[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

Cone Morphological Variation of the Picea jezoensis Complex in Eastern Asia

Park, Yeong-Dae (Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Chang, Kae-Sun (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University)
Jin, Guang Ze (Department of Forest Ecology, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University)
Kim, Hui (Department of Medicinal Plants Resources, Mokpo National University)
Chang, Chin-Sung (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University)

Publication Information

Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.99, no.2, 2010 , pp. 235-243 More about this Journal

Abstract

Picea jezoensis with several infraspecific taxa is indigenous to Eastern Asia and the Far East of Russia. Although these taxa are very common, the taxonomic confusion surrounding this complex is reflected in ambiguity of the various taxonomic treatments currently used. Patterns of intraspecific variations of cone morphology and recognition of taxa within the P. jezoensis complex were investigated from 175 individuals. Morphological variation of cone characters was determined by the univariate analysis to be insignificant in separating most previously recognized infraspecific taxa in Korea, China, Russia, and Japan. Our statistical analysis showed that cones from northern populations were larger and wider than those from southern populations. Individuals from South Korea were predominantly smaller even than those from Honshu of Japan which were previously recognized as var. hondoensis. All measured characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes in latitude, and a distinctive trend was evident. Consequently var. hondoensis, var. koreana, and var. microsperma cannot retain their infraspecific state within the P. jezoensis complex.

Keywords

clinal variation; cone; marginal population; morphology; Picea jezoensis;

Citations & Related Records

Reference

1	Ran, J.-H., Wei, X.-X. and Wang, X.-Q. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Picea (Pinaceae): Implications for phylogeographical studies using cytoplasmic haplotypes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 405-419. DOI ScienceOn
2	Earle, C.J. 2008. The Gymnosperm Database. http://www.conifers.org/.
3	Elwes, H.J. and Henry, A. 1909. The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 4. Privately Printed, Edinburgh.
4	Standby, U., Christense, K.I. and Sorensen, M. 2009. A morphometric study of the Abies reliosa-hickelii-guatemalensis complex (Pinaceae) in Guatemala and Mexico. Plant Systematics and Evolution 280: 59-76. DOI ScienceOn
5	Uyeki, H. 1926. Corean Timber Trees. Vol. 1. Ginkgoales and Coniferae. The Forestry Experiment Station, Government General of Chosen, Keijo (in Japanese).
6	Uyeki, H. 1942. Trees and forest (7). Bulletin of the Forest of Chosen (=Chosen Sanlin Kaihou) 206: 3-13 (in Japanese with Latin description).
7	Wells, O.O., Switzer, G.L. and Schmidtling, R.C. 1991. Geographic variation in Mississippi loblolly pine and sweetgum. Silvae Genetica 40: 105-119.
8	Wilson, E.H. 1916. The conifers and taxads of Japan. Publications of the Arnold Arboretum 8: 1-91.
9	Wright, J.W. 1955. Species crossability in spruce in relation to distribution and taxonomy. Forest Sciences 1: 319-349.
10	Yamazaki, T. 1995. Pinaceae. pp. 266-277. In: Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D. E., and Ohba, H. (Eds.), Flora of Japan. Vol. 1. Pteriodophyta and Gymnospermae. Kodansha, Tokyo.
11	Palmer, C.L. and Parker, W.H. 1990. Phenotypic variation in Yukon populations of subalpine fir. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1491-1500.
12	Myers, O. and Bormann, F.H. 1963. Phenotypic variation in Abies balsamea in response to altitudinal and geographic gradients. Ecology 44: 429-436. DOI ScienceOn
13	Ohwi, J. 1984. Flora of Japan. Smithonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
14	Palmer, A.R. and Strobeck, C. 1992. Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: Implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests. Acta Zoologica Fennica 191: 57-72.
15	Potenko, V.V. and Knysh, Y.D. 2003. Genetic variation of Yeddo spruce populations in Russia. Forest Genetics 10: 55-64.
16	Potenko, V.V. 2007a. Allozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships in Picea jezoensis (Pinaceae) populations of the Russian far east. Biochemical Genetics 45: 291-304. DOI ScienceOn
17	Potenko, V.V. 2007b. Relationships among spruces (Picea A. Dier., Pinaceae) of the Russian far east. Plant Systematics and Evolution 268:1-13. DOI
18	Rehder, A. 1940. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. 2nd ed. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
19	Farjon, A. 1990. Pinaceae:drawings and descriptions of the genera Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keterleeria, Nothtsuga, Tsuga, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix, and Picea. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koingstein.
20	Rehfeldt, G.E. 1991. A model of genetic variation for Pinus ponderosa in the Inland Northwest (U.S.A.): applications in gene resource management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 1491-1500. DOI
21	Fu, L.-K., Li, N. and Mill, R.R. 1999. Pinaceae. pp.11- 52. In: Wu, Z.Y. and Raven, P.H. (Eds.), Flora of China. Vol. 4. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
22	Gaussen, H. and Lacassagne, M. 1930. Les epiceas du Kamtchatka. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 59: 190-202.
23	Gil, L., Climent, J., Nanos, N., Mutke, S., Oritz, I. and Schiller, G. 2002. Cone morphology variation in Pinus canariensis Sm. Plant Systematics and Evolution 235: 35-51. DOI ScienceOn
24	Hayashi, Y. 1969. Manual of Useful Tree. Seibundo Shinkosha Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo (in Japanese).
25	Kitamura, S. and Murata, G. 1979. Colored Illustrations of Woody Plants of Japan. Vol. 2. Horikusha Pub. Co, Osaka (in Japanese).
26	Kong, W.S. and Watts, D. 1993. Evergreen arboreal arctic- alpine plants and their environments. pp93-180. In: Kong, W.S. and Watts, D. (Eds.), The Plant Geography of Korea with an Emphasis on the Alpine Zones. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA.
27	Krestov, P.V. and Nakamura, Y. 2002. Phytosociological study of the Picea jezoensis forests of the far East. Folia Geobotanica 37: 441-473. DOI ScienceOn
28	Aizawa, M., Yshimaru, H., Saito, H., Katsuki, T., Kawahara, T., Kitamura, K., Shi, F. and Kaji, M. 2007. Phylogeography of a northeast Asian spruce, Picea jezoensis inferred from genetic variation observed in organelle DNA markers. Molecular Ecology 16: 3393-3405. DOI ScienceOn
29	Lee, T.B. 1980. Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul (in Korean).
30	Aizawa, M. and Kaji, M. 2006. Taxonomic review of Picea alcoquiana var. reflexa (Pinaceae) based on cone morphology. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 57: 165-172.
31	Bongartgen, B.C. and Hanover, J.W. 1986. Provenance variation in blue spruce (Picea pungens) at eight locations in the northern United States and Canada. Silvae Genetica 35: 67-74.
32	Charkevicz, S.S. 1989. Plantae Vasculares Orientis Extremi Sovietici. Vol. 4. Leningrad, Nauka (in Russian).
33	Cheng, W.-C. and Fu, L.-K. 1978. Picea Dietr. pp. 123- 168. In: Cheng, W.-C. and Fu, L.-K. (Eds.), Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 7. Gymnospermae. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).