling dates of the samples were determined by the dendrochronological crossdating method. Crossdating method employs graphic comparison of the master patterns (ring-width plots of living trees or known dates) with those of the sample chronologies of unknown dates. The cutting dates of Daejojeon woods were divided in two groups. One was the late 1860s and the other 1880s. The results confirmed that Kyotaejeon was reconstruced first in the A.D 1860s and then in late 1880s after burning out in 1876.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to predict lamina yield from logs of different diameter for production of cross laminated timber. Log characteristics of red pine (Pinus densiflora) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), including diameter, length, volume, and defects were used for statistical and geometrical analyses, along with the lamina characteristics, including width, thickness, and defects. Based on the data obtained, the strong factors influencing the yield and grade of lamina from the two species were statistically evaluated. A geometrical approach was used for analysis of the yield from logs of given diameters. Statistical analysis showed that lamina yield was dependent on target lamina size but the grade of lamina was not related to any of the log characteristics. The suggested yield equations from the geometrical approach indicated an accuracy of less than 20% difference.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.18-22
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• 1974

Counts of herb stems were made with each systematic grid sized 10cm by 1300cm within six apparently homogeneous herb layers under the open young Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, stands. The stands had often been subjected to strong human interferences such as burning, cutting, grazing, and denuding since human settlement until the conservation scheme practiced in these stands for last decade. In addition, amounts of loss of ignition and field capacity were determined to detect soil heterogeneity among and within the stands. The values of information measure of diversity(H), and Hurlbert's probability of interspecfic encounter(Δ), obtained here do not show any consistent correlation. The amount of interspecific competetion(Δ1), the ratio of interspecific to intraspecific competetion(Δ4), Levin's niche breadth(Sh), and species evenness(V), increase, while the amount of intraspecific competetion decrease, as the soil factors become favorable. One stand examined does not follow the above trends, which is more young and shows strong within site heterogeneity of the soil factors. The stand includes pioneer species which is not detectable without detailed observation. It is argued that in stable or favorable environment more intense interspecific competetion and less intraspecific competetion might occur, but this situation does not necessarily always bring smaller niche breadth. In this connection, the results support Hurlbert's contention that the two components of diversity should be analyzed separately.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2007

Extract of Japanese red pine needles has been used in Asia pacific regions since long periods believing its valuable properties as tonic and ability of curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. Some selective compounds present in the extract and their effects were analyzed. Carbohydrates and vitamin c were identified using HPLC; terpenoid compounds by GC-MS; anti-bacterial analysis by paper discs, plates count and gastrointestinal motility by whole cell patch clamp. The extract is a mixture of compounds therefore its diverse effect was expected. Self-fermentation in extract proceeds after spontaneous appearance of yeast strains without inoculation. Effects and composition of the extract vary with varying period of self-fermentation. Extract inhibits the growth of bacteria dose dependently exhibiting its antibacterial properties however effectiveness increases with increase in fermentation period. The extract also can modulate gastrointestinal motility in murine small intestine by modulating pace maker currents in ICC mediated through ATP sensitive potassium channel.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2009

Three failure theories were studied to evaluate the wood strength variation with grain slope. Maximum stress theory, Tsai-Hill theory and Hankinson formula were presented to hypothesize the failure of wood according to grain slope to loading direction. Red pine and Japanese larch were used as materials to simulate failure strength prediction with grain slope. Calculation of strength results was that the strength of wood drops rapidly between parallel to grain orientation (0 degree) and 15 degree grain orientation. The strength of wood with grain orientation were somewhat different at small grain angles among failure theories, and this tendency was due to tension and compression distinction, and shear accounting in each theories. For the above 45 degree grain orientation, the predicted failure strength of wood with grain variation were very close in each failure theories and were useful in assessing failure strength of wood. The applicable these theories should be considered that the wood has different behavior in tension and compression, and this lead to different strength at small grain angles in each theories. Furthermore, reconsideration is needed to assess the failure strength of wood at small grain angles in Hankinson formula and further studies are necessary to accounting for shear behavior at small grain angles.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2009

직경 20~30 cm의 원목을 마이크로파 건조하여, 건조속도와 건조 후 목재의 결함이나 문제점 등 원목의 건조 특성을 파악함으로써 마이크로파에 의한 원목건조조건을 최적화하고자 하였다. 출력 20 kw의 마이크로파 건조기는 건조 중 원목 내부온도에 기준하여 제어하였다. 소나무 원목의 경우 원목 내부온도가 $120^{\circ}C$를 초과하지 않도록 제어한 결과 48시간 이내에 함수율 20% 미만까지 안전한 건조가 가능하였다. 건조곤란 수종의 하나인 참죽나무의 원목 경우 표면할렬이 심각하게 발생하여 원목상태로의 건조가 불가능하였다. 원목의 건조속도는 원목의 초기함수율이 높을수록 빨라짐을 보였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권5호
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• pp.593-599
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• 2001

다변량분석법(주성분분석법, PCA)을 이용하여 무척추동물 군집에 백강균 처리가 미치는 영향을 검정하였다. 좌표공간내의 군집들간의 거리를 이용하여, 군집구조에 미치는 요인들의 영향을 통계 검정하였다. 백강균 처리는 낙엽과 토양의 무척추동물 군집에 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.126-142
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• 2020

Background: Most of the Pinus densiflora forests, occupying the largest area, have been restored in South Korea since the 1970s. As young pioneer forests, the succession process is under way. Since the forests are distributed nationwide and are vulnerable to disturbances, the process may differ depending on the geography and/or site conditions. Therefore, we reviewed the direction, the seral communities, and the late-successional species of progressive and disturbance-driven succession nationwide in the cool-temperate zone through meta-analysis and empirical observations. Main text: As a result of a meta-analysis of the direct succession and vertical structure, we found that the P. densiflora forest is in a directionally progressive succession, changing to the broadleaved forest after forming a mixed forest with its overwhelming successor, Quercus species (particularly Q. mongolica and Q. serrata). In dry stands in a relative sense, the Quercus species was favored occupying over 80% of the abundance of the succeeding species. Therefore, in dry stands, it is presumed that Quercus-dominated stage would last for a long time due to the current dominance and long life span, and eventually, it settles as Quercus-broadleaved forest with a site change. Contrary to this, it is presumed that in mesic stands where Quercus species do not occur or have low abundance, the late-successional broadleaved species settle early to form a co-dominant forest with multiple species. Due to geographical limits, the species composition of the two late-successional forests is different. Disturbances such as insect pests and fire retrogressed vulnerable P. densiflora forest for a while. However, it was mostly restored to the Quercus forest and is expected to be incorporated in the pathway of the dry stand. Conclusions: We revealed the succession process of P. densiflora forests according to geography and moisture and found that stand moisture had a decisive effect on the species and abundance of the successor. Although the P. densiflora forest is undergoing structural changes, the forest is still young; so within a few decades, physiognomy is not likely to change. Therefore, the decrease in the forest area may be due to other causes such as disturbances and forest conversion rather than due to succession.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권32호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

조선 왕실의 의궤를 기록된 옻칠 공예품에 관한 제작방법 및 사용재료를 연구하여, 칠기 유물의 보존처리 방안 수립 시 응용하고자 한다. 문헌조사는 "영조정순왕후가례도감의궤(1759)", "정조국장도감의궤(1800)"를 중심으로 하였다. 의궤에 기록된 옻칠 공예품의 경우, 옻칠은 주홍칠朱紅漆, 흑진칠黑眞漆, 석간주칠石磵朱柒로 나타난다. 왕에게 진상되는 물품에는 밑칠에 주로 콩가루를 사용하였고, 그 외에는 콩가루와 골회를 혼용하였다. 밑칠에 송연을 첨가하여 사용하기도 하였다. 왜주홍칠은 전칠을 칠한 후 매칠에 왜주홍을 배합하여 사용한다. 당주홍칠에는 일부 석간주와 주토를 혼용하여 사용하였다. 흑진칠은 전칠과 매칠을 이용하여 칠하는 것을 기본으로 일부 송연을 첨가하여 사용하기도 한다. 석간주칠에는 석간주를 기본으로 주토를 혼용하여 사용하였다. 마지막으로 명유를 이용하여 광택을 내어주었다고 사료된다. 문헌을 통해 조사된 옻칠 공예품의 제작방법과 전통재료가 옻칠 공예품의 보존처리 방안 수립 시 응용된다면 보다 나은 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

흰개미 방제 및 방곰팡이 효력이 입증된 저독성 네오티코치드계 목재보존제가 집성재 제조용 레조르시놀계 접착제의 접착력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. ACQ, CUAZ, 네오니코치드계 약제를 도포 처리한 다음 건조시킨 소나무 판재를 사용하였으며, 집성 접착 후에 블록 전단시험편을 채취하여 상태 및 촉진 열화 시험 후의 전단접착력과 목파율을 측정하여 비교하였다. ACQ 및 CUAZ 처리 집성재는 무처리 및 네오니코치드계 목재보존제 처리 집성재에 비하여 낮은 전단접착력을 보여 접착력 저하가 인정되었다. 이것은 이들 방부제 중에 함유되어 있는 구리화합물에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다. 네오니코치드계 목재보존제 처리 집성재는 상태 및 촉진열화 시험 후에도 가장 우수한 전단접착력을 나타내 레조르시놀계 접착제의 접착성능에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단하였다.