• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

Objectives : Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating types of stroke. The effect of acupuncture on the intrastriatal hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death and cell proliferation in rats is examined. Methods : Cell death and cell proliferation in rats was investigated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Results : Results showed that apoptotic cell death in the striatum and cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus significantly increased following intrastriatal hemorrhage in rats, and that acupunctural treatment at the Zusanli acupoint suppressed the hemorrhage-induced increase in apoptosis in the striatum and cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. Conclusions : It is suggested that acupunctural treatment, especially at the Zusanli acupoint, may aid recovery following central nervous system sequelae following ICH.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

Objects : This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of Agrimoniae herba (AH) ethanol extract on intrastriatal hemorrhage (ISH). Method : ISH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. AH was orally given once a day for 3 days after ISH. Hematoma volume and percentage edema were examined. Immunohistochemistry was processed for iNOS, c-Fos, MMP-9, and MMP-12 expressions in the brain sections and each immuno-labeling were calculated with image analysis. Results : results are as follows; 1. AH reduced the hematoma volume and percentage edema of the ISH-induced rat brain. 2. AH swollen apoptotic bodies and neurons in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. 3. AH significantly reduced c-Fos, MMP-9 and MMP-12 positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. 4. AH swollen iNOS expressions in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. Conclusion : These results suggest that AH plays an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effect through control of ISH, suppression of c-Fos, and down-regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-12 expressions in the brain tissues.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2005

Backgrounds: Intracerebral hemon-hage is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Ginseng radix, the root of Panax Ginseng, C. A. MEYER (Araliaceae), is one of the most famous medicinal herbs with various therapeutic applications. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Ginseng radix on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used for this study. Results: The present results show that hemorrhage-induced lesion volume and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the striatum were significantly suppressed by treatment with Ginseng radix, resulting in enhancement of short-ten-n memory. Conclusions: We have shown that Ginseng radix has a neuroprotective effect on stroke, and aids the recovery from central nervous system sequelae following stroke.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

Objects : This study was performed in order to observe the effects of water extract of Dendrobii herba on intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), Method : ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. After the water extracts of Dendrobii herba were administrated orally once a day for 3 days, hematoma volume, percentage of brain edema, expression of iNOS and MPO were observed using immunohistochemistry. Results : Rats fed with water extracts of Dendrobii herba showed reduction of hematoma volume and percentage of brain edema compared with controls. In addition, Infiltration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) expressing neutrophil and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthatase(iNOS) were significantly reduced in rats fed with water extracts of Dendrobii herba. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that water extracts of Dendrobii herba reduced brain damage of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and subsequent ICH-induced cerebral edema, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Astragali radix on brain edema of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)-induced rats. Brain edema following ICH was induced via the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ethanol extract of Astragli radix was treated once a day for 3 days. Then brain hematoma volume and edema were examined. Immunohistochemistry was processed for iNOS, c-Fos, Bax, and HSP72 expressions in the brain sections and each immuno-labeling were calculated with image analysis. Ethanol extract of Astragli radix reduced hematoma volume(not significantly) and brain edema(significantly) ICH induced rats. Ethanol extract of Astragli radix reduced iNOS expressions, c-Fos, Bax and HSP72 positive cells significantly and reduced apoptotic bodies and swollen neurons in ICH induced rat brain. These results suggest that Astragli radix plays an inhibitory role in the hemorrhagic, inflammatory and apoptotic events induced by ICH. And it is supposed that neuroprotective effect of Astragli radix reveals by anti-apoptosis mechanism.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2012

Objects : The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Salviae Miltriorrhiza Radix(SMR) water-extract on intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and neuronal apoptosis in the injured areas. Method : ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were givened oral SMR treatment once a day for three days after the ICH treatment. TUNEL positive cells in the affected regions were performed by TUNEL assay, Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells by immunohistochemistry and the Bax expression by western blotting method. Results : The results are as follow; 1. SMR significantly reduced the number of TUNEL positive cells in the peri-hematoma reigions of ICH-induced rats. 2. SMR significantly reduced the number of Bax positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 3. SMR did not affect the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 4. SMR significantly reduced the Bax expressions compared with ICH group in hemorrhagic hemisphere of ICH-induced rats. Conclusion : These results suggest that SMR is effective in reducing neuronal apoptosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.799-806
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• 2011

This study was performed in order to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Boyanghwano-tang (BYT) water extract on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. BYT was orally given once a day for 3 days after ICH. Hematoma volume and percentage edema were examined. As imflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils infiltration and iNOS expression in the peri-ICH regions were examined using immunohistochemistry. As cellular damage markers, c-Fos, Bax, and HSP72 positive cells in the peri-ICH regions were measured also. BYT significantly reduced the hematoma volume and percentage edema of the ICH-induced rat brain. In the peri-hematoma regions, BYT significantly reduced MPO-positive neutrophil infiltration and iNOS expression of the ICH-induced rat brain. Additionally, BYT significantly reduced c-Fos, Bax, and HSP72 positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. These results suggest that BYT plays a neuroprotective role against ICH through suppression of inflammatory responses, apoptosis and cellular damage.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aimed at evaluation of the effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on brain edema and aquaporin water channel expressions in the brain. Methods : Brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma was treated once a day for 3 days. Brain edema % and water contents, and cell size of neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined. Immuno-histochemistry was processed for AQP4, AQP1, and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analysis. Results : 1. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced brain edema of ICH induced rats significantly. 2. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced excessive brain tissue water contents of ICH induced rats significantly. 3. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced cellular edema of neurons in cerebral cortex of ICH induced rats significantly. 4. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP4 immuno-positive area % in cerebral cortex and external capsule of ICH induced rat brain significantly. 5. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP9 immuno-positive area % in glia limitans externa of ICH induced rat brain significantly. Conclusions : These results suggest that Gastrodiae Rhizoma reveals protective effects against brain edema and cytotoxic edema of neurons by means of down-regulation of AQP4 expression in the brain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to examine the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma(GR) ethanol extract on neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)-induced rats. Methods: ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. GR was orally given once a day for 3 days after ICH. Histological changes of the peri-hematoma regions were observed by cresyl vioIet staining. Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), B-cell blastoma 2(BcI-2) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) expressions in the affected regions were performed by immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. GR reduced apoptotic bodies and swelling neurons in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 2. GR significantly reduced TUNEL positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 3. GR significantly reduced Bax positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 4. GR did not influence Bcl-2 expression in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that GR has neuroprotective effects against ICH-induced apoptosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.100-113
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• 2011

Objectives: Brain edema is brain swelling that occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the brain parenchyma. AQP4 and AQP9 are water-channel proteins expressed strongly in the brain and control water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on brain edema and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase(0.23 U/${\mu}l$, 0.1 ${\mu}l$/min) into Sprague-Dawley rat brains. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang water extract(1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally three times every 20 hours from 4 hours after ICH operation. Then hematoma volume, brain edema percentage, and water content of brain tissue were measured. Immuno-histochemistry was performed for AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analyzing system. Results: 1. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced hematoma volume of ICH induced rat. 2. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 3. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced brain edema percentage and water content of brain tissue of ICH induced rat. 4. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP4 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 5. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP9 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang decreases intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema by means of downregulating AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain.