• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2018

Purpose - In this study, we discuss the current status and barriers of digital transformation focused on small businesses. More specifically, this study consists of two studies. The purpose of study 1 is to investigate the effect of digitization of small businesses on the sales of stores and the number of visiting customers. The purpose of Study 2 is to examine the status and obstacles of online channels use by small businesses. Research design, data, and methodology - In Study 1, we will examine the changes in sales and visitor numbers of stores that are rapidly adapting to digital transformation among small business. For this, we utilize the actual situation of store management survey conducted by the Small Enterprise and Market Service. Specifically, multiple regression equations were used to determine whether blogs and online shopping malls were operating, and the proportion of credit cards to sales as independent variables and sales and number of visiting customers as dependent variables. Next, in Study 2, we surveyed the 15 small business owners in the latest survey on the actual situation of store management survey conducted in 2015, and conducted an in-depth interview to examine the barriers to the use of online channels by small business. Results - As a result of study 1, it is found that the small business who run the blogs have higher sales and visits than the small business who do not. However, there is no difference in the sales and the number of visiting customers between the stores that operate the online shopping malls and those that do not. Second, the higher the proportion of credit cards, the higher the sales and the number of visiting customers. In study 2, we analyzed the barriers to the expansion of online channels by in-depth interviews. Interviews show that barriers to access to online channels are limited by search neutrality, high commission burden, and low bargaining power. These problems are caused by the insufficiency of small business compared to online and mobile portal and O2O platform vendors. Conclusions - This study suggests that small business who have difficulty in establishing direct online channels need digital transformation of small business. In addition, when using such an external platform, we have identified the problems that small business face.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2020

The research has been conducted to explore the combination of three intangible resources, including social capital, entrepreneurship, and resilience capability on the performance of State Capital Enterprises (SCEs) in Vietnam. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied in the study. An in-depth interview of ten CEOs at SCEs in Vietnam was made to explore new indicators for the contextual latent variables in the research models. By employing the data from the authors' survey of 568 SCEs in Vietnam in 2019, using Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis (SEM), the mechanism that social capital impacts on SCE performance has been analyzed. In addition to the direct role, social capital indirectly affects corporate performance through entrepreneurship and resilience capability. It was found that social capital has a larger impact on entrepreneurship than resilience capacity. However, the contribution of resilience capacity to the firm performance is much more than the entrepreneurship's in Vietnamese context. This study enriches the theory by proposing a measurement scale of the contextual latent variables as a result of in-depth interviews with experts using a qualitative analysis technique. In addition, the path analysis findings suggest practical implications for managers to effectively use their resources in SCEs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.102-115
• /
• 2018

The world's major countries carry forward strategies for enhancing industrial competitiveness, resulting in the fourth industrial revolution while a new growth engine is required to deal with the slow growth of global economy and declining productivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution. AI is expected to be implemented rapidly in advertising and media industries. However, it is hard to find an effective way to implement AI in these industries, especially because of how quickly the AI market changes and develops. Therefore, this study seeks the possible industrial influence of AI in advertising and media industries and invigoration plan for AI, by an in-depth interview with 10 professionals who lead the AI market. First, it was analyzed to explore the macroscopic side of the AI market through P (Politics), E (Economy), S (Society), and T (Technology). Also, the applicability of AI in advertising and media industries was explored by analyzing its S (Strength), W (Weakness), O (Opportunity), and T (Threat).The result indicates that it is necessary to build up a nation-wide construction of infrastructure for the fourth industrial revolution to invigorate AI in advertising and media industries. Moreover, a social environment capable of overcoming a hyper-connected society and social risks should be fostered. Lastly, it is urgent for both the industrial and academic world to diagnose the influence of AI in advertising and media industries, to anticipate the future in accordance with technological advance, set a proper direction, to invest actively for technical development of AI, and to formulate innovative policies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.385-398
• /
• 2018

This study aims to explore implications by analyzing voters' behaviors and attitudes of political campaigns & political advertising audience in the 19th presidential election. For this purpose, in-depth interviews with 59 voters who voted in the last election were conducted, and interviewees were allocated by their gender and age. As a result, the motivation to ballot for a candidate was based on the candidates' political affiliations to a party, political inclinations, and election pledges. Voters also determined whom they would vote for after watching the final TV debate. The biggest issue of this election was to create jobs in the public sector, an economical issue. TV was the most trusted medium among the voters, and TV debates had the greatest influence in changing the minds of the voters. Voters thought that Shim, Sang Jung was the best on TV debates and that An, Chul Soo was the worst. Also, voters recalled An, Chul Soo the most among all election posters, but they recalled Moon, Jae In the most out of other political advertisement methods. Therefore, the results elucidated the voters' behaviors and the audience's attitudes in political advertising, and this study provided theoretical and practical implications to be utilized in future presidential election campaigns and political advertising endeavors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.111 no.1
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2022

