• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.660-666
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• 2015

Natural food colorant are widely used to satisfy consumer preferences. Anthocyanins are red, blue and purple natural pigments. Purple-fleshed sweet potato (PSP) contains large quantities of anthocyanins. The aims of this work were i) to investigate the influence of sugars on the purple color of PSP jam and ii) to optimize the ratio of ingredients for sensory characteristics of PSP jam. Korean PSP variety "Sinjami" was used for the preparation of jam. The jams were prepared with various sugar contents (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% total weight) consisting of steamed purple-fleshed sweet potato, water, lemon juice and apple juice. With increasing sugar contents, lightness (L) and redness (a) of PSP jams decreased while yellowness (b) increased, indicating that anthocyanins were degraded and/or brown pigments were formed due to high sugar content under heat treatment. Hardness, springiness, chewiness and cohesiveness showed significant differences among PSP jams with various sugar contents. In sensory evaluation, addition of sugar significantly increased scores for color and texture as compared to control samples. The color, texture and preference results indicate an optimal sugar content of 40% total ingredient weight for PSP jam.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.580-586
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• 1996

Gelatinization behavior and morphology of epichlorohydrin-crosslinked potato starches (XPs) were investigated. Native potato starch showed a very steep single stage swlling pattern, but crosslinked starches showed various patterns with the degree of crosslinking. Swelling power, solubility and light transmittance were reduced drastically as the degree of crosslinking increased. Brabender initial pasting temperature and peak temperature of crosslinked starches increased because the crosslinking reinforces the intermolecular net work of the starches. Although the swelling of the potato starch granule was inhibited by crosslinking as compared to that of the native one, Brabender peak viscosities (6.5% w/v, db) were on the order of 2,500 units for the native potato starch, 3,700 for the XP with 2.300 anhydroglucose units per crosslinking (AGU/CL) and 3,400 for the XP with 2,100 AGU/CL, due to the decreased breakdown of the swollen granule resulting from the resistance to heat and shear. The XP with 1,900 AGU/CL, however, did not show the peak viscosity and the viscosity was on the order of 500 units because of the excessive unhibition of the swelling. Unlike the native potato starch, 6.5%(m/v, db) pastes of the crosslinked potato starches could form gels, which could be predicted from the Brabender setback and consistency index. When the degree of crosslinking is low, random contraction and radial swelling of the granule was possible. As the degree of crosslinking increased, morphological change became similar to the single dimensional tangential swelling observed from the lenticular wheat starch. These morphological change during heating in excess water explained the gelatinization behaviors of crosslinked starches tested.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.922-930
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• 2008

The selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR) performance is sensitive to the process parameters such as flow velocity, reaction temperature and mixing of reagent(ammonia or urea) with the flue gases. Therefore, the knowledge of the velocity field, temperature field and species concentration distribution is crucial for the design and operation of an effective SNCR injection system. In this work, a full-scale two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based reacting model involving a droplet model is built and validated with the data obtained from a pilot-scale urea-based SNCR reactor installed with a 150 kW LPG burner. The kinetic mechanism with seven reactions for nitrogen oxides($NO_x$) reduction by urea-water solution is used to predict $NO_x$ reduction and ammonia slip. Using the turbulent reacting flow CFD model involving the discrete droplet phase, the CFD simulation results show maximum 20% difference from the experimental data for NO reduction. For $NH_3$ slip, the simulation results have a similar tendency with the experimental data with regard to the temperature and the normalized stoichiometric ratio(NSR).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 1997

The normal cement concrete is widely used material to build the construction recently, but it has a fault to increase the dead load on account of its unit weight is large compared with strength. Therefore, many engineers are continuously searching for new materials of construction to provide greater performance at lower density. The main purpose of the work described in this paper were to establish the physical and mechanical properties of synthetic lightweight aggregate concrete using perlite on fine aggregate and expanded clay, pumice stone on coarse aggregate. The test results of this study are summarized that the water-cement ratio was shown 47% using expanded clay, 56% using pumice stone on coarse aggregate, unit weight was shown $l,622kgf/m^3$ using expanded clay, $l,596kgf/m^3$ using pumice stone on coarse aggregate, and the absorption ratio was shown same as 17%. The compressive strength was shown more than $228kgf/cm^2$, tensile and bending strength was more than $27kgf/cm^2$, $58kgf/cm^2$ at all types, and rebound number with schmidt hammer was increased with increase of compressive strength. The static modulus was $1.12{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$ using expanded clay, $1.09{\times}10^5kgf/cm^2$ using pumice stone on coarse aggregate, and stress-strain curves were shown that increased with increase of stress, and the strain on the maximum stress was shown identical with $2.0{\times}10^{-3}$, approximately.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.4 s.101
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• pp.371-380
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• 2006

This paper utilizing model picture of finished clothes in fashion design field various material (textile fabrics) doing Draping directly can invent new design, and do not produce direction sample or poetic theme width and confirm clothes work to simulation. Also, construct database about model and material image and embodied system that can confirm Mapping result by real time. And propose clothes simulation system to dress to 3D human body model of imagination because using several cloth pieces first by process to do so that can do simulation dressing abstracted poetic theme width to 3D model here. Proposed system creates 3D model who put clothes by physical simulation that do fetters to mass-spring model after read 3D human body model file and 2D foundation pattern file. System of this treatise examines collision between triangle that compose human body model for realistic simulation and triangle that compose clothes and achieved reaction processing. Because number of triangle to compose human body is very much, this collision examination and reaction processing need much times. To solve this problem, treatise that see could create realistic picture by method to diminish collision public prosecutor and reaction processing number, and could dress clothes to imagination human body model within water plant taking advantage of Octree space sharing techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2012

The study was conducted to develop an effective forest resources use models for an alternate use of abandoned quarry by an attitude survey. According to the result of survey, a pessimistic view due to dust, noise pollution, and forest damage was 5% higher than an affirmative view by economic benefits from the development of quarry. The 42% of the respondents preferred the alternate use of abandoned quarry and the 25% of the respondents wanted an art and cultural space. The optimum size of alternate use was 5-10 ha (43%) with the requirement of nearby residents (32%). According to the SWOT analysis for abandoned quarry, the strength factors were an effective use of land, the content development of modern industrial inheritance + cultural and art fusion, attraction for nearby city and visitors, a harmony of beauty landscape and clean environment, and a sustainable increase of domestic and foreign visitors with the 5-day-work week. The opportunity factors were the improvement of traffic networks through KTX and local highway, the creation of the new growth engines with the establishment of artistic creation belts, the providing of unique cultural and art space through grafting of tour and education, the creation of local income through stone processed goods, and the vitalization of local development through eco-city. The weakness factors were a psychological remoteness and backwardness, and the weakness of staying tour infra. The threat factors were a poor financial support for sustainable development in nearby quarry and a modify of legal and institutional system for the alternated use of abandoned quarry. The developed restoration models for the alternate use in abandoned quarry are classified to a sculpture park, a waterfall and lake park, a rock-climbing, a sports park + forest park, a native botanical garden, a culture and art park, a complex park, a water storage site, a water storage site to extinguish forest fire, a geriatric hospital, an agricultural facility, and a school site types etc. The results suggest that the alternate use in the abandoned soil and stone quarry is needed to establish facility use models with consideration of user's preference.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.137-155
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• 1999

