• 제목/요약/키워드: host factors

검색결과 540건 처리시간 0.023초

달걀버섯 발생지의 환경특성 분석 (Analysis of Environmental Characteristics in Habitat of Amanita hemibapha)

  • 서홍덕;허태철;정성철;주성현;박현
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2011
  • 달걀버섯과 환경인자와의 관계를 구명하고자 광양, 청도, 대구 3곳에서 토양의 이화학적 특성, 식물상, 버섯상을 조사하여 비교 분석을 하였다. 달걀버섯 발생지의 토양은 모래의 비율이 높은 사질양토, 식양토로 나타났고, 토양 pH는 5.0전후로 나타나 달걀버섯이 호산성균임을 알 수 있었다. 토양유효인산은 우리나라의 산림토양보다 낮은 1.57~2.99 ppm으로 인산의 가용화가 이뤄지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 전 질소는 0.09~0.34%로 대구지역이 가장 낮게 나타났고, 탄질율 16.3~18.5로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 양이온 치환용량은 광양과 청도지역이 유사한 수치를 나타냈으며 대구지역이 비교적 낮게 측정되었으며 11.62~19.36 $cmol^+$/kg의 범위를 나타냈고, 치환성양이온 중 $Ca^{2+}$는 광양과 청도지역이 비슷하며 대구지역보다 높게 나타났으며, $Mg^{2+}$는 비교적 높은 수치를 나타낸 대구, 청도, 광양 지역 순이며, $K^+$는 광양, 청도, 대구지역 순으로 크게 차이가 나지 않았다. $Na^+$ 역시 3곳 모두 비슷한 수치를 나타냈으며 그 중, 청도지역 수치가 가장 높았다. 범위는 $Ca^{2+}$ 1.21~2.3 $cmol^+$/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 0.35~0.89 $cmol^+$/kg, $K^+$ 0.24~0.29 $cmol^+$/kg, $Na^+$ 0.18~0.21 $cmol^+$/kg로 나타났다. 이러한 영양물질과 탄수화물은 균근성 버섯이 식물과 직접적인 관계를 맺고 있으므로 식물, 토양, 균근의 여러 조건에 따라 그 수치가 유동적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 조사지역의 주요 식물로는 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 서어나무, 소나무 등이 나타났으며, 발생지 3곳 공통으로 참나무류가 관찰되었다. 조사지역의 버섯은 광양 8과 12종, 청도 8과 12종, 대구 조사지역에서 5과 10종이 발견되었으며, 달걀버섯과 같은 균근성 버섯으로는 마귀광대버섯, 그물버섯, 쓴맛그물버섯 등이 발견되었다. 식물상과 버섯상을 토대로 달걀버섯과의 상응분석 결과, 달걀버섯의 기주식물로는 활엽수인 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 서어나무, 굴참나무 등으로 추정할 수 있으며, 균근성 버섯인 청머루무당버섯, 마귀광대버섯, 뱀껍질광대버섯, 수원무당버섯과 유사한 기주식물을 가지는 것으로 추정된다.

Implementation of Fuzzy Self-Tuning PID and Feed-Forward Design for High-Performance Motion Control System

  • Thinh, Ngo Ha Quang;Kim, Won-Ho
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.136-144
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    • 2014
  • The existing conventional motion controller does not perform well in the presence of nonlinear properties, uncertain factors, and servo lag phenomena of industrial actuators. Hence, a feasible and effective fuzzy self-tuning proportional integral derivative (PID) and feed-forward control scheme is introduced to overcome these problems. In this design, a fuzzy tuner is used to tune the PID parameters resulting in the rejection of the disturbance, which achieves better performance. Then, both velocity and acceleration feed-forward units are added to considerably reduce the tracking error due to servo lag. To verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the hardware configuration includes digital signal processing (DSP) which plays the main role, dual-port RAM (DPRAM) to guarantee rapid and reliable communication with the host, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to handle the task of the address decoder and receive the feed-back encoder signal, and several peripheral logic circuits. The results from the experiments show that the proposed motion controller has a smooth profile, with high tracking precision and real-time performance, which are applicable in various manufacturing fields.

