• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1993

The Inhibiting activity of newly synthesized phenol (E-series) and triazine (T-series) derivatives was evaluated by using thylakoid membranes extracted from cyanobacteria (Anacystis nidulans $R_2$). There were no significant differences between phenol derivatives and dinoseb to the thylakoid membrane extracted from wild type in the Hill reaction. However, a phenol derivative, E-24 which has no -Cl at phenyl ring, did not show any activity. The longer the length of R substituents was in phenol derivatives, the lower inhibiting activity was in the Hill reaction. Triazine derivatives, T-27, T-28, T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 were also compared with diuron and atrazine. Among triazine compounds, T-27 and T-28 showed 10 and 30 times activity as high as atrazine to wild type, respectively. Other triazine derivatives, T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 showed low inhibiting activity to wild and mutant type. A structural difference of T-27 and T-28 from T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 was the presented of -C-NH-. Both T-27 and T-28 were very closely associated with serine, an amino acid located at the 264th position of D1 protein because of the resistant ratio(R/S) to mutant G-264 were higher than that of atrazine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.885-893
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• 2001

This review summarizes some recent research into ways of improving the productivity of ruminal fermentation by increasing protein flow from the rumen and decreasing the breakdown of protein that results from the action of ruminal microorganisms. Proteinases derived from the plant seem to be of importance to the overall process of proteolysis in grazing animals. Thus, altering the expression of proteinases in grasses may be a way of improving their nutritive value for ruminants. Inhibiting rumen microbial activity in ammonia formation remains an important objective: new ways of inhibiting peptide and amino acid breakdown are described. Rumen protozoa cause much of the bacterial protein turnover which occurs in the rumen. The major impact of defaunation on N recycling in the sheep rumen is described. Alternatively, if the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis can be increased by judicious addition of certain individual amino acids, protein flow from ruminal fermentation may be increased. Proline may be a key amino acid for non-cellulolytic bacteria, while phenylalanine is important for cellulolytic species. Inhibiting rumen wall tissue breakdown appears to be an important mechanism by which the antibiotic, flavomycin, improves N retention in ruminants. A role for Fusobacterium necrophorum seems likely, and alternative methods for its regulation are required, since growth-promoting antibiotics will soon be banned in many countries.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.685-688
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• 2005

Antibacterial and antiplatelet activities of Acorus gramineus rhizome-derived asaronaldehyde and asaron were analyzed using platelet aggregometer and six human intestinal bacteria. Active constituent of A. gramineus rhizome was isolated and characterized as asaronaldehyde by spectral analyses. At 2 and 1 mg/disk, asaronaldehyde exhibited strong inhibition of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile without adverse effects on growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. casei. Asaron also revealed moderate growth inhibition against C. perfringens and C. difficile at 2 mg/disk, no growth-inhibiting activity was observed on B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and E. coli. At 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value, asaronaldehyde was effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen ($IC_{50}$, $27.6\;{\mu}M$) and arachidonic acid ($IC_{50}$, $53.7\;{\mu}M$). These results suggest asaronaldehyde may be useful as lead compound for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and immunomodulatory effects of samryongbakchulsankamibang(SBSK) studies were done experimentally, In cytotoxicity against P388, A549. SK-OV-3, B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2. concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 40% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of SBSK. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I. the $IC_{50}$ was shown $200-400{\mu}g/ml$ of SBSK. The T/C was 154% in SBSK-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice, The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and B16-F10 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $5{\times}10^{-4}$, $1{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml$ of SBSK. In pumonary colonization assay with B16-BL/6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group, In hematological changes in B16-BL/6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and platelet were not changed significantly in SBSK-treated groups, In CAM and in vitro neovascularization assay, angiogenesis was inhibited significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that SBSK could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2013

The current study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil fraction from the roots of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its main components. We extracted the essential oil fraction from the roots of A. tenuissima using steam distillation and isolated its main components. Their antibacterial activities were determined by broth dilution test against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH-scavenging assay and reducing-power test. Also tested was their ability to inhibit the growth of two gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and MKN-45. The A. tenuissima oil fraction and its main components, ligustilide and butylidene phthalide exhibited marked inhibitory effects against most of the tested antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) from $0.21{\pm}0.08$ to $3.60{\pm}0.89mg/ml$. They also showed growth-inhibiting activity against Caco-2 and MKN-45 cells. The oil fraction showed significant antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing-power test. Taken together, A. tenuissima essential oil could be used as a safe additive for preventing food contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, its antioxidative activity and the ability to inhibit gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines could increase its value for functional foods and prevention of cancer.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the KBHT and PMCMT extract on protecting microglia and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and oxidants. Method : The effects of the KBHT and PMCMT extract on cell death of BV2 microglial cell line treated by ${\gamma}$ ; expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) ; AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated, respectively. Result : The KBHT and PMCMT extract significantly increased cell viability in BV2 microglial cell line treated with ${\gamma}$. The KBHT and PMCMT extract suppressed the NO and ROS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The KBHT and PMCMT extract groups also showed inhibition of AChE activity in PC-12 cell line. Conclusion : According to the above result, it is suggested that the KBHT and PMCMT extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer' s disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1276-1282
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract on protecting microglia and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and oxidants. The effects of the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract on cell death of BV2 microglial cell line treated by $IFN-{\gamma}$ ; expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ; AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated, respectively. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract significantly increased cell viability in BV2 microglial cell line treated with $IFN-\nu$. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract suppressed the NO and RDS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract groups also showed inhibition of AChE activity in PC-12 cell line. According to the above result, it is suggested that the ODTCMT and DDTCMT extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OnDam-TanghapChongMyoung-Tang (ODTCMT), DoDam-TanghapChongMyoung-Tang (DDTCMT), Microglia, acetylcholinesterase, ROS

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

Quercitrin gallate was previously isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae) as an inhibitor of superoxide production. In the present study, quercitrin gallate was found to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7 with an $IC_{50}$ value of $63\;{\mu}M$. Furthermore, quercitrin gallate attenuated LPS-induced synthesis of IL-6 transcript but also inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 promoter activity, indicating that the compound could down-regulate IL-6 expression at the transcription level. Since nuclear factor (NF)-kB has been shown to play a key role in LPS-inducible IL-6 expression, an effect of quercitrin gallate on LPS-induced NF-kB activation was further analyzed. Quercitrin gallate exhibited a dosedependent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB without affecting inhibitory kB (IkB) degradation, and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB transcriptional activity in macrophages RAW 264.7. Taken together, quercitrin gallate down-regulated LPS-induced IL-6 expression by inhibiting NF-kB activation, which could provide a pharmacological potential of the compound in IL-6-related immune and inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CBD and SJT extract on protecting microglia and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and oxidants. The effects of the CBD and SJT extract on cell death of BV2 microglial cell line treated by $IFN-{\gamma}$ ; expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) ; AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated, respectively. The CBD and SJT extract significantly increased cell viability in BV2 microglial cell line treated with $IFN-{\gamma}$. The CBD and SJT extract suppressed the NO and ROS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The CBD and SJT extract groups also showed inhibition of AChE activity in PC-12 cell line. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CBD and SJT extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.921-938
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• 1998

Hyelgalsan(HGS) is important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as follows: 1. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. HGS inhibited the formation of superoxide to 48% at the concentration of 0.01% in the mouse monocyte. 3. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 4. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human neutrophil in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 5. The concentration of inhibiting the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.01% of HGS. 6. The concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.001% and 0.0001% of HGS. 7. HGS didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. HGS inhibited the collagenase activity to 22% at 0.1%, 45% at 0.2%, 57% at 0.5% respectively.