• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.159-188
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• 2023

This study examines the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation in the light of Carl Jung's conception of individuation. Spirituality is defined in different ways by different scholars, but most consider self-transcendence as a necessary element. This self-transcendence can occur in the relationship with self, with others, and with the transcendent. In the relationship with the self, it appears as self-objectification; with others, it is as moving toward others; and in the relationship with the transcendent, it moves toward the transcendent. Spirituality is closely related to individual identity, in that it surrounds and integrates life. Spiritual formation is thus closely related to Jung's concept of individuation, as this involves the separation of persona and ego, and shadow recognition which are closely related to the level of self-objectification. In addition, the withdrawal of shadow projection that occurs in individuation is closely related to moving toward others, in that it recognizes the shadow instead of blaming others, allowing one to look at others without prejudice. The fact that Jesus Christ is the symbol of the Self, the driving force of the individuation process, tells us that spirituality leading to a relationship with the transcendent God and Jung's theory are closely related to each other. Thus, if we examine the process of spiritual formation through the Jung's individuation process, we can better understand the psychodynamic dimension of spirituality. This article investigates the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation through Jung's individuation process. Throughout her 98 years, Chou Sun-Ae experienced national pain and hardships, as well as personal adversity and difficulties; but through all of these hardships, conflicts, and difficult moments, she accomplished individualization. Therefore, by examining the spiritual formation through individuation in Chou Sun-Ae, I consider the direction of Christian spiritual education. In this study, three main characteristics of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation can be identified. First, through a life of repentance, the identification between persona and ego can be weakened. Second, the ego develops, and individualization is achieved, through a new calling. Third, in shadow integration, the spiritual development comes to recognize Jesus Christ on the cross and achieve the process of sanctification. Investigating the direction of Christian spiritual education through Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation indicates that Christian spiritual education should harmonize vertical and horizontal relations and should develop an experience of the transcendent God in everyday life. By this means, the believer can achieve Self-realization and be a true Christian who practices love for God and love for neighbors.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.93
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• pp.231-260
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• 2011

Simondon's theory of individuation and methodology of transduction presents a possibility of contemporary natural philosophy and a new perspective about the relation between philosophy and sciences. According to Simondon's anti-substantial viewpoint, being, as a metastable system charged with potential energy, complicates itself with quantum leaps transversing successive equilibriums. Individuation is the becoming of phases of being which transits from preindividual state to individuated states. Physical individuation as a paradigmatic model of individuation in general demonstrates not only insufficiency of form-oriented hylomorphism, but also spontaneous formational capacity of matter and reality of energetic relational operation immanent in matter. Genesis of a individual (structure or form) occurs as a resolution of the disparation between orders of magnitude, that is, the difference of potentials immanent in nature through the internal resonance, communication by information, transductive relation between the opposites. I'm trying to show that Simondon revives 'physis' of ancient natural philosophy by his own transductive applications of contemporary physics' conceptions, and therefore suggest a new non-reductive materialism. Especially Simondon's 'transduction' which is neither induction, deduction, nor dialectic, but an original ontological process and a peculiar method of thinking, I think, is worthy of note in order to construct network of knowledge and inter-relation between various sciences.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

This study focuses on Gilbert Simondon's individuation theory, a core concept of his technological philosophy, and spatial modality in interactive space as the schema of interactive operation. The study examines spatial modality as the technology of an interaction-enabler that has archi-semiotic characteristics in the designed space by aspects of examples. They are based on ideas and properties of a combined environment and the concept of information, which form Simondon's individuation theory. In the process of technological individuation, spatial modality has the characteristics of archi-semiotics from a combined environment and information. The first of the three properties is representation through semiosis and the information surface. Second is the context by relation works and perception, and third are the symbolic aspects, which could create Placeness by meaning. Combining meaningful constructive and deconstructive spaces could result in space for interactive communication. Spatial modality makes it possible to interact with users and spaces. In fact, it could have a particular semiotic mode of address and become a semiotic and contextual base. As a basic investigation of spatial modality, this study will contribute to interactive space design research.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-103
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• 2022

Objective: This study examined five- to six-year-old children's categorization of mixed-race faces and how it was affected by perceptual individuation training (PIT) for other-races. Methods: Sixty-five children attending classes for 5-year-olds in childcare centers were shown happy and angry faces of Korean and African American mixed-race people, along with neutral faces of Korean and African American monoracial people. They were asked to categorize the faces into same-race or other-race. After the pretest, participants received a PIT for either African American (other-race) or monkeys. Then the racial categorization task was administered again as a posttest. Results: Children showed no general tendency to categorize mixed-race faces as out-group in the pretest. Yet, the PITs further reduced children's categorization of mixed-race faces as out-group. In particular, the effect was clearly evident in children who received the PIT for other-race. Conclusion/Implications: The results suggest that the tendency to categorize mixed-race faces as an out-group may not be evident in early childhood and that experiences of perceptually identifying other-race individuals may help children view mixed-race individuals as being in the ingroup, at least perceptually.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.80
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• pp.167-192
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• 2016

