• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.468-491
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• 2015

The major objective of this research is to suggest the proactive strategy and management of public R&D for the active transfer of technology based on the influential factor analysis of technology transfer. This study identified influential factors which make the greatest impact on the success of public technology transfer and commercialization through three points of view-technology supplier's view, technology adopter's view and view of commercialization-which contribute to successful technology transfer and commercialization. The core influential variables for blocking technology transfer are identified such as additional technological development, search for technology adopter followed by mass production technology and testing of confidence. Technology adopter is to create new markets or expand existing markets through the superiority (innovation) of licensing technology, increasing the internal innovation capabilities and maximizing the impacts of technology. This research suggests two effective strategies for improving technology transfer such as technology planning and marketing in the view of technology license. The strategy of technology planning should be established and executed to meet both technology trends and adopter's needs. And strong patents should be secured in terms of licensing of technology. Also the technological performance should be evaluated at mid-term appraisal, confirming the needs of adopter and competitive advantage of technology and patent. In addition to this, the customized technology marketing strategy for different fields of applications is also required in order to improve the likelihood of technology transfer. If the performance of R&D organization could be evaluated by global technological competitiveness and spillover effects of commercialization rather than quantitative output, the flow of technology transfer and commercialization would be accelerated.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.61-84
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop the Post-bereavement Growth Inventory(PBGI) for the elderly and to evaluate its validity. The items for developing PBGI were compiled from a literature search, content validity review, and a preliminary survey. A main survey of 308 widowed persons(aged 60+) was conducted. The results were as follows. First, an exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors of the PBGI. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure for the final 24 scale items of scale. Second, in terms of concurrent validity, the PGBI compared favorably with the "Personal Growth" scale from The Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC: Hogan and Schimdt, 2001). Third, the results of contrast group validity tests demonstrated that the group scoring in the upper 30% on the scales of Psychological Well-being (PWB, Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and the Grief Reaction Inventory (GRI: Remondet and Hansson, 1987) showed a significantly higher degree of post-bereavement growth (PBG) than the group scoring in the lower 30%. Fourth, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ values for the five factors were between .649-.856 and .907 overall, indicating high internal consistency. Finally, education had the most significant influence on PBG. All results indicated the high validity of the PBGI. The findings from this study could provide the rationale for practical interventions from a growth-oriented perspective for widowed persons, as well as an objective assessment tool for practitioners in clinical areas.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2008

This paper deals with basic theories and some numerical results on structural optimization for geodesic dome. First of all, the space efficiency of geodesic dome is investigated by using the ratio of icosahedron's surface area to the internal volume enclosed by it. The procedure how to create the geodesic dome is also provided in systematic way and implemented and utilized into the design optimization code ISADO-OPT. The mathematical programming technique is introduced to find out the optimum pattern of member size of geodesic dome against a point load. In this study, total weight of structure is considered as the objective function to be minimized and the displacement occurred at loading point and member stresses of geodesic dome are used as the constraint functions. The finite difference method is used to calculate the design sensitivity of objective function with respect to design variables. The SLP, SQP and MFDM available in the optimizer DoT is used to search optimum member size patterns of geodesic dome. It is found to be that the optimum member size pattern can be efficiently obtained by using the proposed design optimization technique and numerical results can be used as benchmark test as a basic reference solution for design optimization of dome structures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1998

The search for tumor-avid agents for use in nuclear medicine imaging is an ongoing field of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity for radio labeled vitamin $B_{12}$ by a wide histologic variety of tumor types in mice. Seventeen different types of tumor were grown subcutaneously in female Balb/C or Balb nu/nu(nude) mice. When the tumors reached about 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were sacrificed. Organs and tissues were removed, weighed, and activity per mg determined by gamma counter. Values represented cpm/mg tissue that was normalized to 20 grams body weight for each mouse. A wide variety of tumor types showed significant uptake and concentration of $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$, as evidenced by tumor:tissue activity ratios. For many tissues of great importance in terms of background(bone, muscle, blood), the tumor:tissue activity ratios of uptake were high. These data strongly suggest that further efforts to evaluate the utility of radio labeled adducts of vitamin $B_{12}$ for clinical use in oncologic imaging are warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.203-230
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• 2010

This study analyzed the development and growth of folksonomy by examining tags associated with 40 bestsellers on LibraryThing.com in 6-month intervals. It was found that tag values do not decrease but grow in terms of quantity and quality. Accordingly, we examined the major significances of the tags and their potential utilization as an expression of subjects. Our findings were as follows. First, the motivations for tagging can be categorized into personal information for search purposes, self-fulfillment such as sense of achievement, display of emotion and sharing of one's experience with others, or an altruistic objective that emphasizes sociality with a desire that one's actions might provide social benefits. According to our analysis, 74.12% of tags had a social motivation. Second, the total number of tags and the frequency of usage increased with time. Third, the categories that showed a high increase in tag usage were dates of publication and reading, key words, main characters, and book reviews. Tags related to subjects had the highest ratio. Fourth, among Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), multiple genres, key words and main characters were assigned to books, and specific key words and other properties were added as time progressed. There was also a slight increase in the number of tags consistent with LCSH. Fifth, we found that key tags could serve as a compilation of terms that reflects the knowledge base of the corresponding era. Thus, folksonomy should be continuously monitored for its quantitative and qualitative development of the tags to make improvements on its formative disadvantages, and identify internal semantic significance, be actively utilized in conjunction with taxonomy as a flexible compilation of terms that incorporate the history of a specific era.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