To raise awareness of carbon reduction in climate change, the Korea Forest Service has developed and adopted a forest carbon offset program, which aims to reduce carbon levels based on forest management. However, to maintain the forest carbon offset program, challenges such as the lack of a forest monitoring system to manage and maintain the program, must be faced. In this context, we investigated the limitations of conducting forest carbon offset programs using a number of interview techniques, including in-depth interview and questionnaire survey methods. The questionnaire surveys were developed based on the results of a literature review along with a preinterview and in-depth survey of the people in charge of the forest carbon offset program. The Irving Seidman technique was adopted for the in-depth interviews. Additionally, descriptive and frequency analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of perception. Lastly, logistic regression was used to identify the limiting factors that affect the willingness to perform forest carbon offset monitoring activity. Results showed that the project managers or people in charge of the forest carbon offset program lacked expertise in forest carbon offset programs, which negatively affected their willingness to perform monitoring activity. Additionally, the study revealed a number of limiting factors that hindered the monitoring of forest carbon offset projects. Improving understanding using the approaches presented in this study may contribute to increasing the benefits associated with the forest carbon offset program in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.561-572
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to understand nurses' lived experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19. Methods: The phenomenological research method was used. The study participants were 16 Korean nurses who had experiences in caring for patients with COVID-19 in clinical settings. Data was collected using one-on-one in-depth interviews, from June 30 to September 30, 2020. During the interview, the quarantine rules were observed. Results: The study derived four themes clusters and thirty-eight sub themes. Four theme clusters were identified, i.e., 'a repetitive sense of crisis', 'enduring a drastic change,' 'sacrifice of personal life,' and 'pride in nursing'. The nurses' experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 were an uneasy, unfamiliar, and threatening experiences for an individual, but it is an opportunity for a nursing organization to renew. Accordingly, it was found that nurses faithfully fulfill their individual roles with a vocation and responsibility. Conclusion: The study provides an in-depth understanding of the situational, psychological, and environmental aspects of challenges facing nurses in the pandemic situation. Based on the findings, institutional follow-up measures should be provided to establish support systems for better nursing care. In addition, studies are needed to track nurses' experiences in the prolonged COVID-19 situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2011

This study aimed to identify efficient methods for the globalization of Korean food in Vietnam. For this, we interviewed owners of 11 Korean restaurants in Hanoi and 9 Korean restaurants in Ho Chi Minh. Due to the rapid economic development of Vietnam, the restaurant industry for the middle class has drastically increased. For the globalization of Korean food, new positioning of Korean restaurants is needed. Research has shown that Korean restaurants need to change their style of management. Although the first generation of Korean restaurant owners managed restaurants as a family business, a new professional management system is now required. Above all, it is necessary to develop and support a comprehensive food culture system in which the menu is suited to the taste of the natives and its recipe is distributed with food material quality control, hygienic control, and operation of a localized management system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.899-911
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the current curricula for the training of textile design specialists. In-depth interviews were conducted with 6 practitioners working in the textile design industry; subsequently, the curricula offered by 20 textile design-related departments at 4-year and 2-year colleges in Korea were used for the data analysis. The results of this study were: First, the problems of textile design education were (1) a limited understanding of commercial designs, (2) an education system concentrated on pattern designs, (3) limited creativity and design expression capacity, (4) limited practical ability and the analysis of collection. Second, most textile design departments at Korean colleges were located in the Seoul/Gyeonggi district and Gyeongbuk/Gyeongnam district. Third, textile material and imagination/expression subjects were a limited part of the curricula; subsequently, a long-term and systematic education system (by college year) was required for the use of basic education subjects. Fourth, there was a shortage of practical subjects in college education despite the perception of commercial designs; in addition, a professional design education (by material and use) were an important part of practical business.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.111-123
• /
• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate distribution of periodontal status and treatment need between smokers and nonsmokers. Methods : Interview and measurement was completed by 82 smoker students and 59 nonsmoker students in Taegu Health College from April 1 to 31, 2001. The community periodontal index of treatment needs(CPITN) was analyzed by percentage. Results : In distribution of CPITN by age, almost all subjects had periodontal diseases except for aged 20~24 years nonsmokers(4%). Smoking 5 cigarettes per a day, up to 10, and above 10 increased 5.3%. 7.1%. and 9.5% in 4 score of CPITN, respectively. In years of smoking, smokers who had above 5 years(13.5%) were higher than below those(6.7%), 20% for smoker who take tooth brushing once per a day had higher than 8.3%(or three in depth of pocket above 6mm. In treatment need, all subjects should take education(or oral health except for aged 20~24 years nonsmokers(4%), 96% of smokers and nonsmokers were need scaling. Conclusion : This study indicated that treatment needs for periodontal diseases and scaling in smoker were higher than nonsmoker those.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understand of the dwelling needs of residents who are interested in Cohousing. To do this, we interviewed 18 urban residents who wanted a community life; investigated consciousness of neighbor relationships; and analyzed their consciousness of Cohousing residences, preference types, and spatial needs. At first the research has revealed that the neighbor relationships of the participants were not very close and that there was a difference in awareness levels between a 'good neighbor' and 'strange neighbor' with regard to neighbors, though all of the participants required a vitalization of these relationships. Second, Cohousing residence types could be divided into the 'life preferred type' and 'space preferred type', depending on the differences of pursued dwelling interests. These could be further segmented into the 'leisure life preferred type' and 'daily life preferred type', 'public space preferred type' and 'individual space preferred type'. Thirdly, preferences for Cohousing types varied depending on differences in priority with regard to important concepts of the social-physical environment (e.g., community property, effectiveness, naturalness, economic feasibility, and individuality). Finally, we found that the greatest needs were for public gardens and exercise space as aspects of the common spaces. Agreements pertaining to special use were considered as most important during the design process of the common spaces.