• Title/Summary/Keyword: item discrimination

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A Study on the Discrimination and the Real State of High Calorie Foods with Low Nutrition Values in Children's Snacks sold within Green Food Zone

  • Lee, Seung-Sin;Yang, Deok-Soon;Lee, Jong-Hye;Lee, Young-Hee;Heo, Sun-Kyung
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2011
  • This study surveys the state of 'children's snacks' sold within the Green Food Zone and that of High Calorie Foods with Low Nutrition Value (HCFLNV). The main purposes are the analyses of foods in accordance to KFDA Program for HCFLNV and an analysis of differences in HCFLNV that are dependent on relevant factors such as food types, school types, origins, the scale of manufacturing company, area and price. Based on the analyses, educational and political implications have been sought that will form nutritious dietary habits, contribute to the prevention of obesity, and improve health in child consumers. The methodologies of this study are literature studies and surveys. The results of this study can be summarized as following. First, the number of children's snacks is 517 items of total 645 gathered within 150 Green Food Zones. Candies are the most popular item, next are cookies, chocolates, and breads. Second, in the real state survey there are 186 HCFLNV (36.0%) among children's snacks sold within Green Food Zone. Based on the survey results, the marking of HCFLNV on the package of children's snacks and the extension of the ban of HCFLNV sales to all stores within the Green Food Zone are strongly suggested. This provides preliminary data related to children's snacks and food safety. With enforcement of the Special Act on the Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life, the rate of HCFLNV has decreased and the child snack product environment in stores has improved. However, it is necessary to supervise low-priced snacks and promote an awareness of HCFLNV along with the child consumer education of food safety is needed.

A Student Modeling Technique for Developing Student′s Level Oriented Dynamic Tutoring System for Science Class (수준별 동적 교수.학습 시스템 개발을 위한 학습자 모델링 기법)

  • 김성희;김수형
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2002
  • Major Characteristic of the 7th National Curriculum in science is to provide deep and supplementary learning, depending on the level of each learner. In the level-oriented curriculum, coursewares are used to present teaching materials to various levels. In most coursewares, however, they provide their contents at a uniform level and hence it is hard to expect level-oriented learning. This paper presents learner's modeling for developing student's level-oriented dynamic tutoring system for science class , Instructional module of this system made by component unit is able to be reconstructed dynamically. Learning module is constructed using a hybrid model mixed of Overlay and Bug model. Testing module interprets diagnostic errors to be established by given differentiated weight in accordance with item's difficulty and discrimination. Through ITS student modeling, this system presents various problem solving methods reconstructed by learner's level differentiated.

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Development and Implementation of an Instrument to Assess Attitude and Knowledge of Modern Environmental Issues (현대 환경 문제에 대한 태도 및 지식수준 평가 도구의 개발과 적용)

  • Shin, Eun-Wha;Kim, Eun-Jin;Kim, Yong-Gwon;Lee, Seok-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.273-286
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing the attitude and the knowledge level of elementary school in-service and pre-service teachers' on the modem environmental issues, and to implement it. The results of this study could be summarized as following. First, the instrument for attitude was developed as a Likert-type scale, it was constituted of 30 items through the item-chosen processes to improve the validity and reliability. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the attitude instrument was .899. Second, The instrument for knowledge was developed as a multiple-choice form with 와 distracts, and the final version was constituted of 35 items. The average discrimination, difficulty, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the items were .367, .629, .899, respectively. Third, in-service elementary teachers have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than pre-service teachers. However, in-service teachers 'knowledge level was lower than pre-service teachers'. Fourth, women have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than men. However, there was no difference significantly between men and women on knowledge level. Fifth, This process of developing the instrument could be provided as a model for future research which will try to develop instruments for assessing attitude or knowledge of any new areas with constructs.