Objectives: Banhahoobak-tang has been used to treat plum-pit qi, chest and hypochondriac distension, moist or greasy tongue coat, and wiry slow or wiry slippery pulse. It might be used to control coughing and vomiting. We observed that Banhahoobak-tang extract (BHTe) had anti-psychological stress effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BHTe on restoring the transcriptional regulation of genes related to psychological stress. Methods: After giving psychological stress to mice, BHTe was orally administered at 100 mg/kg/day for five days. After extracting whole brain tissue from the mice, the gene expression changes were determined by microarray. Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis showed up- and down-regulated genes related to psychological stress were protected by BHTe and segregated according to the structure of TFBS. We performed text based Pubmed search to select significant target genes involved in psychological stress affected by BHTe. Results: 1. Serum corticosterone level was decreased in the BHTe administered group, although the psychological stress was increased. 2. The BHTe administered group had no significant change in noradrenaline content in brain tissue, but the psychological stress group had decreased level. 3. The BHTe administered group had increased time of staying at open-arm than the psychological stress group. 4. Microarray revealed that TANK and RARA genes were up-regulated genes while AES, CDC42, FOS, NCL, and PVR were down-regulated genes by psychological stress but restored by BHTe.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

Sixty-five molds isolated from clinical specimens were included in this study. All the isolates were molds that could be identified morphologically, strains that are difficult to identify because of morphological similarities, and strains that require species-level identification. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to target the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the D1/D2 region, and the β-tubulin gene. Comparative sequence analysis using the GenBank database was performed using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) algorithm. The fungi identified morphologically to the genus level were 67%. Sequencing analysis was performed on 62 genera and species level of the 65 strains. Discrepancies were 14 (21.5%) of the 65 strains between the results of phenotypic and molecular identification. B. dermatitidis, T. marneffei, and G. argillacea were identified for the first time in Korea using the DNA sequencing method. Morphological identification is a very useful method in terms of the reporting time and costs in cases of frequently isolated and rapid growth, such as Aspergillus. When molecular methods are employed, the cost and clinical significance should be considered. On the other hand, the molecular identification of molds can provide fast and accurate results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.426-433
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• 2012

This study was carried out for preliminary feasibility review to consult forest farmer, to make policy and to search improvement for Ligularia fischeri forest farm. The survey for eight Ligularia fischeri forest farmer in Inje-gun was conducted. And the case study was conducted with computing labor input, gross margin, net margin in each planting stages, which is contented each cultivating stage from creating to harvesting. B/C ratio, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return were used for profitability analysis. The results applied 3% of discount rate showed IRR 48.6%, B/C ratio 1.5 and NPV 41 million KRW, which means high profitability. Forest farming is early step in Korean forestry so that standard methods of cultivation for that haven't established yet, and differences among farmers in productivity are being. Establishing organized methods of cultivation in each stages and being political supports are essential for income generation to forest households, supply of safe food and rest place for urbanity.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 1998

Attentional processes facilitate cognitive and behavioral performance in several ways. Attention serves to reduce the amount of information to receive. Attention enables humans to direct themselves to appropriate aspects of external environmental events and internal operations. Attention facilitates the selection of salient information and the allocation of cognitive processing appropriate to that information. Attention is not a unitary process that can be localized to a single neuroanatomical region. Before the cortical registration of sensory information, activation of important subcortical structures occurs, which is called as an orienting response. Once sensory information reaches the sensory cortex, a large number of perceptual processes occur, which provide various levels of perceptual resolution of the critical features of the stimuli. After this preattentional processing, information is integrated within higher cortical(heteromodal) systems in inferior parietal and temporal lobes. At this stage, the processing characteristics can be modified, and the biases of the system have a direct impact on attentional selection. Information flow has been traced through sensory analysis to a processing stage that enables the new information to be focused and modified in relation to preexisting biases. The limbic and paralimbic system play significant roles in modulating attentional response. It is labeled with affective salience and is integrated according to ongoing pressures from the motivational drive system of the hypothalamus. The salience of information greatly influences the allocation of attention. The frontal lobe operate response selection system with a reciprocal interaction with both the attention system of the parietal lobe and the limbic system. In this attentional process, the search with the spatial field is organized and a sequence of attentional responses is generated. Affective, motivational and appectitive impulses from limbic system and hypothalamus trigger response intention, preparation, planning, initiation and control of frontal lobe on this process. The reticular system, which produces ascending activation, catalyzes the overall system and increases attentional capacity. Also additional energetic pressures are created by the hypothalamus. As psychophysiological measurement, skin conductance, pupil diameter, muscle tension, heart rate, alpha wave of EEG can be used. Event related potentials also provide physiological evidence of attention during information process. NI component appears to be an electrophysiological index of selective attention. P3 response is developed during the attention related to stimulus discrimination, evaluation and response.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Objectives: This study is aimed to develop a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) on acupuncture treatment for the patients with post-stroke spasticity. Methods: Experts committee, consisting of stroke or methodology specialists, searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 19 Korean medicine journals. The search terms were selected to screen the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews for the effectiveness of acupuncture on post-stroke spasticity, compared with placebo or conventional group. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were appraised based on Recommendations for Development of Clinical Practice Guideline in Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions: One systematic review and 7 RCT were included to build the CPG. There was a strong evidence to support the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity. However, it did not show any sufficient evidence to treat the patients with post-stroke spasticity with the sole acupuncture. The moderate evidence was presented that over 3 times of the electroacupuncture treatments with 1-100 Hz frequency should be performed every week on the acupoints, such as LI11, LI10, TE5, LI4, ST36, GB34, ST40, or LR3, for 20-30 minutes. It was also suggested that the procedure should begin at the acute stage just after the vital signs of the patients are stabilized. Finally, there was a moderate evidence to support safety of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity.