• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.720-726
• /
• 2010

This study was investigated for quality characteristics of cabbage from two geographic origins during fermentation of kimchi at $4^{\circ}C$ for 50 days. The pH of kimchi made from cabbage of domestic and imported was decreased with increased fermentation period, while total acidity was increased with increased fermentation period In two samples, the best pH was when it became the 10th of the fermentation period. All fermentation period, vitamin C content is gradually increasing, decreasing after the maximum value. And 40 day fermentation period expect that kimchi made using domestic cabbage, kimchi made using imported cabbage had a higher content of vitamin C contents. Hardness and chewiness of two samples decreased during fermentation. Change of hardness was lowed kimchi made using domestic cabbage. The results of sensory evaluation, texture and overall acceptability were higher in both the kimchi made using domestic cabbage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.151.2-151
• /
• 2003

One fungus was isolated from lesions on imported chinese cabbage leaves in process of quarantine inspection from China. The fungus was identified as Mycosphaerlla brassicicola, based on morphology of perithecia, asci, ascospore, and curtural characteristics. In Korea, this fungus has been quarantine fungus, and not yet report to occur. Perithecia of the fungus were globose, dark brown with apical papilate ostioles. The size was 90-100 ${\times}$ 130-135$\mu\textrm{m}$. Asci were bitunicate, 8-spored and 38-43 ${\times}$ 15-l9$\mu\textrm{m}$. Ascospore were irregularly biseriate, hyaline, cylindrical, 2-celled, and rounded at the ends. Optium growth temperature of the fungus was at 20$^{\circ}C$ on PDA but did rarely grow over 24$^{\circ}C$. Colony on PDA was of black aerial mycelia.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 1986

Total 29 commercial crucifer seed lots were tested for seed transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris by seed washing liquid plating assay. One imported cabbage seed lot was found to carry Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Several methods and chemicals for eradication of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in and on the cabbage seed were tested for effectiveness. Soaking cabbage seed in $3\3%$ hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes effectively eradicated Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in a naturally infested seed lot. In a field survey, black rot turned out to be an important disease in cabbage in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2010

In recent years consumers have become used to products geared toward a more convenient lifestyle, thus, the demand for salted-cabbage, for use in preparing Kimchi is increasing. This study aims to investigate purchasing factors, the satisfaction and demands of salted-cabbage, and to ascertain a marketing strategy for expanding the use of salted cabbage in food-service departments of schools. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 131 buying agents who manage food materials for schools, and statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS V.14.0 program. 46.9% of the participating respondents were from elementary schools, 27.7% from middle schools, and 25.4% were from high schools.. Most of the subjects (67.9%) recognized the salted cabbage retailed for foodservice, but 62.3% of these had not purchased them, due to both their lack of trust in the sanitation and raw material handling of the food product, and the high price. Respondents considered different factors when deciding whether or not to purchase: the origin (local or imported) of the cabbage, hygiene, and taste, as well as characteristics such as the cabbage weight, package weight, and package materials. The score of post-behavior intentions as well as overall satisfaction was rather high. Also, they perceived the need of strategic promotion for enlarging the market portion of salted-cabbage. These results will done the guidelines for diversifying the salted-cabbage market and for creating an added value of agricultural products in rural areas.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.401-405
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to estimate the control thresholds (CTs) of imported cabbage worm, Artogeia rapae L., injuring Chinese cabbage. The second instar larvae of A. rapae were inoculated with five density levels on each Chinese cabbages transplanted three weeks earlier under greenhouse condition, and checked injury rates after allowing their feeding for one week and two weeks, respectively. The average leaf area consumed by single larvae was 657.7 $mm^2$ in plots inoculated at three weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 2495.8 $mm^2$ in plots at 6-WAT, respectively. In the field experiment, different numbers of A. rapae ranged from one to seven larvae were inoculated on 20 plants. The percent yield reduction (Y) of Chinese cabbage infested by different densities of A. rapae (X) for a three-week period was estimated by the following equation; (1) Y=1.764X-0.3049 ($R^2$=0.9901) in plots inoculated at 3-WAT; and (2) Y=1.0305X-0.2976 ($R^2$=0.9398) in plots inoculated at 6-WAT. Based on the relationships between the densities of A. rapae larvae and the yield index of Chinese cabbage, the number of second instar larvae which caused 5% loss of yield (gain threshold proposed by Japan), was estimated as 3.0 per 20 plants for the 3-WAT and 5.1 for the 6-WAT.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 2009

This survey was conducted as a surveillance program following the establishment of safety guidelines for agricultural products in Korea. Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) were measured in 421 samples using a mercury analyzer or ICP-MS. The average levels of Pb in mg/kg were 0.021 for rice, 0.020 for corn, 0.028 for soybeans, 0.034 for red beans, 0.025 for sweet potatoes, 0.021 for potatoes, 0.019 for Chinese cabbage, 0.031 for spinach, 0.021 for Welsh onions, and 0.011 for radishes. The average levels of Cd in mg/kg were 0.021 for rice, 0.002 for corn, 0.020 for soybeans, 0.006 for red beans, 0.008 for sweet potatoes, 0.011 for potatoes, 0.007 for Chinese cabbage, 0.035 for spinach, 0.006 for Welsh onions, and, 0.006 for radishes. The average levels of As in mg/kg were 0.103 for rice, 0.005 for corn, 0.007 for soybeans, 0.005 for red beans, 0.005 for sweet potatoes, 0.004 for potatoes, 0.007 for Chinese cabbage, 0.015 for spinach, 0.009 for Welsh onions and, 0.006 for radishes. Finally, the average levels of Hg in ${\mu}g/kg$ were 2.3 for rice, 0.2 for corn, 0.6 for soybeans, 1.4 for red beans, 0.1 for sweet potatoes, 0.3 for potatoes, 0.5 Chinese cabbage, 2.1 for spinach, 0.5 for Welsh onions, and 0.2 for radishes. Based on the Korean public nutrition report 2005, these levels (or amounts) are calculated only at 2.6% for Pb, 8.7% for Cd, 1.2% for Hg of those presented in provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) which has been established by FAO/WHO. Therefore, the levels presented here are presumed to be adequately safe.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2010

