Browse > Article

Establishing the Genotoxicological Safety of Gamma-irradiated Egg White and Yolk  

Song, Hyun-Pa (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Shin, Eun-Hye (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Yun, Hye-Jeong (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
Jo, Cheor-Un (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Dong-Ho (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Publication Information
Food Science and Preservation / v.16, no.5, 2009 , pp. 782-788 More about this Journal
Abstract
The genotoxicological safety of gamma-irradiated egg white and yolk was examined to ensure that required safety parameters were met, and in an effort to further apply gamma-irradiation for improvement of the hygienic qualities of eggs. Egg white and yolk were irradiated at 20 kGy, much higher than the legally approved dose (less than 5 kGy), and possible genotoxicity was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo tests. The SOS chromotest employing Escherichia coli PQ37, and a chromosomal aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, were performed in vitro with or without metabolic activation (S9). An in vivo micronucleus development test was conducted using mouse bone marrow cells. Negative results were obtained in the SOS chromotest. The incidence of chromosomal aberration in CHL cells and the frequency of micronuclear developmentin mouse bone marrow cells treated with irradiated samples were not significantly different from those of non-irradiated controls. Thus, it may be concluded that up to 20 kGy of gamma irradiation applied to egg white and yolk did not show any genotoxic effects under our experimental conditions.
Keywords
gamma irradiation; egg; genotoxicological safety;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Surai, P.F. and Sparks, N.H.C. (2001) Designer eggs: from improvement of egg composition to functional food. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 12, 7-16   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Schoeni, J.L., Glass, K.A., McMernott, J.L. and Wong, A.C.L. (1995) Growth and penetration of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella typhimurium in egg. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 24, 385-396   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Byun, M.W. (1997). Application and aspect of irradiation technology in food industry. Food Sci. Ind., 30, 89-100
4 Byun, M.W. and Lee, J.W. (2003) Application of irradiation technology for food safety and security. Food Sci. Ind., 36, 25-41
5 USFDA (2000) Irradiation in the production, processing and handling of food. In: FDA Federal Register, 65(141), p.45280-45282
6 Bruhn, C. (1995) Consumer attitudes and market response to irradiated food. J. Food Protect.,., 58, 175-179   DOI
7 Ishidate, M. Jr., Sofuni, T. and Yoshikawa, K. (1981) Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro as a primary screening tool for environmental mutagens and/or carcinogens, GANN Monograph on Cancer Res., 27, 95-107
8 Schmid, W. (1975) The micronucleus test, Mutat. Res. 31, 9-15   DOI   PUBMED
9 Jones, F.T., Rives, D.V. and Carey, J.B. (1995) Salmonella contamination in commercial eggs and an egg production facility. Poultry Sci., 74, 753-757   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
10 Kim, J.W., Kim, H.C. and Hur, J.W. (1998) Quality changes of egg products during storage. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 30, 1480-1483
11 OECD (1997) OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Guideline 474
12 SAS. (2000) SAS User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC
13 FAO/IAEA/WHO (1999) High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. In: WHO technical report series 890. World Health Organization, Geneva. p.49-77
14 Song, H.P., Kim, B., Choe, J.H., Jung, S. Kim, K.S., Kim, D.H. and Jo, C. (2009) Improvement of foaming ability of egg white product by irradiation and its application. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 78, 217-221   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kraybill, H.F. and Whitehair, L.A. (1967) Toxicological safety of irradiated foods, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol., 7, 357-380   DOI   PUBMED
16 Quillardet, P. and Hofnung, M. (1985) The SOS Chromotest, a colorimetric bacterial assay for genotoxins procedures. Mutat. Res., 147, 65-78   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
17 Dean, B.J. and Danford, N. (1984) Assays for the detection of chemically-induced chromosome damage in cultured mammalian cells. In: Mutagenicity testing - a practical approach, Venitt, S. and Parry, J.M.(Editors) IRL Press Limited, Eynsham, England, p.187-232
18 Marzin, D.R., Olivier, P. and Vophi, H. (1986) Kinetic determination of enzymatic activity and modification of the metabolic activation system in the SOS Chromotest, Mutat. Res., 164, 356-359
19 Kim, D.H., Yun, H.J., Song, H.P., Lim, B.L. and Jo, C. (2008) Isolation of egg-contaminating bacteria and evaluation of bacterial radiation sensitivity. Korean J. Food Preserv., 15, 774-781
20 Lee, S.H., No, H.K. and Jeong, Y.H. (1996) Effect of chitosan coating on quality of egg during storage (in Korea). J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr., 25, 288-293
21 Jang, K.I., Park, J.H. and Kim, K.Y. (1999) Studies on Salmonella enteritidis contamination in chiken egg using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 31, 771-777
22 Farag, R.S., Daw, Z., Shallan, M.A. and Ebtesam, A.M. (1994) Biochemical and microbial studies on the efficiency of some coating materials for egg preservation. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 45, 263-273   DOI
23 Mersch V., Mersch-Sundermann, V., Kevekordes, S. and Mochayedi, S. (1991) Sources of variability of the Escherichia coli PQ37 genotoxicity assay, Mutat. Res., 252, 51-60   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn