• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.203-223
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• 2009

The standards for school library in America affected school library policy in US as well as worlds. The America standards for school library established by NEA for the first time in 1920. After the first standard established, America standards revised about 10 times to accommodate educational and technological changes. The Americas new school library standards 'empowering learners: guidelines for school library media programs' established by AASL in 2009. The guidelines are relevant to the 'standards for the 21st-century learner', 'standards for the 21st-century learner in action'. The guidelines expected to affect US as well as school library policy of worlds. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the 'standards for the 21st-century learner' and 'standards for the 21st-century learner in action'. The standard for 21st-century learner offer vision for teaching and learning to both guide and beckon our profession as education leaders. They will both shape the library program and serve as a tool for library media specialists to use to shape the learning of students in the school. The standards for the 21st-century learner in action offer how are AASL's new learning standards, the standards for the 21st-century learner, incorporated into the school library.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.44
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• pp.1-52
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• 2023

Incantations are reflected in the fundamentals of the Daesoon faith system and are, thus, key to its understanding. Jeungsan, the yeonwon (fountainhead, 淵源) of the Daesoon faith, created new incantations or transformed existing ones that had been used in old religious traditions such as Buddhism and Daoism. However, there has been no in-depth academic research on Jeungsan's incantations until now. This study aims to academically clarify the incantatory archetypes of Jeungsan's incantations based on documents published until the 1970s. Jeungsan's incantations are then compared to those of Mugeuk-do (Limitless Dao) in the 1920s and Taegeuk-do (Great-Ultimate Dao) in the 1950s. Jeongsan's transformed incantations are analyzed through this process. Jeongsan reflected the faith system in Jeungsan's incantations during the period of Mugeuk-do. He transformed the incantations to achieve his goal and realize his wishes by arranging terms that referred to himself before the optative words of the incantations. Jeongsan made several changes to the incantations in the 1950s. First, the majority of incantations used in Mugeuk-do were discarded. This meant making partial changes to the faith system by reflecting awareness because the corresponding incantations were no longer necessary as the Degree Number calibrated by Jeungsan had been realized. Second, Jeongsan organized the incantations in use and institutionalized their instructions. This reflected the essential doctrinal system of the Daesoon faith, namely the completion of the true dharma by Jeongsan. Considering this doctrine, that is, the Fifty Year Holy Work (五十年工夫), the true dharma can be presumed to have been realized before the death of Jeongsan. Accordingly, the institutionalizing and organizing of the incantations were indispensable until the mid-to-late 1950s. Jeongsan, the founder of the Daesoon order, posited himself as the successor of religious orthodox lineage and as the figure who would complete the true dharma by realizing the Degree Number calibrated by Jeungsan. Therefore, Jeongsan interpreted Jeungsan's incantations to be a rough sketch of the Daesoon faith system that had been drawn for him in advance by Jeungsan. Accordingly, Jeongsan transformed Jeungsan's incantations and used them to realize the Degree Number, which Jeungsan had planned. Simultaneously, Jeongsan declared that he would fulfill the Degree Number and establish the true dharma by changing those incantations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.135-149
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• 2015

Korean fir(Abies koreana E.H.Wilson 1920), endemic tree species of Korean peninsula, is considered as vulnerable and endangered species to recent rapid environmental changes such as land use and climate change. There are limited activities and efforts to find natural habitats of Korean fir for conservation of the species and habitats. In this study, by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models) based on climate and topographic factors of Korean fir, we developed Korean fir's predicted distribution model and explored novel natural habitats. In Mt. Shinbulsan, Youngnam region and Mt. Songnisan, we could find korean fir's two novel habitat and the former was the warmest($13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature), the driest(1,200mm~1,600mm in annual rainfall) and relatively low altitude environment among Korean fir's habitats in Korea. The result of SDMs did not include mountain areas of Gangwon-do as habitats of A. nephrolepis, because there were different contributions of key habitat environment factors, summer rainfall, winter mean temperature and winter rainfall, between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. Our results raise modification of other distribution models on Korean fir. Novel habitat of Korean fir in Mt. Shinbulsan revealed similar habitat affinity of the species, ridgy and rocky site, with other habitats in Korea. Our results also suggest potential areas for creation of Korea fir's alternative habitats through species reintroduction in landscape and ecosystem level.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.835-849
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• 2013

Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which have founded ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, has standardized High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Standardization of HEVC has started with purpose of twice or more coding performance compared to H.264/AVC. However, flexible and hierarchical coding block and recursive coding structure are problems to overcome of HEVC standard. Many fast encoding algorithms for reducing computational complexity of HEVC encoder have been proposed. However, it is hard to implement a real-time HEVC encoder only with those fast encoding algorithms. In this paper, for implementation of software-based real-time HEVC encoder, data-level parallelism using SIMD instructions and CPU/GPU multi-threading methods are proposed. And we also proposed appropriate operations and functional modules to apply the proposed methods on HM 10.0 software. Evaluation of the proposed methods implemented on HM 10.0 software showed 20-30fps for $832{\times}480$ sequences and 5-10fps for $1920{\times}1080$ sequences, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-54
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• 2005