This study was planned to monitor the change in the content of sulfur dioxide during the drying process of fresh vegetables. The analysis of sulfur dioxide was conducted by the Optimized Monier-Williams Method based on the Korea Food Code. The samples were kinds of vegetables which consisted of naturally-originated sulfur compounds (green onion, onion, cabbage, garlic, radish leaves, radish). Fresh vegetables (n = 182) and dried vegetables (n = 41) purchased from different local areas were investigated for the content of sulfur dioxide. The fresh vegetables were dried at 50~$60^{\circ}C$ using hot-air dryer. The moisture contents of dried samples were adjusted to keep 10 percents. The contents of sulfur dioxide in self-dried vegetables were 104.6 mg/kg in green onion, 75.4 mg/kg in onion, 129.1 mg/kg in cabbage, 197.6 mg/kg in garlic, 23.0 mg/kg in radish leaves and 52.5 mg/kg in radish, respectively. The increase of sulfur dioxide content according to the moisture content reduction was different from the expected. It means that the contents of sulfur dioxide can be altered by other factors except moisture contents. This results can be utilized as materials for the safe management of sulfites of dried vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.611-617
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the germination and reduction of microbial population in domestic (radish, Chinese cabbage, and vitamin) and imported (radish and red cabbage) sprout seeds by heat treatment (40, 50, 60, and 70$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min or 30 min). The germination ratio (define the ratio) was 45-97% at 24 h after treatment <60$^{\circ}C$ and was decreased at 70$^{\circ}C$. In domestic radish seed, total aerobic bacteria were decrease by approximately 1.71 log CFU/g after heat treatment at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and viable coliforms were decreased to under the detection limit at temperatures over 60$^{\circ}C$. Decrease of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in domestic Chinese cabbage seed was 1.23-1.34 and 2.77 log CFU/g, respectively, after heat treatment over 60$^{\circ}C$. In domestic vitamin seed, total aerobic bacteria were decreased by about 0.3 log CFU/g at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. In imported radish seed, total aerobic bacteria were decreased 2.12-2.30 log CFU/g after heat treatment over 60$^{\circ}C$. Total aerobic bacteria in imported red cabbage seed were reduced by 0.66-0.84 log CFU/g after heat treatment over 40$^{\circ}C$ and coliforms were undetectable. In case of Bacillus cereus, there was no significant difference by heat treatment in any sample. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. were not detected at the detection limit in any tested seeds at any temperature.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 1996

The Number of the disputes originated from vegetable seeds in 1968-1970 under 'Seed and Seedling Law for Agricultural Product)' was 177.: Poor germination was the major one (26% of total disputes), followed by inferior seeds(24.3%), imported seeds(23.7%), and off-type plant(15.6%).During 1976-1995, under 'Administrative Law for Seed and Seedling' the number of disputes originated from vegetable seeds was 175.: 53 in radish, 19 in Chinese cabbage, and 17 in pepper. The type of dispute originated from radish seeds was premature bolting(26%), differences in sowing data(21%), poor purity(19%), micronutrient deficiency(9%), root cracking and branching(9%), poor germination(4%), and damage by disease(2%). In Chinese cabbage, micronutrient deficiency was the major one(27%), followed by poor germination(21%), incomplete head formation(16%), damage by disease(16%), poor purity(10%), and bolting(10%). In pepper, poor fruit setting was the major one(6%), followed by malformed fruits(5%), damage by disease(3%), purity(2%), and poor germination(1%).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of mixed fermented organic fertilizer on chinese cabbage growth and soil properties in order to investigate the nutritional effects of organic fertilizers, which are developed as an alternative fertilizer for imported castor oil cake. In this study, four treatments were set up: 100% and 200% rate of nitrogen application (320 kg ha-1 for Chinese cabbage) on mixed fermented organic fertilizer A(FA) and mixed fermented organic fertilizer B(FB), respectively, 100% rates of the mixed expeller cake (MEC) fertilizer, and the untreated control. Results revealed that the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage increased as more fermented organic fertilizer was used. However, while there were no significant differences in growth characteristics between treatments of 100% rate of mixed fermented organic fertilizer and 100% rate of MEC, the impacts on yields resulted similar. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Chinese cabbage was measured a range of 20-31% depending on the response to treatment. The 100% FA showed the same as NUE and nitrogen absorption with 100% rate of MEC. Regarding soil properties after cultivation, there were no significant differences among the effects of fertilizers in pH, EC, soil organic matter, and available phosphate. However, the content of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg) was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas. Furthermore, the bacterial population density in the soil was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas and increased as more mixed fermented organic fertilizer was used. There were no significant differences in the population density of actinomycetes and fungi when fertilizer was applied to the soil. These results also show that FA, as a alternative organic fertilizer for imported castor oil cake, has similar nutritional effects as that of MEC. Therefore, further research the appropriate amounts of fertilizer is required to achieve economical and eco-friendly nutrient management.