Recently, Televiewer(Borehole Acoustic Scanner(Televiewer)) has come to be widely used specially for the general engineering construction design. The Televiewer tool using a focussed acoustic beam is to detect the amplitude and traveltime of each reflected acoustic signal at the wall, resulting in the amplitude- and traveltime image respectively. Fractures can be well detected, because they easily scatter the acoustic energy due to the highly narrow beam. In addition, the drilling work will rough the borehole wall so that the acoustic energy can be scattered simply due to the roughness of the wall. Thus, the amplitude level can be directed associated with the elastic properties(impedance) and the hardness of the rock as well. Meanwhile, the traveltime image provides an information about the borehole shape and can be converted to a high precision 3D caliper log(max. 288 arms). In this paper, based on the high resolution of Televiewer images, general evaluation methods are illustrated to derive very reliable rock parameters.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.327-336
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to create a 3D printable snack dish model for the elderly with low food or fluid intake along with barriers towards eating. Methods: The decision was made by the hybrid-brainstorming method for creating the 3D model. Experts were assigned based on their professional areas such as clinical nutrition, food hygiene and chemical safety for the creation process. After serial feedback processes, the grape shape was suggested as the final model. After various concept sketching and making clay models, 3D-printing technology was applied to produce a prototype. Results: 3D design modeling process was conducted by SolidWorks program. After considering Dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) and other survey data, appropriate supplementary water serving volume was decided as 285 mL which meets 30% of Adequate intake. To consider printing output conditions, this model has six grapes in one bunch with a safety lid. The FDM printer and PLA filaments were used for food hygiene and safety. To stimulate cognitive functions and interests of eating, numbers one to six was engraved on the lid of the final 3D model. Conclusions: The newly-developed 3D model was designed to increase intakes of nutrients and water in the elderly with dementia during snack time. Since dementia patients often forget to eat, engraving numbers on the grapes was conducted to stimulate cognitive function related to the swallowing and chewing process. We suggest that investigations on the types of foods or fluids are needed in the developed 3D model snack dish for future studies.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 2014

This work investigated the hydrophobic coating of silicate yellow phosphor powder in the form of divalent europium-activated strontium orthosilicate ($Sr_2SiO_4:Eu^{2+}$) by using an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with argon as a carrier and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), toluene and n-hexane as precursors. After the plasma treatment of the phosphor powder, the lattice structure of orthosilicate was not altered, as confirmed by an X-ray diffractometer. The coated phosphor powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometry and contact angle analysis (CAA). The CAA of the phosphor powder coated with the HMDSO precursor revealed that the water contact angle increased from $21.3^{\circ}$ to $139.5^{\circ}$ (max. $148.7^{\circ}$) and the glycerol contact angle from $55^{\circ}$ to $143.5^{\circ}$ (max. $145.3^{\circ}$) as a result of the hydrophobic coating, which indicated that hydrophobic layers were successfully formed on the phosphor powder surfaces. Further surface characterizations were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, which also evidenced the formation of hydrophobic coating layers. The phosphor coated with HMDSO exhibited a photoluminescence (PL) enhancement, but the use of toluene or n-hexane somewhat decreased the PL intensity. The results of this work suggest that the DBD plasma may be a viable method for the preparation of hydrophobic coating layer on phosphor powder.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

This work was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase on N and P excretion of laying hens excreta. Three hundred sixty ISA Brown layers were selected to investigate excreta excretion for 65 weeks and to investigate the effect of phytase on total excretion and N and P excretion of layers from 55 weeks. The experimental diets were fed the starter (0~5 wk), grower (5~12 wk), developer (12~16 wk), prelay diets (16 wk~first egg), layer diets for starting period (first egg~32 wk), middle (32~45 wk), finishing diets (45~55 wk, 55 wk~). Thirty ISA Brown layers were selected to investigate the effect of phytase supplementation on total N and P excretion of layers at 55 weeks and assigned randomly to 3 treatments groups (10 birds/treatment) and phytase was added to basal diets at 300 and 600 FTU/kg. Average body weight, feed intake, water intake, and excreta excretion were 1,622, 105.7, 187.2 and 124.7 g/bird/day, respectively. Excreta of birds fed phytase were DM (33.2, 31.2, 30.5 g/day), N (0.46, 0.42, 0.40 g/day) and P (0.51, 0.49, 0.48 g/day) and reduced as dietary phytase increased, Finally, dietary phyase can reduce the N and P excretion, but the amount of excreta was not different depending from the phytase addition in layers. This work investigated the N and P excretion of laying hens excreta and were considered that dietary phytase can reduce the N and P excretion for short period.