In this study the tidal area in Seo han bay, North Korea was detected and extracted by using various satellite images (ASTER, KOMPSAT EOC, Landsat TM/ETM+) and GIS spatial analysis. Especially, the micro-landform was classified through the spectral characteristic of each satellite image and the change of tidal flat size was detected on passing year. For this, the spectral characteristics of eight tidal flat area in Korea, which are called as Seo han bay, Gwang ryang bay, Hae iu bay, Gang hwa bay, A san bay, Garorim bay, Jul po bay and Soon chun bay, were analyzed by using multi band of multi spectral satellite images such as Landsat TM/ETM+. Moreover, the micro-landform tidal flat in Seo han bay, North Korea was extracted by using ISODATA clustering based on the result of spectral characteristic. In addition, in order to detect the change of tidal flat size on passing years, the ancient topography map (1918-1920) was constructed as GIS DB. Also, the tidal flat distribution map based on the temporal satellite images were constructed to detect the tidal flat size for recent years. Through this, the efficient band to classify the micro-landform and detect its boundary was clarified and one possibility of KOMPSAT EOC application could be also introduced by extracting the spatial information of tidal flat efficiently.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 2005

The ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy, and its antidiabetic activity has been demonstrated as early as 1920s. Although wild ginseng was anecdotally thought to be superior to cultivated ginseng in terms of pharmacological properties, there have been no prior reports on its improvement of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we figured out whether wild ginseng ethanol extract (WGEE) exerted the preventive effects on high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome as well as treatment effect in ICR mice. In the preventive mode experiment, WGEE at 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited body weight gain $(16\%)$, fasting blood glucose $(37\%)$ and insulin $(37\%)$, triglyceride $(15\%)$, and free fatty acid levels $(32\%)$ when compared to those in high fat diet (HFD) fed control group. WGEE-treated mice at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg improved the insulin resistance index by $55\%\;and\;61\%$ compared to the HFD control group, respectively. In the treatment mode experiment, WGEE also markedly reduced the blood glucose levels (210 mg/dl in control group was lowered to 167 mg/dl).Taken together, WGEE has potential as a preventive and treatment agent for metabolic syndrome and deserves clinical trial in the near future.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.107-117
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• 2019

This paper establishes and propagates the value of the play through the study of the transition process of the yesan play from 1920 to the present, presents an alternative through the unique theatricality of the region and aims to activate it. The theater divided the theater into Yecheon, Chungnam Theater Festival, and Youth Theater Festival, which are currently active, and focused on Yedang International Performing Arts Festival, which is the only one in Yesan. The details of the performance due to the loss of data were not specified as much as possible, but the contents of the yesan play before 1990 were reviewed using the eupji and Myeonji. It also starts with a lack of diversity in plays in the developing direction of Yesan. Children's plays should be dismissed for simple commercial purposes, or the value of traditional Korean plays should be compared to Western ones, to promote the development of local plays through the natural characteristics and the basis of traditional culture, and to sustain the continuity of extreme economic performance and performances through the development of repertoires. Infrastructure deployment can be cited. The in flow of specialized actors and the use of art administrators creates a stable theater environment and activates the reeducation of local actors to promote theatrical imagination. It is also an urgent task to develop a new theatrical form by introducing experimental theatrical methods of young artists in the overseas performance business of theater troupe Yechon. Finally, Yedang International Performing Arts Festival should be characterized and differentiated from other festivals.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2012

The Great War of 1914-1918 had dramatic consequences for all aspects of European society. Academia, and the field of mathematics, was no exception to the changes which occurred following the conflicts conclusion. After the First World War, which left Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria and Turkey defeated, the Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh revisions to the old order. Many new nations emerged and the map of Europe was redrawn. The victorious powers also created the International Research Council (IRC) in 1919, and the International Mathematical Union (IMU) was founded under the IRC' s umbrella in 1920. At that time Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria were excluded from participation and the IMU maintained an open anti-German policy. However, as time passed this policy became more sharply criticized and in 1928 ICM, the nonparticipants were invited to join. Having declined, controversy persisted until in 1931 the IRC was replaced by the International Council of Scientific Unions, and the IMU disappeared for over two decades until it was reestablished in 1951. During the time of the first tenure of the IMU it is argued by many that politics entered into the world of international mathematical cooperation. In this paper we study the real effects the Great War had on the international mathematical community and its mathematicians.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

The Agricultural Experimental Organizations[勸業模範場] in Suwon is Korea's first agricultural promotion facility. It was founded in 1906. This study aim to find the area and spatial composition of 勸業模範場. The results are as follows. When it founded, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was operated centering on the main hall, and then since the pillage of national sovereignty in 1910, it was moved to the jurisdiction of the Japanese Government General of Korea and operated with the addition of the agricultural/forestry school. In 1913, the reductive egg production/distribution was moved from Yongsan branch to Suwon, and reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office were installed in Suwon. It is supposed that at the time, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was divided into the main hall-centered area, the Suwon agricultural/forestry school at the south side, and the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office even more down south. Since 1920, the agricultural/forestry school came out of the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Experimental Organizations, such that the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was left with only the main hall-centered area and the area with the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office. In this study, these two areas are referred to as 'the main hall area' and 'the sericulture area.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.790-796
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• 2004

Ginseng is a shade-loving perennial herb that is cultivated mainly in Korea, Japan, and China. The ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy, and its antidiabetic activity has been demonstrated as early as 1920s. Although wild ginseng was anecdotally thought to be superior to cultivated ginseng as far as pharmacological properties were concerned, there have been no prior reports on the antidiabetic effect of wild ginseng. In this study, we investigated the preventative anti-diabetic and anti-obese effects of wild ginseng ethanol extract (WGEE). In the preventive experiment, WGEE co-administered with a high fat diet significantly inhibited body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in a dose dependent manner. WGEE-treated mice at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg improved the insulin resistance index by 55％ and 61％ compared to the high fat diet (HFD) control, respectively. Diameters of white and brown adipocytes were also decreased by 62％ and 46％ in the WG500-treated group compared to those in HFD fed control mice. Taken together, WGEE has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (and possibly obesity) and deserves clinical trial in the near future.