• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2014

Aspiring to the new raw materials of insecticides is one of the plant extracts. The material structure of a variety of plant extracts have because the material to the defense of the plant itself, the case of insecticides, using plant extracts, safe, has low toxicity and has the advantage of highly distinctive and fall. Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) is belonging to the family Compositae, and distributed in all parts of China as medicinal plants and indigenous plants used. Coltsfoot is known that it is effect to respiratory disease and has an antiviral effect. However, the reported insecticidal activity of coltsfoot could be not found. Fortunately, I found insecticidal activities when I was screening the bioassay against several insects with a lot of plant extracts. Using the ethanol extract of the Tussilago farfara, there were insecticidal activities against Culex pipiens pallens and Tetranychus urticae. There were several fractions in ethanol extract of coltsfoot by using various organic solvents. Hexane fraction showed a higher insecticidal activity than any other fraction. It is confirmed that hexane fraction contained pyrethrin by using HPLC analysis. So, it might be suggested that extract of coltsfoot has an insecticidal activity and its effect due to a ingredient of pyrethrin.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

We have screened the cytoprotective effect on $\gamma$-ray radiation induced oxidative stress from eighteen Korean plant extracts. Querus salicina, Clerodendron trichotomum, Lamium amplexicaule, Lozoste lancifolia and Malus baccata were found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, extracts of these plants reduced cell death of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells induced by $H_2O_2$ treatment. In addition, these extracts protected cell death of V79-4 cells damaged by $\gamma$-ray radiation. In addition, these extracts scavenged ROS generated by radiation. Taken together, the results suggest that Quercus salicina, Clerodendron trichotomum, Lamium amplexicaule, Lozoste lancifolia and Malus baccata protect V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by radiation through scavenging ROS.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

Oxidative stress potentially induces neurotoxicity which is believed to underlie several major age-related diseases of the central nervous system. This study sought to identify the cytoprotective effects of sixty-nine Cambodian plants against glutamate-induced cell death. Cultured HT22 cells were applied as an in vitro model, and neurotoxicity was induced in these neuronal cells by exposure to a determined concentration of glutamate. Sixty-nine plant sources, as Cambodia's indigenous species, were purchased from O'reusey Market, Phnom Penh, and extracted with ethanol. These extracts were screened for cytoprotective effects against glutamate-triggered neurotoxicity in HT22 cells at concentrations of 100 and 300 ${\mu}g/ml$. Of these, eight ethanol extracts, bark of Anacardium occidentale, bark and sapwood of Bauhinia pulla, flowers of Borassus flabellifer, stems and leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi, bark and sapwood of Diospyros nitida, sapwood of Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, stems of Oryza rufipogon, and fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, showed significant cytoprotective effects against glutamate-induced cell damage and degeneration in HT22 cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 1996

As a series of the studies on the specific and indigenous plants of Mt. Halla, the constituents from stem of Rhamnus taquetii (Rhamnaceae) were investigated. From the water fraction of the MeOH extract, a new flavonol glycoside, kaempferide-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->3)-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-6)-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside, was isolated with three known compounds, quercetin, quercetin-3-methylether, kaempferol, by column chromatographic separation using Amberlite XAD-2, ODS-gel and Sephadex LH-20 and elucidated physico-chemical evidences($^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$,IR, EI-Mass, FAB-Mass, and G.C.),respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.2-4
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• 1948

Syringa oblata var dilatata (Nakai) Rehder is a oleaceous, deciduous shrub indigenous in the calcareous zones of Korea. The author researched the constituents of the leaves of the plant, especially the bitter principles which may be used as amara. According to the literature a bitter principle Syringin and Mannitol were isolated from the leaves of S. vulgaris L. And later on B. Power indicated that syringin and mannitol were widely distributed in oleaceous plants. The fresh leaves of the plant wer extracted with hot water, the filtered clear liquid was mixed with solution of lead acetate. The lead precipitate was filtered off and the filtered liquid was freed from lead by H$_{4}$S. The filtrate thus obtained was evaporated, and from the residue colorless needles, M. P. 166.deg., were obtained. It was soluble in water, in hot alcohol, and insoluble in ether and had a sweet taste. The results of the elementar analysis, M. P. and other characteristics agreed with that of d-mannitol. Finally it was proved to be identical with d-mannitol through conversion of it into Hexaacetyl mannitol, M. P. 124.deg., Triformal mannitol, M. P. 227.deg., Tribenzal mannitol, M. P. 224.deg., which exhibited no depression, when mixed with authentic specimens. The experiments to isolate bitter principles of the plant are in progress.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 2010

