• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.181-210
• /
• 2003

The purpose of the study was to investigate how Korean EFL writing instructors give feedback to their students' writing and what influences their feedback. A total of 12 Korean EFL instructors in Korean universities teaching freshman English and intermediate EFL writing courses provided their feedback given on students' writing samples and participated in interviews. Interviews were analyzed qualitatively with a constant comparative approach and some data from writing samples and questionnaires produced descriptive statistics. The first lesson from the results of the study was that grammar was still the most frequent concern in giving feedback on students' writing. Contrary to the participants' report, comments on content and organization were not produced very often. The second lesson came from the interview data. Some aspects of teacher feedback seemed mostly influenced by their beliefs on L2 writing and experience in teaching L2 writing. The final and major lesson was that teachers chose how they would give comments on students' writing depending on whether they found their feedback helpful in students learning to write. EFL writing teachers can produce effective feedback by clearly communicating their beliefs about L2 writing and criteria in their feedback to students in their EFL writing classrooms.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2002

서울대학병원의 마스터플랜 재구성에 대한 프로젝트로서 기존의 환경에 대한 조사와 분석 그리고 외국사례와의 비교를 통해 앞으로 서울대학병원이 나아가야 할 목표 및 방향을 단기(1-2년), 중기(2-5년), 장기(10년 이상)계획으로 나누어 각 단계별 항목들을 분석, 구체화하였다. 단계계획에서는 응급실의 확장과 어린이 병원증축에 대한 내용을 제시하였고, 중기계획에서는 외래진료센타(ambulatory care center)에 대한 공간구성을 통하여 기존 마스터플랜이 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하였다. 장기계획에서는 어린이 병원의 이전, 캠퍼스 기능구획을 연구, 교육, 병원으로의 분류, 공급시설의 개선과정을 제시하였다. 이 연구를 통하여, 한국의 병원시장에 대한 경향을 다음과 같이 분석할 수 있었다. 1) 증축공간이 부족한 도심에 밀집한 한국병원의 경우, 리노베이션을 통한 마스터플랜은 다양한 시설물을 개선, 관리, 통합할 수 있는 방법이다. 2) 편리성, 환자의 프라이버시, 전문성, 방문자 오락시설, 통합적인 치료환경의 구축이다. 3) 예방 의약품의 증가, 건강센타, 건강중심의 프로그램, 확장된 진료시설 등 건강유지분야의 개발이다. 마스터 플랜은 계속 진행되는 과정의 일부분이며, 변화하는 조건 속에서 적용되어, 수정되어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the result of SE Process Implementation on Light Rail Transit(LRT) Project. Currently the Light Rail Transit Project of Korea applies SE to the intermediate phase, that is, E&M phase which is a manufacturing and designing procedure. More seriously, the application effect of SE is not remarkable because it applies to some specific engineering fields like RAMS and it depends on superficial consulting of foreign companies with low SE support capability and investment capital. This study points out that the "Requirement Analysis" and "System Alternative Review" has not been conducted from the initial phase (basic plan and basic design) of the LRT projects. Several projects indicate that the amount of investments for SE activities through the Korea LRT project is relatively very small in comparison with the global capital which is about 10% of total project budget. Furthermore, Korea LRT projects have very few SE professionals and weak SE organization with no government directions and guide book for the efficient implementation of SE for the LRT projects.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.132-136
• /
• 2015

Studies of cancer heterogeneity have received considerable attention recently, because the presence or absence of resistant sub-clones may determine whether or not certain therapeutic treatments are effective. Previously, we have reported G64, a co-regulated gene module composed of 64 different genes, can differentiate tumor intra- or inter-subpopulations in lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs). Here, we investigated whether the G64 module genes were also expressed distinctively in different subpopulations of other cancers. RNA sequencing-based transcriptome data derived from 22 cancers, except LADC, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Interestingly, the 22 cancers also expressed the G64 genes in a correlated manner, as observed previously in an LADC study. Considering that gene expression levels were continuous among different tumor samples, tumor subpopulations were investigated using extreme expressional ranges of G64-i.e., tumor subpopulation with the lowest 15% of G64 expression, tumor subpopulation with the highest 15% of G64 expression, and tumor subpopulation with intermediate expression. In each of the 22 cancers, we examined whether patient survival was different among the three different subgroups and found that G64 could differentiate tumor subpopulations in six other cancers, including sarcoma, kidney, brain, liver, and esophageal cancers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1985

^x In Korea, we are entering on a new phase that the use concept of urban park is extending to dynamic activities such as games and sports. This article is to investigate the significance of lawn areas, as a receptive space of such a wide range of recreation activities. As a study process, Green Styles (type of parks) such as Garden Type, Park Type and Forest Type were studied and historical review of lawn areas in park development was performed. In conclusion, the lawn areas ( greensward) are an essential part of park and open space organization. The significance as a conclusion is presented as follows : 1 ) Balance in type of parks The structures of our parks and open spaces are inclined toward the artificial Garden Type and natural Forest Type. Therefore, the intermediate Park Type and sparse wood areas should be a core part of our park and open space development. 2) Psychological effect Park Type areas, thorned by greensward(lawn area), can refresh urban dwellers with natural picturesque landscaps, and Park Type landscape is the most preferred natural landscape. It shows the essence of natural amenity as 3) Accomodation of wide range of recreation activities Lawn areas in urban park are the best place in accomodating the wide range of active and massive recreation activities. Thus, lawn areas can increase the freedom of recreation use in urban park. 4) Enlargement of physical carrying capacity. With expansion of lawn areas of euro- american concept, the structural open space can be transformed into service open space. Thus, the recreation carrying capacity of urban parks can be enlarged.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.59-87
• /
• 2011

