• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried out for the purpose of knowing the effect from anti-arthma action of the abstraction from a extract of Paridis Rhizoma(EPR). In order to know what the effect of controlling an abstraction from Paridis Rhizoma. and about the expression of B cells and Ig E cells, mast cells it was necessary for it to be activated by ovalbumin. Methods : In order to know what the effect was on the organization of cytokine gene expression from The increase and divorce of the B cells and allergic acting by EPR, we found it necessary to examine the BALF. At the same time, as we examined the histamine release by ELISA method, we also examined the effect of EPR. Results : EPR at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, the highest concentration examined did not have any cytotoxic effects on mLFCs. In FACS analysis, number of granulocyte/lymphocyte, $CD3e^+/CCR3^+,\;CD4^+\;and\;CD23^+/B220^+$ in asthma-induced lung cells were significantly decreased by EPR treatment compared to the control group. In RT-PCR analysis, mRNA expression for CCR3, eotaxin and histamine in asthma-induced lung cells, which was induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 treatments, was significantly decreased by EPR treatment. In ELISA analysis, production levels of IL-4, IL-13 and histamine in asthma-induced lung cells, which were induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 co-treatment, were significantly decreased by EPR treatment. EPR treatments significantly inhibited the proliferation of eosinohils prepared from asthma-induced mouse lung tissues compared to the non-EPR treated control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that EPR treatment significantly decreased the levels of eosipnphil activation compared to non-treated cells. Conclusion : The present data suggested that Paridis Rhizoma may have an effects on the inhibition of parameters associated with asthma responses in eosinpophils, and thus implicate the possibility for the clinical application of Paridis Rhizoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2010

Objective : This study was designed to validate the cell trafficking efficiency of the in vivo bioluminescence image (BLI) study in the setting of transplantation of the luciferase expressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), which were delivered at each different time after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a mouse model. Methods : Transplanting donor BMSC were prepared by primary cell culture from transgenic mouse expressing luciferase (LUC). Transient focal infarcts were induced in 4-6-week-old male nude mice. The experiment mice were divided into five groups by the time of MSC transplantation : 1) sham-operation group, 2) 2-h group, 3) 1-day group, 4) 3-day group, and 5) 1-week group. BLI for detection of spatial distribution of transplanted MSC was performed by detecting emitted photons. Migration of the transplanted cells to the infarcted area was confirmed by histological examinations. Differences between groups were evaluated by paired t-test. Results : A focal spot of bioluminescence was observed at the injection site on the next day after transplantation by Signal intensity of bioluminescence. After 4 weeks, the mean signal intensities of 2-h, 1-day, 3-day, and 1-week group were $2.6{\times}10^7{\pm}7.4{\times}10^6$. $6.1{\times}10^6{\pm}1.2{\times}10^6$, $1.7{\times}10^6{\pm}4.4{\times}10^5$, and $8.9{\times}10^6{\pm}9.5{\times}10^5$, respectively. The 2-h group showed significantly higher signal intensity (p<0.01). The engrafted BMSC showed around the infarct border zones on immunohistochemical examination. The counts of LUC-positive cells revealed the highest number in the 2-h group, in agreement with the results of BLI experiments (p<0.01). Conclusion : In this study, the results suggested that the transplanted BMSC migrated to the infarct border zone in BLI study and the higher signal intensity of LUC-positive cells seen in 2 hrs after MSC transplantation in MCAO mouse model. In addition, noninvasive imaging in real time is an ideal method for tracking stem cell transplantation. This method can be widely applied to various research fields of cell transplantation therapy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yijungtang(YJT) on atopic dermatitis in an in-vitro and in-vivo experiment using a RBL-2H3 mast cells and a NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse. Methods: In-vitro experiment, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression were evaluated by a real-time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA and transcription factor as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-kB by western blotting. In-vivo experiment, clinical skin score we evaluated by, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, cytokine level, total number of cell, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of auxiliary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue in NC/Nga mouse. Results: YJT decreased IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production and prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcription factors including GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Fos and NF-kB. YJT oral administration reduced the levels of skin severity scores. It also decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, histamine and IgE in the serum. It elevated IFN-gamma level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant but decreased. $CD3e^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$, $CCR3^+$ in the PBMCs, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$ in the ALN and $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mice were much improved by YJT oral administration. Conclusions: The anti-allergic activities of YJT may be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, through the regulation GATA-2, NF-AT2 and NF-kB transcription factors in mast cells. YJT would be regulate molecular mediators and immune cells which are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-35
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SPDJTK(SoPungDoJeokTangKami) and concurrent administration of AJ(Atopy cream, Jawoongo)+SPDJTK on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by using in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse induced by BMAC-induced mice. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice were evaluated. Moreover, the cytokine level, total cell number, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue were used in NC/Nga mice. Results Orally administrated SPDJTK with concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ decreased the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, serum total IgE & IgG1, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$. Also, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD69+, CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+, CD4+CXCR5+ in ALN, absolute cell number of CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+ in DLN, granulocytes in PBMCs, activation cell number of CD3+CD69+, CCR3+, total cell number of CD3+ T cell in dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis, infiltrated inflammatory immune cell and mast cell in dermis, amount of Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue, gene expression of IL-5, IL-13 mRNA in ALN, CD4+ Th cell in dorsal skin tissue and CCR3+ eosinophils in ALN were all significantly decreased. However, total number of DLN, absolute number of CD3e+ T cell and CD19+ B cell, absolute number of CD4+, number of Th cell in DLN and gene expression of foxp3 mRNA were significantly increased significantly. Conclusions Concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.686-694
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• 2015

Background Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice. Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta ($250{\mu}g$) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-${\beta}1$ expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives: The study aims to look into how the application of EA(Electro-acupuncture) in the initial step of ischemic brain injury affects the changes in Bax and Caspase-3 expression among forebrain apoptosis. Methods: It caused GI by using common carotid artery occlusion and conducted the test by dividing into the no applied EA group after 6 hours and 12 hours, the LI 4 EA group that applied EA to LI4, and GV 20 EA group that was applied to GV 20. After that, the following results were obtained by comparing Bax and Caspase-3 expression, which were apoptosis-related factors, with its application time through immunohistochemical staining after extracting brain of each group. Results: According to each group's Bax expression by the application time, the order of expression increase after 6 hours is shown to be the no applied EA group, LI 4 group, and GV 20 group. The stimulation after 12 hours was most lowly expressed in the GV 20 group, and the no applied EA group and LI 4 group showed similar level. Conclusions: EA stimulation in the initial step after ischemia seems to affect positively Bax and Caspase-3 expression that are index of forebrain apoptosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.619-630
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• 2009

To investigate the hair growth activity of fractions and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma in the hair removed skin of normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model in C57B/6N mice. These experiments were performed with the macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical(VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha}$, TGF and FGF) and RT-PCR(TGF-${\beta}$, IGF, prolactin and placenta lactogen) methods. The results were as follows: Macroscopic observation after topical application of vehicle, 50% EtOH as control and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma to the hair removed skin of C57BL/6N mice on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. Extensive hair growth activity was observed in treated group with extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. In Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the normal mice on 15th day. But in control group, most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma increased expression of IGF(145%) and placenta lactogen(108%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). But expression of TGF-${\beta}$(90%) and prolactin(91%) decreased in the skin of normal C57B/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). After application of fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) of Arisaematis Rhizoma extract for 9th day, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 50% of normal mice. But in control group, hair growth effect was not observed in whole skin area of normal mice. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha$ and FGF in skin of fractions of Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts was strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, cutaneous trunci m., subcutaneous tissue, root sheath compare to control group on the 9th day. In spontaneous alopecia areata model, The hair growth activity of Arisaematis Rhizoma extrat treated group(75%) was observed to be strong compared to control group(O%) on 7th day. These experiments suggest that fractions and extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity. Thus it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

Purpose: Colitis is a condition associated with a spectrum of altered morphologic changes and cellular adhesion. E-cadherin plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue structure and cell-cell adhesion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate E-cadherin expression in colonic epithelium of various colitis in children. Methods: The expressions of E-cadherin were examined in 39 cases of colonic mucosal biopsy specimen using immunohistochemical staining. When more than 50 percent of cells exhibited uniformly the same intensity and pattern of immunostaining as the adjacent normal mucosa, the antigen expression was considered normal. Abnormal expression was defined when less than 50 percent of cells stained, when cells showed a heterogeneously weak or altered distribution, or when complete absence of staining was observed. Results: Fifteen cases with non-specific colitis (38.5%), 7 cases of with Crohn's disease (17.9%), 5 cases of infectious colitis and milk protein sensitive proctocolitis (12.8%), 3 cases of ulcerative colitis (7.7%), 2 cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura colitis (5.1%), one case of Behcet's disease and ischemic colitis (2.6%) were included in this study. E-cadherin expression was decreased in all kinds of colitis. Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 77 percent of cases. E-cadherin was weaker or no expression in reparative epithelium and "ulcer associated cell lineage". Conclusion: Altered expression of E-cadherin occurs during mucosal inflammation in any kinds of colitis. These changes may be involved in promoting cell migration during epithelial restitution of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate whether spontaneous apoptosis has prognostic value among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lung. Materials and Methods : Material from 19 patients who received thoracic irradiation between 1990 and 1994 was analyzed. Their stages were II (1), IIIa (8), IIIb (5), and IV (5). Patients were observed from 5 to 67 months (median : 17 months). The spontaneous apoptosis index (AI) and p53 mutation were measured by immunohistochemical stains. Results : AI was found to range from 0 to $1\%$ (median $0.4\%$). Patients with low AI ($AI{\leq}$median) had a much higher distant metastasis rate at diagnosis than patients with high AI. By analysis of prognostic factors for survival, M stage was significant in univariate analysis. AI, chemotherapy, M stage, T stage, and stage were significant in multivariate analysis. The correlation between the AI and p53 mutation was not seen. Conclusion : AI was related with distant metastasis at diagnosis and not with p53 mutation. Also low AI group tended to have shorter survival time than high AI group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.696-704
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• 2005

This experiment examined the effect of Samultang-gamibang (SGB) on hair growth in spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice. We first investigated hair growth effect of SGB compare to control groups after apply to oral administration for 10 weeks and regional treatment in skin for last 4 weeks. We second investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells after treatment of SGB in spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice for 10 weeks. We third investigated immunoreactive density of neuropeptides in skin of spontaneous alopecia areata C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Hair growing effect of experimental group was observed from 7 weeks after administration of SGB (87.5%). In experimental group, the number of mast cells and eosinophils was significantly decreased compare to control group. Immunoreactive density of substance P and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in skin of experimental group was weakly stained in epidermis and subcutaneous tissue compare to control group. Immunoreactive density of CRF-receptor (CRF-R), CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) in skin of experimental group was increased in epidermis, sebaceous gland, inner root sheath, outer root sheath and secondary hair germ epithelium compare to control group. These results suggest that SGB may be used in treatment of alopecia areata.