• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.535-559
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• 2022

The notions of cubic intuitionistic fuzzy set to filters and implicative filters of BE-algebras are introduced. Relations between cubic intuitionistic fuzzy filters with cubic intuitionistic fuzzy implicative filters of BE-algebras are investigated. The homomorphic image and inverse image of cubic intuitionistic fuzzy filters are studied and some related properties are investigated. Also, the product of cubic intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebras (implicative filters) of BE-algebras are investigated.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

In [2, 7.3.2], the set of attached prime ideals of local cohomology module $H_m^n(M)$ were calculated, where (A, m) be Noetherian local ring, M finite A-module and $dim_A(M)=n$, and also in the special case in which furthermore A is a homomorphic image of a Gornestien local ring (A', m') (see [2, 11.3.6]). In this paper, we shall obtain this set, by another way in this special case.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.499-509
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• 2000

In [9], the concept of fuzzy sets is applied to the theory of Ζ-ideals in a BCI-semigroup (it was renamed as an IS-algebra for the convenience of study), and a characterization of fuzzy Ζ-ideals by their level Ζ-ideals was discussed. In this paper, we study further properties of fuzzy Ζ-ideals. We prove that the homomorphic image and preimage of a fuzzy Ζ-ideal are also fuzzy Ζ-ideals.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1402-1411
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• 2014

Buyer-seller watermarking protocol is defined as the practice of imperceptible altering a digital content to embed a message using watermarking in the encryption domain. This protocol is acknowledged as one kind of copyright protection techniques in electronic commerce. Buyer-seller watermarking protocol is fundamentally based on public-key cryptosystem that is operating using the algebraic property of an integer. However, in general usage, digital contents which are handled in watermarking scheme mostly exist as real numbers in frequency domain through DCT, DFT, DWT, etc. Therefore, in order to use the watermarking scheme in a cryptographic protocol, digital contents that exist as real number must be transformed into integer type through preprocessing beforehand. In this paper, we presented a new watermarking scheme in an encrypted domain in an image that is based on the block-DCT framework and homomorphic encryption method for buyer-seller watermarking protocol. We applied integral-processing in order to modify the decimal layer. And we designed a direction-adaptive watermarking scheme by analyzing distribution property of the frequency coefficients in a block using JND threshold. From the experimental results, the proposed scheme was confirmed to have a good robustness and invisibility.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.380-386
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• 2022

This paper proposes a method for structuring the preprocessing process of a training image when color is applied using Pix2Pix, one of the adversarial generative neural network techniques. This paper concentrate on the prediction result can be damaged according to the degree of light reflection of the training image. Therefore, image preprocesisng and parameters for model optimization were configured before model application. In order to increase the image resolution of training and prediction results, it is necessary to modify the of the model so this part is designed to be tuned with parameters. In addition, in this paper, the logic that processes only the part where the prediction result is damaged by light reflection is configured together, and the pre-processing logic that does not distort the prediction result is also configured.Therefore, in order to improve the usability, the accuracy was improved through experiments on the part that applies the light reflection tuning filter to the training image of the Pix2Pix model and the parameter configuration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.455-464
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• 1998

In this paper, we give another proof of Theorem 2.13 of [4] without using the sup property. For the homomorphic image $f(\mu)$ and preimage $f^{-1}(\nu)$ of fuzzy left (resp. right) ideals $\mu$ and $\nu$ respectively, we establish the chains of level left (resp. right) ideals of $f(\mu)$ and $f^{-1}(\nu)$, respectively. Moreover, we prove that a necessary condition for a fuzzy ideal $\mu$ of a near-ring $R$ to be prime is that $\mu$ is two-valued.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2016

A module M over an associative ring R with unity is a QTAG-module if every finitely generated submodule of any homomorphic image of M is a direct sum of uniserial modules. Recently, the authors introduced the classes of QTAG-modules namely as socle-regular and strongly socle-regular QTAG-modules which properly contain the classes of transitive and fully transitive QTAG-modules respectively. Here we define strongly and quasi transitivities and study the inter relations between various type of transitivities.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2015

As a generalization of BH-algebras, the notion of pseudo BH-algebra is introduced, and some of their properties are investigated. The notions of pseudo ideals, pseudo atoms, pseudo strong ideals, and pseudo homomorphisms in pseudo BH-algebras are introduced. Characterizations of their properties are provided. We show that every pseudo homomorphic image and preimage of a pseudo ideal is also a pseudo ideal. Any pseudo ideal of a pseudo BH-algebra can be decomposed into the union of some sets. The notion of pseudo complicated BH-algebra is introduced and some related properties are obtained.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.1_2
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• pp.217-231
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• 2009

The notion of *-medial pseudo BCI-algebras is introduced, and its characterization is discussed. The concepts of associative pseudo ideals (resp. pseudo p-ideals, pseudo q-ideals and pseudo a-ideals) are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for a pseudo ideal to be a pseudo p-ideal (resp. pseudo q-ideal) are provided. A characterization of an associative pseudo ideal is given. We finally show that every pseudo BCI-homomorphic image and preimage of an associative pseudo ideal (resp. a pseudo p-ideal, a pseudo q-ideal and a pseudo a-ideal) is also an associative pseudo ideal (resp. a pseudo p-ideal, a pseudo q-ideal and a pseudo a-ideal).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.565-582
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• 2013

We study the conditions under which a given interval-valued fuzzy subgroup of a given group can or can not be realized as a union of two interval-valued fuzzy proper subgroups. Moreover, we provide a simple necessary and su cient condition for the unio of an arbitrary family of interval-valued fuzzy subgroups to be an interval-valued fuzzy subgroup. Also we formulate the concept of interval-valued fuzzy subgroup generated by a given interval-valued fuzzy set by level subgroups. Furthermore we give characterizations of interval-valued fuzzy conjugate subgroups and interval-valued fuzzy characteristic subgroups by their level subgroups. Also we investigate the level subgroups of the homomorphic image of a given interval-valued fuzzy subgroup.