Picea jezoensis with several infraspecific taxa is indigenous to Eastern Asia and the Far East of Russia. Although these taxa are very common, the taxonomic confusion surrounding this complex is reflected in ambiguity of the various taxonomic treatments currently used. Patterns of intraspecific variations of cone morphology and recognition of taxa within the P. jezoensis complex were investigated from 175 individuals. Morphological variation of cone characters was determined by the univariate analysis to be insignificant in separating most previously recognized infraspecific taxa in Korea, China, Russia, and Japan. Our statistical analysis showed that cones from northern populations were larger and wider than those from southern populations. Individuals from South Korea were predominantly smaller even than those from Honshu of Japan which were previously recognized as var. hondoensis. All measured characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes in latitude, and a distinctive trend was evident. Consequently var. hondoensis, var. koreana, and var. microsperma cannot retain their infraspecific state within the P. jezoensis complex.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1986

Among the Araliaceae plants indigenous to Korea, those whose medicinal usage are comparatively high have been selected in this serial studies. Chiisanoside and acanthoside D were isolated and identified from the Acanthopanax chinensis leaves and root bark. Chiisanoside and acanthoside D have been found to have the lowering S-GPT, S-GOT value and BSP-retention rate and survival rate, anti-histaminic effect in the toxic state through the bio-pharmacological experiments. ${\alpha}-hederin$, hederagenin pentaglycoside were isolated both stem bark of Kalopanax pictum Nakai var. magnificum and Kalopanax pictum Nakai var. Max. respectively. Syringoside, acanthoside D were also isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum. The biological activity of ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$, Re were examined. Ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$, Re promotes the antileaking effect in X-ray (Co 60) irradiated toxic state.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae) has been used as a seasoned vegetable by living in coastal areas. S. herbacea (SH) has been demonstrated to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and to show anti-oxidative effect. In a series of investigations to develop potential anti-diabetic and/or anti-hyperlipidemic agents from Korean indigenous plants, 50% ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea was found to prevent the onset of the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in ICR mice. At 6 week old, the ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups; two control and three treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either a regular diet (RD) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed a high fat diet with either 350 mg/kg, 700 mg/kg of SH (SH350 and SH700) or 250 mg/kg of met-formin (MT250) for a 10-week period. SH not only reduced body weight but also corrected associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose dependent manner. SH exerted beneficial effects on the plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis possibly ascribed to its specific effects on lipogenesis related genes (SREBP1a, FAS, GAPT), and PEPCK, glucose 6-phosphatase gene expressions in liver. Ethanol extract of S. herbacea has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes (and possibly hyperlipidemia) and deserves future clinical trial.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.31-45
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• 2010

Building a dam that is not considering the environmental impact and human social impact can cause the loss of entire ecospheres such as fragmentary green network, disturbance of plants ecosystem, the destruction of social and cultural indigenous resources, therefore, it can occur the environment change and distortion of ecosystem. The purpose of this study is that presenting the methods of ecosystem maintenance and ecosystem damage compensation about for environmentally direct impact i.e. the ecosystem change in the intended place for building a dam. According to the planning progress, the study was proceeded to planning site examine, assessment, conception plan. As the results of examine and assessment, it must be necessary to offered the maintenance and damage compensation if the site where include the 1st degree of biotope area, the 2nd degree of biotope and the 8th degree of green naturality area were damaged by being submerged and constructing road. In addition, according to the conception plan, we suggest the mitigation proposals such as plant communities transplant, planning of connecting green network against for influencing direct impact ecosystem that is destroying plant communities, damaging inhabitants, noise pollution, water pollution, etc.