• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2002

The chemistry of secondary products from Acanthopanax species and their pharmacological activities were reviewed. A nitrogenous compound, a furan compound, a quinoid, benzoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, polyacetylenes, a pyrimidine, cyclitols, monosaccharides and an aliphatic alcohol have been isolated from Acanthopanax species and have been shown to have various levels of activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-gout, anti-hepatitis, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanicidic, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-xanthine oxidase, choleretic, hemostatic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulatory and radioprotectant effects, etc.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

담즙산은 cholesterol의 대사산물로 체내에서 cholesterol을 제거하는 주경로로서, 체내 cholesterol 대사를 조절하는 중요한 수단이다. 최근에 복합담즙산 분해활력이 높은 L. acidophilus에 의한 혈중 cholesterol 저하효과에 관한 많은 연구들이 보고되고 있으며, 이것은 복합담즙산의 분해로 생성되는 유리 담즙산의 분 배출 증가와 장내 cholesterol 흡수에 필요한 복합 micelle 형성의 방해에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 즉, 유리 담즙산은 장내에서 복합담즙산보다 용해성이 낮아서 흡수되지 않고 분으로 배출되기 쉬워, 간에서는 분으로 배출된 양만큼의 부족한 복합담즙산을 보충하기 위해 cholesterol을 이용하여 새로운 복합담즙산을 생성하기 때문에 결국은 체내의 혈중 cholesterol 수준을 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 담즙으로 분비되는 복합담즙산은 소장내에서 cholesterol의 용해 흡수에 도움을 주지만 유리 담즙산은 cholesterol 용해성이 낮기 때문에, 장내 cholesterol 흡수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2018

Chylomicron retention disease, also known as Anderson's disease, is a rare hereditary hypocholesterolemic disorder, recessive inherited, characterized by nonspecific symptoms as abdominal distension, steatorrhea, and vomiting associated with failure to thrive. We describe a patient with failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea and steatorrhea who the diagnosis of chylomicron retention disease was established after several months of disease progression. The genetic study confirmed a homozygosity mutation in SAR1B gene, identifying a mutation never previous described [c.83_84delTG(p.Leu28Argfs*7)]. With this case report the authors aim to highlight for this very rare cause of failure to thrive and for the importance of an attempting diagnosis, in order to start adequate management with low fat diet supplemented with fat-soluble vitamins, reverting the state of malnutrition and avoiding possible irreversible and desvantating complications.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.747-751
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• 2004

콜레스테롤 식이로 유발시킨 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에 유산균 발효유(요구르트) 및 해양식물인 함초(Salicornia herbacea) 추출물 첨가 유산균 발효유(함초 요구르트)를 식이중에 5% (w/w)수준으로 첨가하여 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 동맥경화 지수(atherogenic index)도 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 함초 요구르트 및 요구르트 식이군에서 각각 유의적으로 감소하여 항동맥경화 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 함초 요구르트에 의한 콜레스테롤 감소 효과는 콜레스테롤로부터 담즙산 합성 증가에 의한 혈청 중의 담즙산 농도 증가와 장내 흡수 저해에 의한 분변 중으로의 증가에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 함초 요구르트 식이군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈당치는 함초 요구르트 식이에서만 유의적으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과로부터 함초 추출물 첨가 요구르트는 혈청 콜레스테롤 감소에 의한 항동맥경화 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 해양식물 유래 신기능성 식품 개발 가능성이 대두되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.490-495
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• 1992

본 실험에서는 혈장 lipoprotein의 콜레스테롤 및 지질에 대한 비타민 E의 하강효과를 비타민 E 비급이 및 비타민 E 급이(700IU/kg diet)와 콜레스테롤 급이(2%/kg diet)의 순서를 바꾼 경우와 양자를 동시에 급이한 4개 실험군으로 나누어 비교분석하였다. 비타민 E의 콜레스테롤 및 지질하강효과는 비타민 E 급이시 높았으며 특히, 콜레스테롤 급이후에 따른 비타민 E의 급이효과가 더욱 뚜렷하엿다. 이러한 효과는 혈장 lipoprotein내 콜레스테롤과 비타민 E의 농도비를 비교함으로서도 분명하였다. 그러나 콜레스테롤과 비타민 E의 동시급이인 경우에는 콜레스테롤 흡수에 대한 비타민 E의 상승효과를 보였다. HDL/LDL 콜레스테롤의 상관비에 대한 비타민 E의 효과 역시 충분한 비타민 E의 존재하에서 높아짐을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.430-434
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• 1989

알팔파 뿌리에서 사포닌을 추출, 단리하여서, 콜레스테롤 무첨가식이에 0.2% 및 0.4% 첨가군과 콜레스테롤 첨가식이에 0.4% 군을 설정, 80g 전후의 Wistar계 흰쥐수컷에 21일간 급여하였다. 그 결과 혈청지질과 분중지질 배설량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 알팔파 사포닌중 Medicagenic acid함량은 36.4%이었다. 2. 알팔파 사포닌 급여에 의하여 분중 콜레스테롤 배설량은 증가하였으나, 담즙산은 증가하지 않았다. 3. 알팔파 사포닌은 콜레스테롤 첨가, 무첨가식이에서 0.4%첨가에 의해 혈청콜레스테롤 저하작용을 나타내었지만, 0.2% 첨가에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 4. 사포닌의 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하작용은 소화관내에서의 콜레스테롤 흡수저하에 기인되는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3;1{\rightarrow}6)$-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.