• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1994

A survey on images and consumption for Instant food for 450 homemakers in Ullungdo, Hansando and Daegu area were summarized as follows. 1) The tought of Homemakers food took 'easy to cook' and 'save time' as the best advantage in the image on instant food, while 'tasty' as the lowest one. It appeared that characteristic variables as household income, homemaker's education, homemaker's age, and area had influence on the image about instant food. 2) Processed food(ham, sausage)was purchased the most, while fermented food(kimchi, gochuchang) was purchased the least. It appeared that characteristics variables as household income, homemaker's education and homemaker's age had influence on the purchasing degree of instant food. 3) There were positive correlation coefficient between homemaker's image on instant food and household income(0.247) and area(0.211). There were negative correlation coefficient between homemaker's image on instant food and homemaker's age(-0.171). 4) Homemaker's purchasing degree about instant food had positive correlation coefficient with homemaker's image on instant food(0.389), household income(0.247) and area(0.211)and had negative correlation coefficient with homemaker's age(-0.190). 5) Fat intake had positive correlation coefficient with homemaker's purchasing degree(0.281) and homemaker's image(0.144) on instant food. Energy intake had positive correlation coefficient with homemaker's purchasing degree(0.206) and homemaker's image(0.138) on instant food.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 1982

The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) To describe the group of selected disabled homemakers in terms of demographic and medical variables related to organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. 2) To identify those demograhpic and medical variables that were related to organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. 3) To identify relationship between organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. Questionnaires were given to the selected disabled homemakers living in Seoul. The sample was small(N=35) and it was not random; therefore generalizations could not be made to the population as a whole. Data were analyzed by mean, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks, and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Homemaker's organizational activities were measured by 16 items about physical and mental activities from Mumaw's Organizational Activities Index. Family participation in household activities was measured by 8 items about how often family members participated in two areas of household activities: house chores and extra-activities. The results were as follows: 1) The homemaker's higher organizational activities scores were associated with younger homemaker, higher the level of education, small households, and higher the economic status. The homemaker without children performed better organizational household activities. The homemaker with shorter the duration of disability performed better organizational activities. The homemaker who needed crutches for mobility performed better organizational household activities. 2) The homemaker who was younger, higher the level of education, with smaller households, and lower the economic level was helped by husband. Husband helped better the homemaker with shorter the duration of disability in household activities. 3) Factors affecting children's participation in disabled homemaker's house chores and extra-activities were the age of homemaker and the marital status. The homemaker was single and older, the children were more helpful. 4) Task standardization score was the highest among the factors of homemaker's organizational activities and families with a disabled homemaker participated more extensively than families with abled homemaker. 5) Significant intercorrelation was found between the dependent variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to see that how about the variables of homemaker's age, marital periods, children numbers, homemaker's employment, family types, house types, family income, homemaker's education level, and the convenience of kitchen and laundry influence on homemaker's household preferences. On this study, the household tasks were classified into the tasks on Care of clothes, Mal preparation and clean-up, Care of the house, Care of the family members, and Marketing and record keeping. Questionaires were given to randomly selected homemakers in Busan in July, 1982. Data from the 736 respones were analyzed according to Multi regression and T-test. The results were as follows: 1. The variables affecting the homemaker's household preferences were marital periods, family income and the convenience of kitchen and laundry. Longer the marital periods, higher the family income and more feeling the convence were taken higher preferences on household tasks. 2. The variable of age was less significantly related to the homemaker's household preferences than the marital periods. 3. The variable of house types was less significantly related to the homemaker's household preferences than the convenience of kitchen and laundry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out conformable method of housework space planning as the division style of housework. For this purpose it is surveyed satisfaction and demand of housework space in apartment dwellers. The 785 data is collected from interviewing housewives through questionnaire designed for this study. The data were analyzed by using Frequencies, Mean, χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and MDS. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The division types of housework are ‘Homemaker’, ‘Partially to homemaker’, ‘Equally division’, ‘Regularity division’ and ‘Service using’. The ‘Homemaker’ and Partially to homemaker' were more than the others. (2) the homeworks were performed in various spaces. (3) The satisfaction and demand of housework space differed significantly according to style division of housework. The highest style is ‘Equally homemaker’, and the lowest style is ‘homemaker’.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning dimensions according to homemaker's age and education. In this study the dimensions of planning are participation, time span , significance, specifity and flexibly. The subject areas of planning are family economy, household activities, child rearing and purchasing. Questionnaires were given to the selected 181 homemakers living in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed by frequency, percent, x2 -test, F-test. The result are as follows: 1) There are significant differences in planning dimensions according to homemaker's age and education in some subject areas. 2)The younger the homemaker is and the higher her educational level is, the more cooperatively the couple plan in family life. 3)The family of which homemaker is younger and more educational tends to plan significantly, specifically and flexibly in family life.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the homemaker's stress and their home management behavioral patterns in Money and Time focusing on the Morphogenic & Morphostatic. This research aimed to ' 1) Identify the overall tendency of homemaker's stress & home management behavioral patterns 2) Find out if socio-demographic variables(ie. age of homemakers, level of education, duration of marriage, umber of children, homemaker's employment, socioeconomic status) have significant effects on homemaker's stress and their home management behavioral patterns, 3)Identify the correlation between homemakers' stress and home management behavioral patterns. 4) Find out variables which have independently significant effect on home management behavioral patterns. For these purpose, this research conducted a survey by using questionnaire developed by former researchers. The subjects of this study are 500 homemakers living in Kwangju who have at least one child. The data analyzed occording to frequency, percentage, mean , one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. The main findings are as follows; 1) General tendency of the stress level percepted by the homemakers is relatively low 2) socio-demographic variables have significant effects on the stress of homemakers. Among them only homemaker's age. the number of children and socio-economic status have influe d on the stress of urban homemakers. In each area, there are differences among groups; homemaker's age, durations of marriage, number of children in the area of family; age, number of children, socio-economic status in th area of health; age. durations of marriage. number of children, socio-economic status in the area of finance; socio-economic status in the area of household work. 3) General tendency of homemakers behavioral patterns is some what morphostatic. 4)socio-demographic variables have significant effects on the behavioral patterns of home management, a)Homemaker's age, the level of education, socio-economic status is a variable to have influences on home management behavioral patterns of the Money. b)The age homemakers is a variable to have influences on home management behavioral patterns of the time. c)The age of homemakers, duration of marriage is a variable to have influences on the home management behavioral patters of the resources. 5)There are positive relationship between homemaker's stress and home management behavioral patterns . The higher level of stress , the more morphogenic home management behavioral patterns . 6)Influential variables related to management behavioral patterns are homemaker's age, the level of stress, socio-economic status.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 1981

