• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1976-1995
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• 2023

The anchor-free object detector CenterNet regards the object as a center point and predicts it based on the Gaussian circle region. For each object's center point, CenterNet directly regresses the width and height of the objects and finally gets the boundary range of the objects. However, the critical range of the object's center point can not be accurately limited by using the Gaussian circle region to constrain the prediction region, resulting in many low-quality centers' predicted values. In addition, because of the large difference between the width and height of different objects, directly regressing the width and height will make the model difficult to converge and lose the intrinsic relationship between them, thereby reducing the stability and consistency of accuracy. For these problems, we proposed a center point prediction method based on the Gaussian elliptic region and a size component regression method based on the small solution space. First, we constructed a Gaussian ellipse region that can accurately predict the object's center point. Second, we recode the width and height of the objects, which significantly reduces the regression solution space and improves the convergence speed of the model. Finally, we jointly decode the predicted components, enhancing the internal relationship between the size components and improving the accuracy consistency. Experiments show that when using CenterNet as the improved baseline and Hourglass-104 as the backbone, on the MS COCO dataset, our improved model achieved 44.7%, which is 2.6% higher than the baseline.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1987

CeO$_2$의 전기전도도를 300 ~ 1000${\circ}$C의 온도범위와 10$^{-5}$~ 10$^{-1}$ atm의 산소압력하에서 측정하였다. 전기전도도의 온도의존성과 산소압력 의존성을 측정하여 본 시료의 결합구조와 전기전도 메카니즘을 연구하였으며, 본 실험결과는 300 ~ 600${\circ}$C, 600 ~ 1000${\circ}$C의 두 온도영역에서 나누어 설명하였다. 각 산소 압력하에서 log ${\sigma}$ vs. 1/T의 도시로부터 얻어진 활성화에너지는 높은 온도영역에서 2.16 eV이었다. 또한 전기전도도의 산소압력의존성은 높은 온도영역에서 ${\sigma}$ ${\alpha}$PO$_2^{-1/4}$, 낮은 온도영역에서 ${\sigma}$ ${\alpha}$PO$_2^{-1/6.2}$로 각각 나타났다. 이 시료에 있어서의 주 결함은 높은 온도영역에 대하여 Ce$^{3{\cdot}}$interstitial이며, 낮은 온도영역에서는 oxygen vacancy model로 사료된다. 전기전도도의 온도 및 산소압력의존성을 고찰하였고 전기전도 메카니즘을 제시하였다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

본 연구는 드론 기반의 초분광 센서를 활용하여 수위변화에 대한 하상재료의 분광정보 차이를 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 하상재료는 흙, 자갈, 호박돌, 갈대, 식생을 대상으로 하였으며 5개 하상재료에 대한 초분광 영상촬영을 실시하고 각 재료의 분광정보를 비교 분석하였다. 수위 변화를 위해 유량조절이 가능한 실험수로를 제작하고 수로 내 하상재료를 설치하였다. 수위 조건은 0.0 m, 0.3 m, 0.6 m이며 수위에 따라 CASE를 구분하였다. 영상촬영 후 각 하상재료별 10개 포인트를 평균한 값을 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 분석 결과 흙, 자갈, 호박돌, 갈대의 파장별 반사율은 비슷한 유형을 보이지만 각 재료별 가시광선과 근적외선 영역에서는 분광정보의 고유특징이 나타났다. 또한 수위가 깊어질수록 가시광선과 근적외선 영역에서 반사율은 감소하고 있으며 감소 비율은 하상재료에 따라 차이가 발생하였다. 하상재료에 대한 고유정보는 향후 하천환경평가를 위한 기초연구 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.181-198
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• 2023

본 연구는 의료기관에 종사하는 근로자들의 조직지원인식이 내재적 직무동기에 미치는 영향 관계를 분석하고, 이 과정에서 일-가정 갈등 및 일-가정 균형요인의 인과관계에 대한 유의성 여부도 확인해보고자 한다. 설문지를 통한 실증분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직지원인식은 내재적 직무동기 뿐만 아니라 일-가정 균형에 유의적인 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, 일-가정 균형은 내재적 직무동기에 유의적인 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 조직지원인식은 일-가정 갈등에 유의적인 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으나, 일-가정 갈등은 내재적 직무동기에 유의적인 영향력이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 의료기관 종사자들의 직무스트레스를 줄이기 위해서는 직무강도를 줄이고 능력에 적합한 업무량을 부여하며, 인력운영 및 업무효율성을 제고하기 위해 직무교육과 적재적소의 인력배치가 필요하다. 넷째, 긍정적인 조직지원인식과 내재적 직무동기 향상을 위해서는 현 직장에 대한 애착심을 높일 수 있고 다양한 유인체계로 조직의 문제를 자신의 문제로 인식할 수 있도록 지원 및 제도적 장치를 마련하여 장기근속을 유도하여야 한다. 본 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전국의 의료기관 종사자들을 지역별, 성별, 의료기관별, 학업별, 소득별 등으로 분류하여 확장된 분석을 실시하면 더 가치있는 결과를 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 의료서비스 품질에 대한 평가도 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 둘째, 의료기관 종사자들이 속한 병원의 환경 불확실성이나 경쟁 정도에 따라 직장에서의 일과 개인적인 삶의 균형 지원제도에 대한 영향력이 종업원마다 미치는 정도가 다를 수 있으므로 이를 반영할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 조직지원인식은 조직문화와 조직형태 그리고 조직규모 및 업무특성, 근무연수, 근무유형 등에 따라 다르게 인식될 것이므로 이를 반영할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 최근 정부의 의료기관 정책에 대한 변화와 글로벌 경영환경에 발맞추어 병원들의 조직구조, 직무설계, 조직지원 방식, 동기부여 접근방식, 인사고과의 평가 방법 등 다양한 신 인사관리 기법들을 설문지에 추가하여 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 최근 및 가까운 미래의 의료 트렌드를 반영해서 분석하는 것도 중요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.820-826
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• 2009

The anisotropic phonon conductions with varying Joule heating rate of the silicon film in Silicon-on-Insulator devices are examined using the electron-phonon interaction model. It is found that the phonon heat transfer rate at each boundary of Si-layer has a strong dependence on the heating power rate. And the phonon flow decreases when the temperature gradient has a sharp change within extremely short length scales such as phonon mean free path. Thus the heat generated in the hot spot region is removed primarily by heat conduction through Si-layer at the higher Joule heating level and the phonon nonlocality is mainly attributed to lower group velocity phonons as remarkably dissimilar to the case of electrons in laser heated plasmas. To validate these observations the modified phonon nonlocal model considering complete phonon dispersion relations is introduced as a correct form of the conventional theory. We also reveal that the relation between the phonon heat deposition time from the hot spot region and the relaxation time in Si-layer can be used to estimate the intrinsic thermal resistance in the parallel heat flow direction as Joule heating level varies.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.415-419
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• 1999

Many bipolar logic circuit of conventional occurred problem of speed delay according to deep saturation state of vertical NPN Transistor. In order to remove minority carries of the base region at changing signal in conventional bipolar logic circuit, we made transistor which is composed of NPN transistor shortened buried layer under the Base region, PNP transistor which is merged in base, epi layer and substrate. Also the Ring-Oscillator for measuring transmission time-delay per gate was designed as well. The structure of Gate consists of the vertical NPN Transistor, substrate and Merged PNP Transistor. In the result, we fount that tarriers which are coming into intrinsic Base from Emitter and the portion of edge are relatively a lot, so those make Base currents a lot and Gain is low with a few of collector currents because of cutting the buried layer of collector of conventional junction area. Merged PNP Transistor's currents are low because Base width is wide and the difference of Emitter's density and Base's density is small. we get amplitude of logic voltage of 200mv, the minimum of transmission delay-time of 211nS, and the minimum of transmission delay-time per gate of 7.26nS in AC characteristic output of Ring-Oscillator connected Gate.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.229-232
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• 2005

Direct characterization of band alignment at chemical bath deposition $(CBD)-CdS/Cu_{0.93}(In_{1-x}Ga_x)Se_2$ has been carried out by photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). Ar ion beam etching at the condition of the low ion kinetic energy of 400 eV yields a removal of surface contamination as well as successful development of intrinsic feature of each layer and the interfaces. Especially interior regions of the wide gap CIGS layers with a band gap of $1.4\~1.6\;eV$ were successfully exposed. IPES spectra revealed that conduction band offset (CBO) at the interface region over the wide gap CIGS of x = 0.60 and 0.75 was negative, where the conduction band minimum of CdS was lower than that of CIGS. It was also observed that an energy spacing between conduction band minimum (CBM) of CdS layer and valance band maximum (VBM) of $Cu_{0.93}(In_{0.25}Ga_{0.75})Se_2$ layer at interface region was no wider than that of the interface over the $Cu_{0.93}(In_{0.60}Ga_{0.40})Se_2$ layer.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

The intrinsic degradation behavior of $(V_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})_{0.925}Fe_{0.075}$ alloy with BCC structure and the two plateau regions (the low and high plateau region) has been investigate during the temperature-induced hydrogen absorption-desorption cycling (thermal cycling). After 400 thermal cycles between room temperature and $600^{\circ}C$ under 10atm $H_2$, the total reversible hydrogen absorption capacity decreased by about 40%. From thermal desorption analysis it was found that the degradation behavior at each plateau region was different. In addition, XRD analysis showed that the crystal structure of the sample in de-hydrided state was changed from BCC to BCT after degradation, and that of the sample in hydrided state it was maintained as FCC although peaks were broadened after degradation. From the result of static isothermal hydrogenation treatment it were found that crystal structure change from BCC to BCT was caused by the thermal energy. TEM analysis showed that the peak broadening was due to the formation of an amorphous phase in FCC matrix.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2008

The prediction of hydrate pellet decomposition characteristics is required to design the regasification process of GTS (gas to solid) technology, which is considered as an economic alternative for LNG technology to transport natural gas produced from small and stranded gas wells. Mathematical model based on the conservation principles, the phase equilibrium relation, equation of gas state and phase change kinetics was set up and numerical solution procedure employing volume averaged fixed grid formulation and extended enthalpy method are implemented. Initially, porous methane hydrate pellet is at uniform temperature and pressure within hydrate stable region. The pressure starts to decrease with a fixed rate down to the final pressure and is kept constant afterwards while the bounding surface of pellet is heated by convection. The predicted convective heat and mass transfer accompanied by the decomposed gas flow through hydrate/ice solid matrix is reported focused on the comparison of spherical and cylindrical pellets having the same effective radius.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1784-1786
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• 2004

PD(Partial Discharge) signal emitted from PD sources has their intrinsic features in the region of time and frequency. STFT(Short Time Fourier Transform) shows time-frequency distribution at the same time. 2-Dimensional matrices(33${\times}$77) from STFT for PD pulse signals are a good feature vectors and can be decreased in dimension by wavelet 2D data compression technique. Decreased feature vectors(13${\times}$24) were used as inputs of Back-propagation ANN(Artificial Neural Network) for discrimination of Multi-PD sources(air discharge sources(3), surface discharge(1)). They are a good feature vectors for discriminating Multi-PD sources.