• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.9C
• /
• pp.880-886
• /
• 2009

Recently, the memory is used in many electronic devices, thus, the many researchers make a study of the memory. To increase a storage capacity per memory block, the researchers study for reducing the fabrication process of memory and multi-level cell memory which is storing more than 2-bits in a cell. However, the multi-level cell memory has low bit-error rates by various noises. In this paper, we study the noise of multi-level cell memory, and we propose the channel model of multi-level cell memory.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.388-398
• /
• 2012

Three-dimensional (3D) memories using through-silicon vias (TSVs) will likely be the first commercial applications of 3D integrated circuit technology. A 3D memory yield can be enhanced by vertical redundancy sharing strategies. The methods used to select memory dies to form 3D memories have a great effect on the 3D memory yield. Since previous die-selection methods share redundancies only between neighboring memory dies, the opportunity to achieve significant yield enhancement is limited. In this paper, a novel die-selection method is proposed for multilayer 3D memories that shares redundancies among all of the memory dies by using additional TSVs. The proposed method uses three selection conditions to form a good multi-layer 3D memory. Furthermore, the proposed method considers memory fault characteristics, newly detected faults after bonding, and multiple memory blocks in each memory die. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the multilayer 3D memory yield in a variety of situations. The TSV overhead for the proposed method is almost the same as that for the previous methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.730-738
• /
• 2022

Based on visual Thinking theory, VR(virtual reality) game changes the traditional form of memory and maps the content into game elements to realize the immersive spatial memory mode. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of game design and system function construction. This paper proposes a hypothesis: with the help of visual thinking theory, VR game is helpful to improve learners' visual memory, and carries out research. The experiment sets different levels of game through empirical research and case analysis of memory flip game. For example, when judging two random cards. If the pictures are the same, it will be judged as the correct combination; if they are different, the two cards will be restored to the original state. The results are analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and AMOS data analysis. The results show that game content using the concept of "Memory Palace", which can improve the accuracy of memory. We conclude that the use of spatial localization characteristics in flip games combining visual thinking can improve users' memory by helping users memorize and organize information in a Virtual environment, which means VR games have strong feasibility and effectiveness in improving memory.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2012

Currently, NAND Flash memory has been widely used in consumer storage devices due to its non-volatility, stability, economical feasibility, low power usage, durability, and high density. However, a high capacity of NAND flash memory causes the high power consumption and the low performance. In the convention memory research, a hierarchical filter mechanism can archive an effective performance improvement in terms of the power consumption. In order to attain the best filter structure for NAND flash memory, we selected a direct-mapped filter, a victim filter, a fully associative filter and a 4-way set associative filter for comparison in the performance analysis. According to the results of the simulation, the fully associative filter buffer with a 128byte fetching size can obtain the bet performance compared to another filter structures, and it can reduce the energy*delay product(EDP) by about 93% compared to the conventional NAND Flash memory.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.11c
• /
• pp.924-927
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we design the memory tester chip set playing an important role in the memory tester as central parts. Memory tester has the sixteen inner instructions to control the test sequence and the address and data signals to DUT. These instructions are saved in memory with each chip such as sequence chip and address/data generator chip. Sequence chip controls the test sequence according to instructions saved in the memory. And Generator chip generates the address and data signals according to instructions saved in the memory, too.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2024

The memory coherence problem occurs while mapping shared virtual memory in a loosely coupled multiprocessors setup. Memory is considered coherent if a read operation provides same data written in the last write operation. The problem is addressed in the literature using different algorithms. The big question is on the correctness of such a distributed algorithm. Formal verification is the principal term for a group of techniques that routinely use an analysis that is established on mathematical transformations to conclude the rightness of hardware or software behavior in divergence to dynamic verification techniques. This paper uses UPPAAL model checker to model the dynamic distributed algorithm for shared virtual memory given by K.Li and P.Hudak. We analyse the mechanism to keep the coherence of memory in every read and write operation by using a dynamic distributed algorithm. Our results show that the dynamic distributed algorithm for shared virtual memory partially fulfils its functional requirements.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.20.1-20.15
• /
• 2020

Memory CD8+ T cells in the immune system are responsible for the removal of external Ags for a long period of time to protect against re-infection. Naïve to memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and memory CD8+ T cell maintenance require many different factors including local environmental factors. Thus, it has been suggested that the migration of memory CD8+ T cells into specific microenvironments alters their longevity and functions. In this review, we have summarized the subsets of memory CD8+ T cells based on their migratory capacities and described the niche hypothesis for their survival. In addition, the basic roles of CCR7 in conjunction with the migration of memory CD8+ T cells and recent understandings of their survival niches have been introduced. Finally, the applications of altering CCR7 signaling have been discussed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 2004

Recently Flash Memory which is small and low-powered is widely used as a storage of embedded system, because an embedded system requests portability and a fast response. To resolve a difference of access time between a storage and RAM, Linux is using disk caching which copies a part of file on disk into RAM. It is not also an exception on embedded system. A READ access-time of flash memory is similar to RAMs. So, when a process on an embedded system reads data, it is similar to the time to access cached data in RAM and to access directly data on a flash memory. On the embedded system using limited memory, using a disk cache is that wastes much time and memory spaces to manage it and can not reflects the characteristic of a flash memory. This paper proposes the regular file access of limited using a page cache in the file system based on a flash memory and reflects the characteristic of a flash memory. The proposed algorithm minimizes power consumption because access numbers of the RAM are reduced and doesn't waste a memory space because it accesses directly to a flash memory Therefore, the performance improvement of the system applying the proposed algorithm is expected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.41-59
• /
• 2016

In archival discourse, social memory has been discussed for some time. Despite this, however, theoretical studies have not been prolific at all in the Korean archival community. Many Western scholars have argued that archivists should consider memory rather than records for archival preservation because the inclusiveness of the former will fill the gaps in the latter. Social memory that is shared and transmitted across generations in society would include the stories of marginalized groups of people who are often neglected in official documents. Archivists can reconstruct the diverse narratives of a variety of social groups based on social memory, and this would be their social responsibility. In this sense, it is archivists who exercise power regarding how history will be written in the future because they determine what would be preserved in archives: mainstream culture with official records or a broader spectrum of diverse stories of people in society. From this perspective, this paper intends to understand how memory is discussed in archival discourse and to review how archives and history are associated with memory in theories and practices.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.1591-1595
• /
• 2018

The number of healthy older adults is rapidly increasing recently owing to the increase of the elderly population. Therefore, programs for improving the cognitive functions of these healthy seniors are actively being expanded. This study aimed to prevent the decline of cognitive function due to aging by applying a program enhancing cognitive functions to healthy older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Korean computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program (CoTras), which is commonly used in cognitive therapy for the aging, on the memory of the elderly. The subjects had scored at least 24 points in MMSE-K. CoTras was applied once a week (30 minutes) for one month. Electronic pegboard programs were used as an evaluation tool: order memory (difficulty=low) and location memory (difficulty=medium). The order and location memories were compared before and after the intervention. The Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test was used for the study at the significance level of ${\alpha}=.05$. The results showed that CoTras significantly improved order memory and location memory. Therefore, CoTras can be applied to the healthy elderly for improving that memory improvement training has a positive impact on healthy older adults result in the development of memory enhancement programs can be expanded in the future.