This study examined the social trauma experienced by direct victims of accidents and each member of the society affected by grand-scale disasters based on the concepts of collective unconsciousness, archetype, and individuation from Jung's analytical psychology, and their experience of therapy through media. For this purpose, the survivors of the disaster of Sewol that occurred on April 16, 2014, family of the deceased, psychological professionals, and general volunteers were selected as the subjects for one-on-one in-depth interviews and focus group interviews. The findings can be summarized as follows: first, the subjects are suffering from different forms of social trauma such as seclusion and anxiety due to primary/secondary incidents, but there is possibility for them to overcome the social trauma as a social community. Second, the archetypes of life and death, mourning and remembrance are showing in the subjects' everyday lives. In particular, it was found that various archetypes are appearing symbolically through the craft activities in which the survivors are participating most actively. Third, the media therapy program for the victims of the Sewol has limitations in various aspects. However, the fact that the craft activities that are not bound by time and space are highly effective manifests that anyone can take advantage of trauma therapy through digital media that are easily found around them. Finally, this study is significant as it verified the possible individuation of social trauma and identified the limitations of media therapy to suggest its development directions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.207-221
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• 2002

This study examined the characteristics of the steady date and the influences of family of origin factors and anxiety on the romantic relationship among the unmarried men of early adulthood. Ninety men dating for more than 2 months responded the questionnaire regarding differentiation of family of origin, parents' marital intimacy, trait anxiety, couple intimacy, couple individuation, and the demographic questions. Using SPSS Win 10.0, ANOVA and regression were conducted. The results found that: 1)‘methods of introduction’ ‘frequency of dating per week’ and ‘military duty’ were significantly related to the couple intimacy; 2) the men's age was negatively related to the couple intimacy and positively related to the couple individuation; 3) differentiation of family of origin affected men's anxiety which in turn affected the couple intimacy. In couclusion, summary and the implication of this study were discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2004

According to construction of global administration environment, all over the world was ended up in infinite competition period. Because eating out company also competes with another company, it must enjoy competitive power high position to secure high position continuously, classified by formation constituent's individuation and two aspects of organic special quality by the factor. Individuation classified by formation constituent's business ability, personal relations, age factors of Information Technology, and organic special quality classifies by factor of formation culture and result that analyze eating out company's business condition competitive power reinforcement effect factor is same as following. First, was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days with family Restaurant, and Information Technology showed that do not influence. Competitive power reinforcement effect factor with special restaurant was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days, and fast food company culture and Information Technology factor with hotel restaurant company culture by competitive power reinforcement effect factor construe.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-164
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the family of origin variables on marital conflict. Seventy five married couples living together for less than 10 years were chosen from Seoul and Suwon cities. These subjects completed Korean Version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ, Individual Separation Scale, Family Rules Scale, Korea Certificated Egogram, and Marital Conflict Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-t test, and hierarchical regressions. The results were as follows: First, husbands and wives were different from each other in triangulation, family rules from family of origin and marital conflict. While husbands felt more strongly about their family rules than wives, wives perceived triangulation, and marital conflict higher than husbands. Second, husbands' controlling ego state, individuation, and family rules explained sixteen percents of husbands' marital conflict. Statistically speaking husbands' controlling ego state positively influenced on husbands' marital conflict. However, both of husbands' and wives' controlling ego states explained twelve percents of wives' marital conflict, and husbands' controlling ego state was statistically significant.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.491-505
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• 2017

This study investigated the development and core mechanism of subitizing in children and adults as well as provides related theoretical and practical discussions. This study was conducted to determine if subitizing changed with the age of participants and if there were differences in subitizing according to the spacing, color, and shape of the stimuli. The subitizing task set (including forty main trials) was prepared. Forty-five children (fifteen each in groups of 3, 4, and 5-year-olds) and fifteen adults were recruited to perform the subitizing tasks. The results demonstrated that the subitizing speed and accuracy of children improved abruptly between age 3 and age 4. Furthermore, there were significant differences in children's subitizing speed according to the spacing and color of the objects. The children's response time decreased when the objects were fully apart or were of diverse colors. In addition, there were partial significant differences in the subitizing speed of children related to the shape of the objects. The subitizing speed of children decreased in a condition (subitizing 5 objects of diverse colors in fixed spacing) when the shapes of the objects were diverse. The subitizing speed of adults only differed according to the space of the objects. The results demonstrate the development of subitizing in early childhood along with the presence of object individuation processing stages underlying subitizing. This study also provides practical information and suggestions for educational curricula that can strengthen the competency of children in systematic and diverse activities.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-144
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• 2015

Chilseongpul-i is a Korean shamanic myth in which the life story full of hardships of seven sons is told, until they will take up the sacredness of Chilseong god. The seven sons, who were born from Chilseongnim and his wife Okneobuin, are abandoned by their father, Chilseongnim. But sometime later they are born with new characters after going through a special growth process of suffering, dying, and rebirth. They finally recover the sacred position to save their mother. As considered by the analytical psychology, the fact that the seven sons became Chilseong gods shows an individuation process of the heroic mythology. The individuation process might be regarded as a symbol of Self-archetype of Koreans. Self-archetype functions as a healing which gets one's split heart and mind together. An imago dei of healers should be projected upon the seven gods by ancestors.