• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids. IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of l-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5$\alpha$, XL1-Blue, and JMl0l) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter ( $P_{BAD}$) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters ( $P_{trc}$ and $P_{lac}$, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids. Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 roM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from $P_{BAD}$ on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene . production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plasmid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XLI-Blue.LI-Blue.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.80-82
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bamboo Vinegar Liquid(BVL) on performance and meat quality of broiler ducks for 5 weeks. One hundred broiler ducks were divided into 4 groups with S replicates per treatment. Dietary levels of food waste 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% were included in experimental diets. The growth performance and carcass weight of broiler duck fed BVL supplement diets were not significantly different(P>0.05) from the control birds. The lipid content was decreased(P<0.n) by addition of BVL 2% and 4%, whereas the protein was increased(P<0.05). The cholesterol content and TBA in breast meat were significantly(P<0.05) decreased by addition of BVL. palmitic acid of fatty acid composition were decreased by addition BVL 2% and 4% whereas linoleic acid was increased by addition of BVI. 2% and 4%. The odor, appearance and taste of sensory evaluation were improved by addition BVL 1% and 2%. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplemental BVL 1% and 2% may improve the meat quality of broiler ducks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.77-79
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bamboo Vinegar Liquid(BVL) on performance and meat quality of Korean native chicken(KNC) for 8 weeks. One hundreds KNC were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per treatment and placed in pens. Dietary levels of food waste 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% were included in experimental diets. The growth performance and carcass weight of KNC fed BVL supplement diet were significantly different(P<0.05) from the control group. The lipid content, cholesterol content and TBA in breast meat were significantly(P<0.05) decreased by addition of BVL. However, the addition of BVL did not affect the meat color. The saturated fatty acid composition of breast meat was decreased(P<0.05), whereas unsaturated fatty acid was increased(P<0.05) by addition of BVL 1% and 2%. Taste of sensory evaluation was improved by addition BVL. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplemental BVL 1% and 2% may improve the performance and meat quality of KNC. The prevention effect of KNC which challenged with Salmonella gallinarum (1${\times}$10$\^$9/ CFU/ml) was evaluated. A reisolation of S.gallinarum in liver, pathological index of villus and colon were evaluated. There was no reisolation of S.gallinarum in liver and a few pathological index of colon in 4% BVL supplement fed KNC than 1 and 2%. These results indicate that dietary supplemental BVL 4% may improve the prevention effect to salmonellosis in chickens.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.1830-1840
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• 2011

CDISC (Clinical Data Interchanging Standards Consortium) standards are to support the acquisition, exchange, submission and archival of clinical trial and research data. SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model) for Case Report Forms (CRFs) was recommended for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory submissions since 2004. Although the SDTM Implementation Guide gives a standardized and predefined collection of submission metadata 'domains' containing extensive variable collections, transforming CRFs to SDTM files for FDA submission is still a very hard and time-consuming task. For addressing this issue, we developed metadata based SDTM mapping rules. Using these mapping rules, we also developed a semi-automatic tool, named CDISC Transformer, for transforming clinical trial data to CDISC standard compliant data. The performance of CDISC Transformer with or without MDR support was evaluated using CDISC blank CRF as the 'gold standard'. Both MDR and user inquiry-supported transformation substantially improved the accuracy of our transformation rules. CDISC Transformer will greatly reduce the workloads and enhance standardized data entry and integration for clinical trial and research in various healthcare domains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Marine algae is a productive organism that is consumed as a nutritious food. However, large amounts of unused portions of the algae are incinerated as trash or dumped in the sea, causing pollution. Recycling algae is important for saving resources and conserving the environment. In this study, the fucoidan which is a major carbohydrate of marine algae was tested as a source of fertilizer for farming. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth rate of the melon was examined after treating fucoidan and the melon growth factors, weight and length of stem were measured. To discover the mechanism of melon growth promotion of fucoidan, bacteria that decomposed fucoidan were isolated from soil and abalone. Bacillus wiedmannii and Stenotrophomonas pavanii were isolated from terrestrial soil and Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from abalone. Among these three bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. had the highest and most specific fucoidan-decomposing activity. When Pseudomonas sp. was treated with fucoidan on melon-growing soil, the growth of melon was relatively improved compared to the treatment with fucoidan alone. CONCLUSION: We found that fucoidan, the main carbohydrate of marine algae, promoted melon growth. Fucoidan-decomposing microorganisms were isolated from terrestrial soil and marine organism, and we found that these bacteria stimulated the effect of melon growth promotion of marine algae. This is the first report that confirms the fertilizer effect of marine algae and shows the use of bacteria with marine algae.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2015

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise alarmingly because of industrialization of society. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of black ginseng extract (BGE) which was performed panax ginseng. First we examined the inhibitory effects of BGE on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. But there was no practical effects in our observations. We, also, investigate the effects of BGE on glucose uptake of skeletal muscle using 2-NBDG in $C_2C_{12}$ myotube. BGE significantly improved the glucose uptake considered as a lowered blood glucose level. Effects of GBG05-FF on fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse. After injection of STZ, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin rapidly increased. But STZ-induced diabetic mouse treated with GBG05-FF significantly reduced the level of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. This results showed that supplementation of BGE improve the diabetic parameters and BGE have a potentiality as a functional food for Diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2004

The effects of herbal medicine on type 2 diabetic animal model were investigated. Herbal medicine were composed with the addition of Coicis Semen into Okchun-san (OCS). Commelinae Herba into Gangsim-tang (GST). Scrophulariae Radix into Hyunsamsunki-san (HSK). and Erythrinae Cortex into Yukmijihuang-hwan (YMH). We evaluated anti-hyperglycemic and body weight reduction activity in diabetic db/db mice. The experimental animals were divided into six groups. as control group and five sample groups. Each 200mg/kg/day of OCS, GST, HSK and YMH was administered with orally for 14days long. 5mg/kg/day of acarbose was administered with orally for 14days long. On day 14, OCS-treated db/db mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to control group(296±25.9 versus 593±16.4mg/dl. p<0.001). During the 2 h intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), all the sample groups were improved compared to control group but insignificantly. After 14days of extract treatment. body weight in control. YMH and acarbose groups were increased. but OCS. GST and HSK groups reduced. However. it did not significantly lower hemoglobin Alc(HbAlc) in blood of db/db mice. These result suggest that OCS could be effective on insulin-independent type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2020

This research was performed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary mono-component protease (PRO) might improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of eighty-four pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 25.3 ± 2.16 kg initial body weight] were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (7 replicates/treatment; 2 barrows and 2 gilts/replicate) in a randomized complete block design (block = sex). The dietary treatments were prepared as follows; (1) a positive control (PC) as a typical growing-finishing diet based on corn and soybean meal, (2) PC added with 0.015% of PRO (PCPRO), and (3) a negative control (NC) added with 0.015% of PRO (NCPRO). The NC had a lower concentration of crude protein (CP) compared with PC. The PRO was a commercial product that contained 75,000 protease units/g and derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Dietary treatments were offered to pigs during growing and finishing periods. Measurements were growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and carcass characteristics. The PCPRO and/or NCPRO increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during growing (p < 0.10), finishing (p < 0.05), and growing-finishing periods (p < 0.10) compared with PC. Furthermore, pigs fed PCPRO and NCPRO had higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of CP and energy during growing and/or finishing periods than those fed PC. In conclusion, the supplementation of PRO in diets improved growth performance and protein digestibility of growing-finishing pigs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 1996

To effectively utilize fish skin gelatin as a material for quality improvement in surimi gel from fish with a red muscle, conger eel skin gelatin was modified with succinic anhydride, and funtional properties such as emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability were determined. The degree of chemical modification incresed up to 0.3 g of succinic anhydride/g of gelatin, above this adding ratio a nearly constant value was reached. The maximum amount of modification was about 90%. The emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability of gelatin gradually increased up to 89.8% of succinylation extent, little changed above of succinylation extent. The other functional properties as solubility, water holding capacity, foam expansion and foam stability were improved following succinylation with 0.3 g of succinic anhydride/g of gelatin. Amino acid composition of succinylated gelatin was similar to that of unmodified gelatin. Heavy metal contents such as cadmium, lead, copper and zinc of succinylated gelatin were lower than those of unmodified gelatin.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2011

The objective of the current study was to examine associations of whole grain consumption with socio-demographic (i.e.: sex, age, household income, education, marriage status) and certain eating behavior factors (i.e.: dish source, eating place, meal type) among a generally healthy Korean population. Using twenty-four hour recall data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of 8,836 generally healthy Koreans aged 6 years and higher. The study subjects had very low whole grain intake. Specifically approximately 60% of the subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the survey day, and mean daily intake ranged from 8.0 g to 15.1 g in different gender and age groups. Living with a spouse was found to be a positive environment factor for whole grain consumption, especially among men. As household income levels increased, whole grain consumption status also improved. The proportion of non-consumer was lowest in a 6-19 year group, and mean intake amount was highest in middle-aged adults. Major dish sources for whole grain consumption included boiled rice with mixed grains, corn, boiled rice with brown rice, cereal products, and other types of boiled rice. It was found that whole grain consumption was highly affected by eating places rather than meal types. The best contributing eating place was home in each age and gender group. The study findings may be useful in planning nutrition education strategy and formulating dietary behavior guidelines for whole grain consumption improvement.