Weathering and Degradation Assessment of Rock Properties at the West Stone Pagoda, Gameunsaji Temple Site, Korea

  • Lee, Chan Hee;Lee, Myeong Seong;Kim, Jiyoung
    • Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2012
  • The West Stone Pagoda at Gameunsaji Temple Site constructed in the 7th century is mainly composed of dark grey dacitic tuff bearing small numerous dioritic xenoliths. These xenoliths resulted in small holes due to differential weathering process from the host rocks. Physical strength of the pagoda was decreased due to weathering and damage caused by petrological, biological and coastal environmental factors. The southeastern part of the pagoda was extremely deteriorated that the rock surface showed exfoliation, fracture, open cavity, granular decomposition of minerals and salt crystallization by seawater spray from the eastern coast. The stone blocks were intersected by numerous cracks and contaminated by subsequent material such as cement mortar and iron plates. Also, the pagoda was colonized by algae, fungi, lichen and bryophytes on the roof rock surface and the gaps between the blocks. As a result of ultrasonic test, the rock materials fell under Highly Weathered Grade (HW) or Completely Weathered Grade (CW). Thus, conservational intervention is essentially required to prevent further weakening of the rock materials.

AHP를 이용한 의료관광 단계별 상품개발의 중요도 분석 (Analysis of Importance of Development of Medical and Combined Products Using AHP)

  • 유태규
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2018
  • 국내 의료관광산업은 지난 2009년 외국인환자유치지원법 도입 이후 해외환자 유치기관과 유치업체, 정부의 노력으로 매년 30만명 이상의 해외환자가 한국을 방문하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 성과에도 불구하고 상품개발의 한계상황에 직면하고 있으며 그에 따른 환자모객 증가속도가 둔화되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 의료관광서비스의 각 단계별 상품개발의 주요 요인에 대한 계층분석(AHP)을 통해 다양한 상품개발의 중요성과 그 의미를 제시함으로써 향후 국내 의료관광산업의 상품개발 방향성을 제시하고자 한다.

다구찌 직교배열법을 이용한 포뮬러 레이스카 전륜 업라이트의 최적설계 (Optimal Design of the Front Upright of Formula Race Car Using Taguchi's Orthogonal Array)

  • 장운근
    • 한국생산제조학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2013
  • Formula race car is generally recognized as a vehicle which is optimally designed for on-road race track with the regulations of race host bodies. Especially, the uprights of suspension system decisively have effects on the performance of cornering and stability of race car's driving performance, which are very important factors in the design of race car. This paper is a study of optimal upright design of F1800 grade formula race car which are normally used in professional race circuit in Korea. To design optimally the front upright of F1800 formula race car, Taguchi's orthogonal array, which is known for more useful method than full factorial design experimental method in cost and time, is used with CAE method such as FEM analysis. And the result of this paper shows that Taguchi's orthogonal array employed for this optimal design is very useful for designing the front upright of race car by minimizing its weight as well as keeping its safety factor as enough as designer wants in the view of quality, cost and delivery at the early design step.

Degradation of Insect Humoral Immune Proteins by the Proteases Secreted from Enterococcus faecalis

  • Park, Shin-Yong;Kim, Koung-Mi;Kim, Ik-Soo;Lee, Sang-Dae;Lee, In-Hee
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2006
  • Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the body fluid of dead Galleria mellonella larvae. Upon injection of E. faecalis into the hemocoel of G. mellonella, the bacteria destroyed parts of humoral defense systems in the hemolymph. In a test for the proteolytic activity of E. faecalis CS, it was confirmed that the enzyme degraded three well-known a-helical antimicrobial peptides, cecropin A, melittin and halocidin, and abolished their activities. We also determined putative cleavage sites on the primary sequences of three peptides through purification and mass analysis of peptide fragments digested by E. faecalis CS. Furthermore it was found that apolipophorin-III, recently known as a critical recognition protein for invading microbes in the hemolymph of G. mellonella, was also degraded by E. faecalis CS. Taken together, the present work shows that the protease in secretions from E. faecalis destroyed two critical humoral immune factors in the hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae. In addition, this paper demonstrates that the relationship between the host insect and the pathogenic bacteria might provide a valuable model system to study the enterococcal virulence mechanism, which may be relevant to mammalian pathogenesis.

