• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1993

This experiment was performed to develop simple practical methods for short term preservation of rabbit embryos. A total of 55 cross bred does were superovulated by intramuscular injection of PMSG and HCG. Embryos were recovered at 25~30 hrs, 60~65 hrs and 80~85 hrs after mating and selected by morphological examination. Four cell stage, morulae and blastocyst embryos were stored in PBS enrich with 1, 10, 20 and 40% heat-treated FCS at 4, 20, 30 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Embryos were examined morphologically at 24, 48 and 72 hrs following storage. The result obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: The superovulation was induced by PMSG 200 IU and HCG 100 IU. The average number of ovulation points and embryos recovered by collection time were 19.0, 15.6(25~30 hr), 17.3, 13.5(60~65 hr) and 19.2, 14.4(80~85 hr), respectively. And recovery rates of embryos recovered at 25~30 hr, 60~65 hr and 80~85 hr after mating were 62.8%(4 cell), 84.7%(morulae) and 79.6%(blastocyst), respectively. On the other hand, the average number of ovulation points collected by the no, of operations for the repeated collection was 17.3(60~65 hr), 19.2(80~85 hr) in 1st and 9.4(60~65 hr), 10.6(80~85 hr) in 2nd surgery, respectively. There was a significant decrease(P<0.05) in the number of ovulation points the 2nd surgery as compared to the 1st surgery. All of the 4-cell stage embryos stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs showed the same morphology throught the storage period, on the contrary, 4-cell stage embryos stored at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs showed degeneration embryos and stored at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs showed degeneration embryos. Morulae and blastodcyst stored at 4, 20, 30 and 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs showed degeneration embryos. All of the blastocyst stored at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs showed degeneration embryos.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.960-968
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• 2023

The rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin. is used for vomiting and belching by clearing stomach and the sprout is used as tea. Phragmites japonica is similar with P. communis except the color of sheath is purple. This study is aimed to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity, total polyphenol and flavonoids contents of P. communis and P. japonica. The antioxidant activities of fractions from the two Phragmites plants were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity varied with plant parts and extract solvents. The fractions of leaf extract from the two Phragmites plants (4.06±1.32-16.47±1.28%) showed higher antioxidant activity by DPPH assay compared with rhizome fractions of two Phragmites plants (0.00±0.00-14.15±0.07%), these are lower compared with ascorbic acid and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found for rhizome ether fraction, namely 74.95±0.56% and 73.04±1.85% for P. communis and P. japonica, these are higher than BHA. The total polyphenol and flavonoids contents were different with plant parts and extract solvents, likewise antioxidant activity. A significant correlation was shown between DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Considering the results of this study, the leaves and stems of P. communis and P. japonica are expected to be used as natural antioxidants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity, during the storage period, of animal feed and any effects on in vitro rumen digestion by supplementing different levels (5.55, 11.1, and 22.2 g/kg) of freeze dried citrus peel (FDCP) to the feed compared to untreated feed and feed treated with an antifungal agent (AA) at 0.05 g/kg. In a preservation test, feed supplemented with FDCP showed no deterioration over 21 days. Untreated feed and AA-treated feed, however, showed signs of deterioration after 16 days storage. Yellow colour and red colour, measured by spectro chromameter, decreased in the untreated and AA-treated feeds, but not in feed supplemented with FDCP. Aflatoxin was detected in untreated and AA-treated feeds at 16 days (8 ppb and 2 ppb) and 21 days (8 ppb and 4 ppb), but aflatoxin was not detected in the feed supplemented with FDCP. In a second experiment, fermentation by rumen microorganisms of FDCP (22.2 g/kg) and AA (0.05 g/kg) supplemented feeds was studied in vitro. Feeds were incubated with buffered rumen fluid for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were affected by treatment, but ammonia-N, total, and individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not adversely affected by treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that FDCP might be useful for inhibiting microbial growth of animal feed during storage without disrupting rumen fermentation.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2009

감마선 조사 계란의 유전독성학적 안전성을 평가하기 위하여Escherchia coli PQ37 균주를 이용한 SOS chromotest, Chinese hamster lung cell을 이용한 염색체 이상 시험의 in vivo 시험과in vivo 시험으로 마우스를 이용한 소핵시험을 실시하였다. 대사활성계 적용 및 미적용의 in vitro의 모든 시험에서 음성대조군과 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 또한in vivo 시험에서도 시험물질을 투여한 모든 투여군에서 음성대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의적인 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사된 난백 및 난황은 본 시험조건하에서 직접변이원이나 간접변이원으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2006

항산화물에 의한 천식 억제 효과를 확인하기 위하여 항산화정도를 알아볼 수 있는 DPPH, FRAP, hydroxyl radical 소거활성 실험을 high throughput-compatible chemical assay로 디자인하여 해바라기씨 추출물에 적용하여 보았다. 해바라기씨 추출물의 용매에 따른 항산화 효과 중 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화스트레스에 의한 세포사멸을 DW추출물에서 강한 억제능력을 보였다. 이를 이용하여 마우스를 이용한 천식 동물모델에 적용하여 탁월한 천식 억제효과를 $CD4^+$세포, IL-4와 IL-13의 발현정도를 통해 알수 있었다. 해바라기씨 추출물은 천식에 탁월한 효과가 있는 것으로 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험으로 증명하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

Artificial insemination (AI) has been performed widely in swine industry using fresh liquid sperm instead of frozen type of sperm. However fresh sperm are not able to preserve more than three days with optimal motility and other sperm parameters for the successful fertilization, since in vitro stored sperm has an oxidative stress that resulted increase of abnormality and acrosome reation. To overcome these major problems, novel preservative formulation is needed to neutralize the oxidative stress and to provide suitable physiological environment for sperm in in vitro. In this study, naturally derived substances such as Poncirus trifoliate (Trifoliate orange), Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen), pig placenta and testis extracts were tested as sperm preservative agents. Placenta extracts (PE), trifoliate orange extracts (TOE), testes extracts (TE) and mangosteen extracts (ME) were applied to analyze specific parameters for sperm motion characteristics individually and combinatorial. Each individual extract treatment can accelerate the sperm motility but noticeably TOE, TE and ME treatments exhibited the considerable and significant preservation of sperm motility. PE, TE and ME showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ALH after one week. Further we evaluated the five different combinations of these extracts on sperm motility and its motion characteristics. Surprisingly even after one week ME, TOE and TE combination significantly preserved the sperm motility about 75%. It is noteworthy that unlike individual extract treatment, combination of ME, TOE and TE simultaneously protect the sperm motility and its motion characteristics. Taken together these data conclude that addition of ME, TOE and TE can be effective for preservation of pig sperm.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.878-884
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• 2014

본 연구에서 고추장 제조시 발효가 항돌연변이 효과와 in vitro 항암효과에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 고추장 제조 재료인 원료 밀, 1차발효밀, 2차발효밀, 최종발효밀, 고춧가루와 최종발효밀로 제조된 고추장의 Sal. Typhimurium TA100을 이용한 Ames test를 실시하여 MNNG에 대한 항돌연변이 효과를 살펴보았으며, HT-29 인체 대장암세포와 AGS 인체 위암세포의 성장 억제효과를 살펴보았다. 실험한 결과 원료 밀보다 1차발효밀, 2차발효밀보다 최종발효밀이 발효진행에 따라 점차 증진된 항돌연변이 효과와 in vitro 항암효과가 나타났으며 최종발효밀과 고춧가루로 제조된 고추장이 가장 높았다. 15, 30일 발효시킨 고추장이 발효되지 않은 고추장보다 더 높은 항암효과가 나타났다. 따라서 발효과정(기간)이 고추장의 항돌연변이 효과와 항암효과에 중요하게 관련되어 있다고 할 수 있으며 고추장의 주재료인 고춧가루의 capsaicin, 비타민C와 ${\beta}$-carotene 등의 작용만이 아닌 밀에서 온 발효 숙성 중에 많이 증식된 미생물 그리고 발효에 의한 생성된 다른 활성물질이 항돌연변이와 항암 효과에 관련되어 있다고 하겠다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology in which oocytes are retrieved from the antral follicles of unstimulated or minimally stimulated ovaries. IVM of human oocytes has emerged as a promising procedure. This new technology has advantages over controlled ovarian stimulation such as reduction of costs, simplicity, and elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. By elimination or reduction of gonadotropin stimulation, IVM offers eligible infertile couples a safe and convenient form of treatment, and IVM outcomes are currently comparable in safety and efficacy to those of conventional in vitro fertilization. IVM has been applied mainly in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or ultrasound-only polycystic ovaries, but with time, the indications for IVM have expanded to other uncommon situations such as fertility preservation, as well as to normal responders. In this review, the current clinical experiences with IVM will be described.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2006

한의학에서 천마는 여러 치료의 목적으로 사용이 되는 한약재이다. 본 연구는 천마의 항산화활성과 항암 효과를 검증하기 위하여 실시하였다. 천마와 이를 이용한 식음료를 이용하여 항산화활성과 암세포를 이용한 세포의 운동성을 측정하였다. 항산화활성의 경우 DPPH, FRAP, Hydroxyl radical assay를 실시하였으며, 항암효과를 확인하기 위하여 wound / invasion assay를 실시하였다. 실험 결과 천마의 항산화 활성은 매우 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 DPPH / FRAP 실험에서 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 항암효과로 세포의 운동성을 확인한 결과 천마와 제품군 모두에서 세포의 운동성을 억제하는 효과가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 천마는 항산화 효과와 함께 암세포의 운동성을 억제하는 항암효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of failure in in vitro storage of boar semen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be important mediators of such stress. The present study examined the effects of pyruvate and taurine on sperm motility and expression of BAD, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3 and Cox-2 protein in in vitro storage of boar semen, and tested the effect of semen treated with antioxidant with or without hydrogen peroxide on the development of IVM/IVF porcine embryos. Semen samples were transported to the laboratory at $17^{\circ}C$ within 2 hr after collection and were treated with different concentration of pyruvate $(1\~10mM)$ and taurine $(25\~100mM)$ with or without 250uM $H_2O_2$ respectively. The supplementation of pyruvate and taurine increased sperm motility in boar semen during in vitro incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Expression of apoptosis protein (BAD, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and cox-2) were reduced in the group of boar semen treated with pyruvate and taurine when compared to the other groups. The developmental rates of IVM/IVF porcine embryos fertilized by semen treated with pyruvate and taurine were significantly increased when compared to control (P<0.005). These results indicate that supplementation of pyruvate and taurine as antioxidants in boar semen extender can improve the semen quality and increase in vitro development of porcine IVM/IVF embryos when boar semen treated with antioxidants was used for in vitro fertilization.