• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2016

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a cell surface molecule to initiate a variety of cellular responses through interacting with other cell adhesion molecules in a homophilic or heterophilic manner. Although its expression was found to be upregulated in some tumor cells, including cholangiocarcinomas, and ovarian cancers, and many studies have investigated the role of L1CAM in these cancers, its role in inflammatory responses has been poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of L1CAM in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. L1CAM significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), but induced cell proliferation in RAW264.7 cells. L1CAM expression was detectable, but its expression was markedly decreased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS was dramatically suppressed by L1CAM in RAW264.7 cells. L1CAM inhibited the transcriptional activities of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 while its cytoplasmic domain deletion form, $L1{\Delta}CD$ did not suppressed their activities in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, L1CAM suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 as well as c-Jun, c-Fos and p-ATF2 which are transcription factors of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1, respectively. In conclusion, L1CAM suppressed inflammatory responses in macrophages through inhibiting NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4671-4675
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• 2016

Background and aim: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an overall 5-year survival of <5% mainly due to presence of advanced disease at time of diagnosis. Therefore development of valid biomarkers to diagnose pancreatic cancer in early stages is an urgent need. This study concerned the sensitivity and specificity of serum ICAM 1 versus CA 19-9 in differentiation between pancreatic cancer and healthy subjects and acohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis with a focus on assessing validity in diagnosis of early stages of pancreatic cancer. Methods: A cohort of 50 patients with histologically diagnosed pancreatic tumors, 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum samples for measurement of CA19-9 and I-CAM 1 were obtained from all groups and analyzed for significance regarding diagnosis and disease stage. Results: At a cut off value of (878.5 u/ml) I-CAM 1 had 82% and 82.26% sensitivity and specificity for differentiation between cancer and non-cancer cases, with higher sensitivity and specificity than CA19-9 at different cut offs (CA19-9 sensitivity and specificity ranged from 64-80% and 56.4 - 61.2% respectively). The AUC was 0.851 for I-CAM and 0.754 for CA19-9. Neither of the markers demonstrated significance for distinguishing between early and late cancer stages. Conclusion: ICAM 1 is a useful marker in differentiation between malignant and benign pancreatic conditions, and superior to CA19-9 in this regard. However, neither of the markers can be recommended for use in differentiation between early and late stage pancreatic cancers.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1678-1681
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• 2005

The disk cam mechanism cam produce a positive motion with a relatively few components. In the present paper a shape design of cam using the relative velocity method and the machining information analysis using the circular interpolation are introduced. In the first part of the paper a machining information at each point using the circular interpolation is taken. This study purposes the analysis method of the cutting error due to the moving path of the cutter, so that we can lead to the optimum design in a disk cam mechanism..

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.878-885
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• 2022

Research in the field of computer vision based on deep learning is being actively conducted. However, deep learning-based models have vulnerabilities in adversarial attacks that increase the model's misclassification rate by applying adversarial perturbation. In particular, in the case of FGSM, it is recognized as one of the effective attack methods because it is simple, fast and has a considerable attack success rate. Meanwhile, as one of the efforts to visualize deep learning models, Grad-CAM enables visual explanation of convolutional neural networks. In this paper, I propose a method to generate adversarial examples with high attack success rate by applying Grad-CAM to FGSM. The method chooses fixels, which are closely related to labels, by using Grad-CAM and add perturbations to the fixels intensively. The proposed method has a higher success rate than the FGSM model in the same perturbation for both targeted and untargeted examples. In addition, unlike FGSM, it has the advantage that the distribution of noise is not uniform, and when the success rate is increased by repeatedly applying noise, the attack is successful with fewer iterations.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

In this paper, we develop a six-axes machining center tool(MCT) and CAD/CAM system based RAD Tool Program. The MCT consists of two mechanical parts, i.e., a X-Y-Z Cartesian coordinate typed MCT and a parallel-typed tilting table. Kinematics and singularity are accomplished to design the parallel-typed tilting table, and RAD Tool Program Is developed for the six-axes MCT, which requires the commands of position as well as orientation for machining of complex shape. In RAD Tool, the CAD/CAM system has a tool path generator, NC code generator and a graphic simulator. This paper designs the parallel-typed tilting table to meet the desired specification and presents the results of CAD/CAM system based RAD Tool Program.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.734-739
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• 2001

In this paper, we develop a six-axes machining center tool(MCT) and CAD/CAM system. The MCT consists of two mechanical parts, i.e., a X-Y-Z Cartesian coordinate typed MCT and a parallel-typed tilting table. Kinematics and singularity are accomplished to design the parallel-typed tilting table, and CAD/CAM system is developed for the six-axes MCT, which requires the commands of position as well as orientation for machining of complex shape. The CAD/CAM system has a tool path generator, a NC code generator and a graphic simulator. This paper designs the parallel-typed tilting table to meet the desired specification and presents the results of tool path, NC code and graphic simulation.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.235-236
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• 2006

The disk cam mechanism can produce a positive motion with relatively few components. This paper introduce a shape design of cam using the relative velocity method and a precision machining technology for using Bi-arc method. The paper gives a machining information at each point using the Bi-arc method and the analysis method of the cutting error due to the moving path of the cutter, so that we can lead to the optimum design in a disk cam mechanism.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.280-285
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• 2002

Copy machines have been used in the 3 dimensional shape machining like the non-sphere surface. This study is intended to show the possibility of manufacturing of a non-sphere shape without a exclusive CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing) software in the process of metallic mold. It has been examined under the two types of working conditions. One is a cutting by manual programming and the other is a cutting by a general-purpose CAM software. Two kinds of output data were compared and analyzed, and data by a manual program were discovered more accurate than those of a general-purpose CAM software. In this study, I came to a conclusion it is possible to manufacture a 3 dimensional shape without a exclusive CAM software.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Centrifugal pumps consume considerable amounts of energy in various industrial applications. Therefore, improving the efficiency of pumps machine is a crucial challenge in industrial world. This paper presents numerical investigation of flow characteristics in volutes of centrifugal pumps in order to compare the energy consumption. A wide range of volumetric flow rate has been investigated for each case. The standard k-${\varepsilon}$ is adopted as the turbulence model. The impeller rotation is simulated employing the Multi Reference Frames(MRF) method. First, two different conventional design methods, i.e., the constant angular momentum(CAM) and the constant mean velocity (CMV) are studied and compared to a baseline volute model. The CAM volute profile is a logarithmic spiral. The CMV volute profile shape is an Archimedes spiral curve. The modified volute models show lower head value than baseline volute model, but in case of efficiency graph, CAM curve has higher values than others. Finally for this part, CAM curve is selected to be used in the simulation of different cross-section shape. Two different types of cross-section are generated. One is a simple rectangular shape, and the other one is fan shape. In terms of different cross-section shape, simple rectangular geometry generated higher head and efficiency. Overall, simulation results showed that the volute designed using constant angular momentum(CAM) method has higher characteristic performances than one by CMV volute.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

정보의 바다에 살고 있는 지금 사람들은 더 신속하고, 정확한 정보에 대한 욕구가 강하게 나타나고 있다. 오래전부터 사람들은 내가 있는 곳과 내가 가야될 곳에 대한 정보를 알고 싶어 했으며, 이러한 위치정보에 대한 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 방법은 다양하게 존재한다. 그 중 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 장비가 디지털 카메라이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 UltraCamX 카메라를 이용하여 다양한 지역적 특색을 가진 연구대상지 3곳을 선정하여 각각에 대한 블록조정을 실시 한 후 지역적 특성과 지상기준점의 분포에 대한 외부표정요소, 지상기준점과 검사점의 정확도를 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과, 산악지역이 포함된 지역은 기준점의 수가 감소함에 따라 외부표정요소의 정확도가 급격히 감소하였으며, 고층건물이 밀집해 있는 지역에서는 검사점의 수직 정확도가 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 연구를 통하여 AT분석 시 정확도에 영향을 미치는 지역적 인자들에 대한 분석이 수행되었다.