잡음 환경 하에서의 전기-역학적 임피던스 기반 조류발전 구조물의 장기 건전성 모니터링 (Impedance-based Long-term Structural Health Monitoring for Tidal Current Power Plant Structure in Noisy Environments)

  • 민지영;심효진;윤정방;이진학
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2011
  • In structural health monitoring (SHM) using electro-mechanical impedance signatures, it is a critical issue for extremely large structures to extract the best damage diagnosis results, while minimizing unknown environmental effects, including temperature, humidity, and acoustic vibration. If the impedance signatures fluctuate because of these factors, these fluctuations should be eliminated because they might hide the characteristics of the host structural damages. This paper presents a long-term SHM technique under an unknown noisy environment for tidal current power plant structures. The obtained impedance signatures contained significant variations during the measurements, especially in the audio frequency range. To eliminate these variations, a continuous principal component analysis was applied, and the results were compared with the conventional approach using the RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) and CC (Cross-correlation Coefficient) damage indices. Finally, it was found that this approach could be effectively used for long-term SHM in noisy environments.

자가 면역 (Autoimmunity)

  • 김중곤
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제50권12호
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    • pp.1165-1172
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    • 2007
  • Self/non-self discrimination and unresponsiveness to self is the fundamental properties of the immune system. Self-tolerance is a state in which the individual is incapable of developing an immune response to an individual's own antigens and it underlies the ability to remain tolerant of individual's own tissue components. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the tolerant state. They can be broadly classified into two groups: central tolerance and peripheral tolerance. Several mechanisms exist, some of which are shared between T cells and B cells. In central tolerance, the recognition of self-antigen by lymphocytes in bone marrow or thymus during development is required, resulting in receptor editing (revision), clonal deletion, anergy or generation of regulatory T cells. Not all self-reactive B or T cells are centrally purged from the repertoire. Additional mechanisms of peripheral tolerance are required, such as anergy, suppression, deletion or clonal ignorance. Tolerance is antigen specific. Generating and maintaining the self-tolerance for T cells and B cells are complex. Failure of self-tolerance results in immune responses against self-antigens. Such reactions are called autoimmunity and may give rise to autoimmune diseases. Development of autoimmune disease is affected by properties of the genes of the individual and the environment, both infectious and non-infectious. The host's genes affect its susceptibility to autoimmunity and the environmental factors promote the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, developing the autoimmunity. The changes in participating antigens (epitope spreading), cells, cytokines or other inflammatory mediators contribute to the progress from initial activation to a chronic state of autoimmune diseases.

도시민의 은퇴 후 농촌정주에 대한 수요분석 (A Demand Analysis on Urbanites' Retired Life in the Countryside)

  • 윤순덕;박공주
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2006
  • Recently, due to the growing concern of the public in rural amenities and hobby farming works, much more urbanites, especially near-retirees, have been interested in rural life style than before. However, in spite of popular preference to ruralities, little has been known about their demand on retired rural life. Therefore, this study examined urbanites' attitude to preparatory works for out-migration, preferred residential site conditions and life style in the countryside. For this purpose, data were collected from a survey with the sample of 386 urban residents aged 40 to 65 rho hoped moving into the countryside after retirement, through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical works were performed using SPSS/PC windows program. The major findings of this study were as follows; (1) Host of urbanites, who answered in this study, planned to prepare ex-urban movement in their fifties and to put into practice in their sixties. (2) Key factors of location decision on movement were proximity/accessibility to centre city, medical service level, and distance to their family or friends. And about a half of respondents wanted second home in the countryside. (3) Most favoured rural life styles were nature-friendly well-being and hobby/healthy firming. Generally, the respondents of this survey had the positive attitude to do works in their later life, especially preferred to farming and volunteering in their communities.

A Study on the AoA Based Defense Decision Making

  • Lee, Kyoung Haeng;Kwon, Yong Soo
    • 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2011
  • This work describes a study on the Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) based defense decision making. Future battle-space is transformed into a System of Systems (SoS) concept which is accomplished missions and their functions through network based battle management systems under forming their grids of various sensors and shooters in a single theater. The acquisition process is, therefore, changing over from single system requirements to capabilities based acquisition of SoS. AoA help to justify the need for starting, stopping, or continuing an acquisition program. AoA identify potentially viable solutions and provide comparative cost, effectiveness, and risk assessments of each solution to a baseline. The decision making must consider not only cost-effectiveness, risk, and military worth, but also domestic policy, foreign policy, technological maturity of the solution, the environment, the budget, treaties, and a host of additional factors. In this point of view, this paper analyzes AoA template which are critical elements of the defense decision making. From results of this analysis of AoA template for Korean acquisition environment are presented.