The present trend is to classify time as a human resource. Time is considered as a human resource and refers not only to "clock time" that man possesses in equal amounts, but also to person's characteristic methods of assimilating and perceiving the passage of time. People differ in their ability to gauge the passage of time or to estimate the amount of time that an activity will take. The time used for household work by homemaker was analysed in that viewpoint. Specially the aim of this study was to find and analyse any differences from the style of house, the kind of fuel for cooking, the system of the family, the age and educated degree of homemaker and income degree. For analysis useable responses of 247 returned were used. The conclusion is as follows. 1. Homemakers spent 11.8∼13.4 hours for household work for a day. 2. Husband contributed 1∼1.4 hours, daughters and sons 0.6∼2.4 hours for household work a day. 3. There were large differences of the time spent on all food activities and care of clothes by the style of house and kitchen and the kind of fuel for coking. 4. The homemaker who has many children and preschool children spent much time for preparing the meal and care of clothes than others. 5. High educated homemaker spent less time for household work than others. 6. There are not any differences between time spent and income. 7. There are not also differences between time spent and having household equipment. It is assumed that many household equipment in the house aren't used effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.141-164
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• 1989

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the urban home-maker's view of homemanagement and the domestic courtesy and ritual (wedding ceremany, ancestral service, funeral rites). The data for this study was obtained from the 661 homemakers who live in Seoul, Busan, Inchon etc. The data were analyzed by the method described below with SPSS Computer programs. Such methods as frequence, percentile, analysis of variance (t-test, one-way ANOVA), Pearson's correlation and Factor analysis, Multiple regression were used. The major results the study can be summaried as follows; 1) As the result of factor analysis about view of homemanagement, 10 factors (which Eigen Value was above 1.0) out of 28 guestions were extracted. 2) In general, it can be said that the urban Homemaker's View of homemanagement varies by age, level of education, religion. 3) The domestic courtesy and ritual (wedding ceremony, ancestral servic, funeral rites) varies by age, level of education, religion. 4) There is a positive relation in analyzing the correlation between the urban homemaker's view of homemanagement and domestic courtesy and ritual (wedding ceremony, ancestral service, funeral rites)(p<.001).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 1984

This study aims to get basic data for an objective searching examination into the value of household production through grasping the relation between homemaker's consciousness or attitude on it and the socio-economic related variables in today, the economic period of currency exchange. the approach of this study depends on the consultation of concerned references and social survey by questionnaire to explore the homemaker's consciousness. Homemakers with children over six years old were selected as object and stratified, considering each age of them and variety of socio-economic status. 450 homemakers among 600 selected with collecting the data. But only 353 samples are helpful for this analysis. They were calculated by frequency, percentage and the mean value for general characteristics of the families, and the noteworthy degree applied the Chi-square(x2) was measured to investigate the correlation between the related variables and each of items. The data was treated by the SPSS program of Computer Center, Korea Science Institute. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1) The majority of homemakers have had affirmative consciousness on the household production as well as strong sense of responsibility in doing their duties. But the higher educational background or the standard of living are, the more want they to have a job also have a tendency to have leave the household production to others. 2)The reason that housemaker does not have a job is for being faithful to home life. But the higher educational background she have, the more weight is given to the management such as to husband or to children card, than to household affairs. 3) Homemaker's educational background and experiences in job affect on her spirit of inquiry for rationalization of the household production and social compensation mentality, by having more strong needs of learning for the household production or of socially proper compensation for casualty. 4) Homemakers mostly have affirmative consciousness on division of household affairs, that they think in need to feel the family as one body among themselves and to cultivate co-operative mind.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 1988