These days, firms are focusing on the improvement of relationships with business partners. The supply chain integrations are taking critical role in improving the relationships with business partners. In accordance with the development of the IT technology, it became possible for firms not only to integrate inner parts of the organization, but also to integrate the company with other organizations in the supply chain. Therefore, in e-Biz environments, it is imperative for firms to strengthen the core capacity through the supply chain, and to precisely determine the components of the determinants of e-Business integration which impact the firm performance. This study analyzed determinants that have impacts on e-business integration in e-business capacity perspectives in competitive environments. This study based on the premise that the resources and capacities that Grant(1991) and Hart(1995) emphasized do not directly influence the corporate performance. This study focused on the fact that corporate must create core competencies based on these capacities to establish competitive edge. Therefore, this study model analyzed to find out which e-Biz competencies are needed to integrate e-Biz according to competitive environment elements. This study designed to empirically analyze the impact of the e-Biz competencies to the e-Biz integration and to the corporate performance. Independent variables of this study-IT management, partner management, e-Biz knowledge, e-Biz establishment and proliferation, process innovation-are selected based on precedent studies on e-Biz competencies. We selected intermediate variables to verify that e-Biz competencies do not have direct impact on the corporate performance, but have impact on the e-Biz integration, which is intermediate effect. That is to verify that if the components of supply chain improve the integration level using e-Biz competencies, the overall supply chain performances will improve. Dependent variables are selected to verify that e-Biz integration has impacts on corporate performances. This study used factor analysis, path analysis, moderating effect analysis as statistical tests. First, we used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to analyze reliability and validity. Because e-Biz competencies are presented variously by preceding studies, we used SPSS16.0 to verify if survey questionnaire used by theoretical backgrounds is properly composed. Second, we tested the property of structure model by AMOS. We did path analysis using AMOS16.0 to test structure that is composed of e-Biz competencies and e-Biz integration. Last, we tested moderating effects of measure factors. We analyzed 163 domestic companies to find out many significant suggestive points. First, relationship improvement capacity, e-business knowledge sharing capacity with business partners, and process innovation capacity are adopted as determinants of differentiation and competitive edges against competing firms. Second, e-business knowledge sharing capacity, and process innovation capacity are analyzed as the determinants of e-business integration in the firm which demand fluctuation in the market is high. On the other hand, among the determinants that require capturing ideas on new products, and strengthening the technological power, process innovation capacity are adopted as the determinants. These results provide us the foundation that the determinants that we have analyzed can impact the supply chain integration strategies which take into account the competitive environments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.455-464
• /
• 2020

This study examined the correlation between the variables related to the organizational commitment of social workers. The research results are as follows. First, the overall effect size of the variable group had an intermediate effect size. Among the four organizational commitment-related variables, the job-related negative variable had the largest effect size. Next, the group of positive variables related to the organization, the group of positive variables related to the job, and the group of individuals related to the individual were in order. Second, among the individual-related variables, experience, gender, and education showed a small effect size, and other factors were close to the small effect size. In the group of positive variables related to organization, all variables except for transactional leadership and organizational fairness, which had a medium effect size, showed a large effect size. The job-related positive variables showed a large effect size only for job satisfaction, and customer orientation and job suitability were close to the large effect size. The turnover intention, which is a group of job-related negative variables, had a large effect size and job stress showed a medium effect size.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.302-314
• /
• 2011

In today's fast changing management environment, new role of leaders is being emphasized for survival of companies, and organizational achievement must be maximized by using servant leadership strategically. Data were collected from the sample of 435 employee employed service. All analysis were conducted using LISREL 8.30. The research studies how servant leadership influences organizational citizenship behavior through psychological empowerment. The result is as follows. First, it is found that, among the servant leadership's behavior characters, except for empathy and ethics, growth, vision and community building are found to be variables that increase psychological empowerment. Secondly, it is fund that psychological empowerment of organization's members has positive correlation on organizational citizenship behavior. Thirdly, it is found that among the servant leadership's behavior characters, except for empathy and ethics, growth, vision and community building are found to have meaningful positive influence over organized citizens' behavior through psychological empowerment. Likewise, the result means the servant leadership increases organizational citizenship behavior of the members through empowerment. For servant leadership to promote organizational citizenship behavior, it is suggested to emphasize empowerment. In other words, it is important to empower subordinates for servant leadership to make more useful and complete achievement in the organization.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.459-461
• /
• 2008

Much research evidence supports the hypothesis that chronic, low-grade inflammation related to innate immunity may play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2; MIM# 600211) acts as a scaffold that controls the integration, organization, and assembly of nucleic acids. To examine whether the novel promoter variant in RUNX2 is associated with the risk of T2DM and related phenotypes, RUNX2-742G > T was genotyped in 378 T2DM patients and 382 normal controls recruited in the Korean T2DM Study. Statistical analysis revealed that RUNX2-742G > T was associated with serum triglyceride level (TG) in nondiabetic controls, although it was not associated with the risk of T2DM. Individuals who carry T/T, T/G, and G/G genotypes had the highest ($2.061{\pm}0.20$), intermediate ($2.01{\pm}0.19$), and the lowest ($1.97{\pm}0.18$) levels of log [TG (mmol/l)] (P = 0.007), respectively. Our data on this important variant of RUNX2 suggest that lipid metabolism might be affected by genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region.