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Development of National Assessment System:Scientific Inquiry Domain (국가 수준의 과학탐구능력 평가체제 개발)

  • Woo, Jong-Ok;Kim, Beom-Ki;Hann, Ann-Chin;Hur, Myung
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.617-626
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    • 1998
  • Inquiry approach in teaching science has been widespread in Korea since the Third National Curriculum in 1970's. But the effect of the approach has never been evaluated systematically in Korea, so the science educators do not know if the inquiry approach really works and if any critical problems inhibit the effect of the approach. In this context, the NAEP of the Unied States and the APU of the United Kingdom were model programs for assessing the effect of the inquiry approach in teaching science. The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment system for evaluating the effect of inquiry teaching in elementary and secandary schools. For this purpose, an assessment framework and 240 test items were developed and tried with a sample of 8,906 students. The results say that the developed tests are reliable. The average Cronbach $\alpha$ reliability coefficient of the tests was 0.69. The discrimination index(point-biserial correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.39 to 0.54 with a mean of 0.49, which indiate they are excellent in discriminating students in terms of their inquiry achievement. The test items were also analyzed by "item response theory." The results also say that the items are successfully developed.

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A Study on the Development of the Normative Scores for the IT-HOME Inventory (영아기 가정환경검사(IT-HOME) 규준 개발 연구)

  • Lee, Young;Lee, Jeong Rim;Park, Shin Jin;Woo, Hyun Kyung;Koo, Ja Yeun;Chung, Hyun Joo
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.433-445
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    • 2015
  • This study develops normative scores of the Infant/Toddler version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) inventory for Korean infants and toddlers. We selected 482 0- to 36-month-old infants and families by a stratified sampling procedure that considered residency, age, and gender of children. The pass rate, discrimination rate, and internal consistency were analyzed for the item analysis. Statistical validity included intercorrelation among the IT-HOME subscales, correlation between IT-HOME scores and environmental status variables, and correlation between IT-HOME and Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (K-BSID-II) scores. Normative scores were prepared by percentile ranks. The results of this study were as follows: First, 45 items were acceptable for Korean subjects with few exceptions. IT-HOME was developed to screen unfavorable environmental factors during infancy; therefore, items such as 12, 17, 23, 39, 44 need to be retained even though they had low discriminating power. Second, IT-HOME subscales were correlated, and IT-HOME was significantly related to parents' education level, household income level, and infant' developmental levels. Third, percentile scores and the median of each IT-HOME subscales were suggested as normative scores. We discussed the normative scores of the IT-HOME to screen the quality of home environments for children aged 0-36 months in Korea, and provide the intervention basis for the at-risk population.

A Study on the Improvement of Item for Discrimination Increasing in Post Evaluation of Public Building Construction Project (공공건축공사 사후평가 변별력 향상을 위한 항목개선 연구)

  • Yoon, Tai-Hyong;Lee, Soo-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 2011
  • The Ministry of Land, Transport & Maritime Affairs(former-The Ministry of Construction and Transportation)establish & promulgated the guide line of The Law of Post Evaluation on May 10, 2001(Article 58824-318) to public construction project under the Operation Law of Construction Engineering Management the 18 clause of Article 38 in order to induce & collect useful data about construction project when plan new similar project in the future about the initial planning phase, former and past accomplished businesses to construction works, results, efficiency, effectiveness. Ever since The Ministry revised 5 times, the former contents are composed for SOC, big volume civil project, and revised contents Article 2010-14(Jan 15, 2010) included some architectural project, but that was not definite the evaluation contents, direction & objective standard. So evaluation index implements are ambiguous about accomplished project. This research arranged the correctness evaluation indicators, criterions for decide the grades in order to helpful informations for similar architectural project in the future.

A Study on Causes of Franchisee's Conflict in Distribution Channel of small and middle sized Franchise Industry (중소형 프랜차이즈 유통시스템에서 가맹점의 갈등에 관한 질적 연구 - 토대이론 접근법을 활용하여-)

  • Jeon, Ta-sik
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.21-40
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    • 2006
  • Small and middle sized Franchise system channels experience conflicts because of constant interaction between franchiser and franchisee. However, it is rarely that attempt has been made to identify causes of conflicts in distribution of franchise industry. The purpose of this study was to explore cause of conflicts from the franchisee. For the study, data were collected from the owner or the shop-manager with a contractor in franchise systems. By means of in-depth interviews with multiple informants, their statement was analyzed qualitatively. From analysis of the resulting data, the causes of conflicts were associated with two broad sets, attitudinal and structural differences between franchisers and franchisees. First, attitudinal sources of conflict were identified as perception of subordinated relationships between channel members, delayed announcement on order changes, difficulties in communication by doing irresponsible behavior, different expectations between channel members in market territory and lack of consistent-supporting. Second, structural sources of conflict involved unilateral decision on interior, payment method, unreasonable delivery issue, treat franchisee with discrimination by the sales, in controlling against free management. There are limitations on generalization due to the results based on interview, but this study will be a useful exploratory step before designing a large scale survey.

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A Preliminary Study of The Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory for the Korean Version (싱어 루미스 심리 유형 검사의 한국판 제작을 위한 예비연구)

  • Hyoin Park
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.139-153
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    • 2013
  • Psychological typology in analytic psychology is used not only for ascertaining the attitude or function of the conscious ego, but also as one blueprint for the individuation process. We all know the need to emphasize an awareness of the deployment and development of the superior function, the secondary function, the third function and the inferior function for the individuation process. This study has the goal of refining our awareness of this deployment and development of typological functions. The questionnaires of the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory and the Gray Wheelwrights Jungian Type Survey use the method of a forced-choice questionnaire, on the assumption of a bi-polarity hypothesis. But the questionnaire of the Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory uses the Likert scale. It is able to show the deployment of the superior function, the secondary function, the third function and the inferior function visibly. It allows us to test the subject at stated periods for his/her development or change of psychological typology. The Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory is a statistically superior method for showing Jung's psychological typology relative to both the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory and the Gray Wheelwrights Jungian Type Survey. I have studied how the original authors of The Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory understood Jung's psychological typology. I produced the reliability and the item-discrimination power of the Korean Version of the Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory. On the basis of this study, I produced the revised Korean version 1 of Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory.

Analysis of the Results of 2002 and 2003 Examination for Appointing Secondary School Science Teachers (2002 및 2003학년도 중등과학교사임용시험 결과 분석)

  • Lee, Yang-Rak
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.532-543
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    • 2004
  • The teacher appointment examination is consisted of a written test, an interview, a demonstration of teaching practices, one's academic record etc. The primary written test(full credit of 100) consists of multiple-choice test of general pedagogy(30%) and constructed response test of science(70%). The science test consists of science education($20{\sim}30%$) and science content($70{\sim}80%$). Five science exams were implemented for appointing general science, physics, chemistry, biology and earth science teachers in 2002 and 2003. The credits alloted to science education domain decreased from $25.7{\sim}30%$ in 2002 to $24.3{\sim}25.7%$ in 2003. The percentage of correct answer was similar between science education and science content domain in 2002, but the percentage of correct answer in science education domain(70.2%) was 29.8% higher than that of science content domain in 2003. Earth science exam almost reached the target mean score of 60 but the other four exams showed the mean scores ranging from 45.0 to 52.7 in 2002 and from 40.1 to 49.6 in 2003. The percentage of high difficulty items(p<40%) was 41.2% in physics and chemistry in 2002, 50% in physics and chemistry, and 45% in biology in 2003. Seventy eight percent of the items showed fairly high discrimination index(r>.30). In addition, the reliabilities of 5 tests were from .79 to .88. In conclusion, it is recommended that the credits alloted to science education domain should be increased up to 30%, and exam difficulties should be lowered to a proper level by making science content items easier.

Study on the effect of small and medium-sized businesses being selected as suitable business types, on the franchise industry (중소기업적합업종선정이 프랜차이즈산업에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Dong;Shin, Geon-Chel;Jang, Jae Nam
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2012
  • The conflict between major corporations and small and medium-sized businesses is being aggravated, the trickle down effect is not working properly, and, as the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of the business limiting system continues to swirl, the plan proposed to protect the business domain of small and medium-sized businesses, resolve polarization between these businesses and large corporations, and protect small family run stores is the suitable business type designation system for small and medium-sized businesses. The current status of carrying out this system of selecting suitable business types among small and medium-sized businesses involves receiving applications for 234 items among the suitable business types and items from small and medium-sized businesses in manufacturing, and then selecting the items of the consultative group by analyzing and investigating the actual conditions. Suitable business type designation in the service industry will involve designation with priority on business types that are experiencing social conflict. Three major classifications of the service industry, related to the livelihood of small and medium-sized businesses, will be first designated, and subsequently this will be expanded sequentially. However, there is the concern that when designated as a suitable business type or item, this will hinder the growth motive for small to medium-sized businesses, and designation all cause decrease in consumer welfare. Also it is highly likely that it will operate as a prior regulation, cause side-effects by limiting competition systematically, and also be in violation against the main regulations of the FTA system. Moreover, it is pointed out that the system does not sufficiently reflect reverse discrimination factor against large corporations. Because conflict between small to medium sized businesses and large corporations results from the expansion of corporations to the service industry, which is unrelated to their key industry, it is necessary to introduce an advanced contract method like a master franchise or local franchise system and to develop local small to medium sized businesses through a franchise system to protect these businesses and dealers. However, this method may have an effect that contributes to stronger competitiveness of small to medium sized franchise businesses by advancing their competitiveness and operational methods a step further, but also has many negative aspects. First, as revealed by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, the franchise industry is contributing to the strengthening of competitiveness through the economy of scale by organizing existing individual proprietors and increasing the success rate of new businesses. It is also revealed to be a response measure by the government to stabilize the economy of ordinary people and is emphasized as a 'useful way' to revitalize the service industry and improve the competitiveness of individual proprietors, and has been involved in contributions to creating jobs and expanding the domestic market by providing various services to consumers. From this viewpoint, franchises fit the purpose of the suitable business type system and is not something that is against it. Second, designation as a suitable business type may decrease investment for overseas expansion, R&D, and food safety, as well negatively affect the expansion of overseas corporations that have entered the domestic market, due to the contraction and low morale of large domestic franchise corporations that have competitiveness internationally. Also because domestic franchise businesses are hard pressed to secure competitiveness with multinational overseas franchise corporations that are operating in Korea, the system may cause difficulty for domestic franchise businesses in securing international competitiveness and also may result in reverse discrimination against these overseas franchise corporations. Third, the designation of suitable business type and item can limit the opportunity of selection for consumers who have up to now used those products and can cause a negative effect that reduces consumer welfare. Also, because there is the possibility that the range of consumer selection may be reduced when a few small to medium size businesses monopolize the market, by causing reverse discrimination between these businesses, the role of determining the utility of products must be left ot the consumer not the government. Lastly, it is desirable that this is carried out with the supplementation of deficient parts in the future, because fair trade is already secured with the enforcement of the franchise trade law and the best trade standard of the Fair Trade Commission. Overlapping regulations by the suitable business type designation is an excessive restriction in the franchise industry. Now, it is necessary to establish in the domestic franchise industry an environment where a global franchise corporation, which spreads Korean culture around the world, is capable of growing, and the active support by the government is needed. Therefore, systems that do not consider the process or background of the growth of franchise businesses and harm these businesses for the sole reason of them being large corporations must be removed. The inhibition of growth to franchise enterprises may decrease the sales of franchise stores, in some cases even bankrupt them, as well as cause other problems. Therefore the suitable business type system should not hinder large corporations, and as both small dealers and small to medium size businesses both aim at improving competitiveness and combined growth, large corporations, small dealers and small to medium sized businesses, based on their mutual cooperation, should not include franchise corporations that continue business relations with them in this system.

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