• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.518-527
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• 1989

The relationship between copper content in scalp hair and mental retardation was investigated. Samples of scalp hair were collected from 297 mentally retarded children who were students in one of two schools providing special educational services, one, consisted of children living in an orphan home, the other, children living with parents. For comparison, 117 scalp hair samples were collected from the children who had got average or above average academic achivement in a regular elementary school. Hair samples were taken from the nape of the neck and the copper content was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (IL 551). There was no statistically significant difference in scalp copper levels across different age groups except female orphan group, but no trend or correlation between copper conents and age was found. The hair copper contents of the mentally retarded children groups were significantly lower than that of control groups. But there was no dose-response relationship between degree of mental retardation and hair copper level. The hair copper contents of the group accompanied by Down's syndrome and unknown group were significantly lower than that of control group in both sex, and in the case of accompanied by epilepsy or autism, lower than control group in male. Although the results of this study show no evidence that mental retardation has owed to copper deficiency, the possibility of copper deficiciency in their fetal or infant age could not be ruled out. Thus further study is needed to determine whether mental retardation could be attributed to copper deficiency, through the examinations about their living environments, dietary pattern, eating habit and the impact of copper deficiency on brain development.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.523-543
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• 2009

We conduct a survey to find out the academic achievement factors for 484 second grade students at two middle schools in Busan city and Kyungsangnam Do, respectively. The survey questionnaire includes home environment and background, students' personal character, relationships with friends, learning attitudes towards improving problem solving, variables related to teaching methods and teachers, the school's computer facilities, mobile class by students levels, private education current situations, etc. Private education current situations are presented according to regions. Based on survey data we perform factor analysis to find major factors affecting mathematics academic achievement. We analyze the characteristics of the major factors. We also propose basic data and implications to mathematics educators and mathematics teachers at middle schools for improving middle school mathematics education quality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the consumption of milk, along with satisfaction for improvement of the school milk program in middle school. The subjects were 447 middle school students(265 male, 182 female) in the Gyeonggi area, whowere asked to fill out the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by a SAS package. The results showed that 53.2% of the subjects were participating in the school milk program. Regarding the frequency of milk consumption, 77.7% of students reported daily milk consumption and 65.3% of students reported they drank milk when it was available. 56.8% of the students responded that they were satisfied with the school milk program. Male students not participating in the school milk program cited the reason as "eating at home", while non-participating female students cited the reason as "tasteless". When asked whether they accepted or rejected the school milk program, male students(97.7%) and female students(97.8%) answered "it should be executed". To improve the school milk program, most of the students(72.2%) stated that "it should be selected among flavored milk(strawberry, banana, chocolate, black bean, and husked rice milk) instead of white milk". Therefore, in order to increase the intake of milk, the students should develop the habit of drinking milk to gain the attention of parents. Also, schools should attempt to help through offering proper dietary education.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.542-555
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake patterns among urban and rural adolescents and to investigate the effects due to parent's socioeconomic status and other factors, such as mother's job, family type and regular exercise on that pattern. 2,455 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Yangpong, Kyounffi-Do participated in a self-administered questionnaire that was used to collect data. The one-day dietary intake was surveyed through a 24-hour recall method. The factors significantly different between urban and rural adolescents according to monthly income, parent's education level, mother's job, family type and exercise. Income, the parents' education level and regular exercise were associated with the patterns of nutrient intakes as a percent of the RDA. So, when adjusted for parental income, the father's and mother's education level and regular exercise, there were no signifcant differences within the patterns of nutritional intake between urban and rural adolescents. The results provided the information regarding the determinants of nutrient status among adolescents and were expected to be helpful for planning school health promotion programs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.864-872
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• 2005

Various types of functional foods for health (FFH) are popularly used among adolescents. We surveyed 858 students, $15.0 \pm$ 1.6 (14-18) years of age, attending general junior or senior high schools in Korea for FFH use and significant variables for their FFH use including demographic characteristics, food consumption frequency and nutritional beliefs. The use prevalence of FFH was $47.8\%$, and among all types of FFH, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng products > enzyme containing products > plant extract-fermented products. FFH use was higher in older aged-group, subjects lived in small or middle city, and those from families with a high socioeconomic status in comparison to each corresponding group. Health concern on offsprings by parents and usage ratio of FFH by family was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH. Total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefit of FFH than did nonusers. Most users of FFH took FFH when they were healthy ($50.7\%$) , and they did not feel special effects through the FFH use ($57.1\%$) . Most users of FFH got the information on FFH through family and relatives ($61.5\%$) , and most of them purchased FFH at pharmacy or oriental medicine clinics ($55.1\%$) . FFH users preferred vitamin C-and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin mineral supplements belonged to FFH. Given the widespread use of FFH by adolescents, the reasonable use of these products for the contribution to their overall health and well-being is a subject that is emphasized in nutrition education for them. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10) : 864$\sim$872,2005)

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.55
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• pp.157-188
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-care activities on physical and mental health of primary caregivers of functionally impaired elderly. Data were collected from 185 primary caregivers who were caring for their spouses or parents with functional impairment at home in Daejon. SPSS 21.0 software was used for descriptive analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that (1) primary caregivers reported their physical health status as poor (2) the domains of health responsibility, physical activity in their self-care activities were significant predictors of their physical health level (3) primary caregivers reported very high level of depression (4) their mental health was significantly influenced by spiritual growth among self-care activities. Based on these findings, social work intervention and policy suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.297-303
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of growth mindset between female adolescents' domestic abuse experience and school adaptation. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 485 female adolescent girls in D city, Chungcheongnam-do, and the data collected were analyzed for differences test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis of moderating effects. Findings are as follows. First, school adaptation differed according to parents' earning income and academic achievement. Second, growth mindset and school adaptation showed significant positive correlation, but home abuse showed negative correlation with other variables. Third, the result of regression effect of moderating effect showed that the growth mindset for personality had a moderating effect. Finally, based on this study, we discussed ways to improve the school life of female students and teenagers. Specifically, it was suggested to consider the growth mindset and age for personality.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2019

The 'Sliver-Spoon-Discourse' is currently witnessing growing complaints about the polarization and a sense of despair among many young people in Korean society. The 'Sliver-Spoon-Discourse' that compares one's subjective socioeconomic status to a spoon implies a sense of psychological superiority or deprivation. The present study empirically tested the current popular 'Sliver-Spoon-Discourse' based belongingness and explored how subjective socioeconomic status may affect the psychology of young people. This study examined the effects of subjective socioeconomic status on individual relative deprivation and subjective well-being. Data were collected from 307 undergraduate students enrolled at universities located in Seoul with both parents alive. The findings of this study were as follows. First, student respondents reported moderate levels of subjective socioeconomic status, relative deprivation, and subjective well-being. Second, after controlling for respondents' gender, age and family income, the students' subjective socioeconomic status was negatively associated with their level of relative deprivation. Finally, after controlling for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, the students' subjective socioeconomic status was not significantly related to all the three sub-factors of life satisfaction, positive emotion and negative emotion as well as total subjective well-being. The results indicate that 'Sliver-Spoon-Discourse' based belongingness may instigate relative deprivation of young people without affecting their subjective well-being. The implications of the results are discussed for youth programs and policies.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.407-417
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• 2019

This study examined the longitudinal effects of appearance satisfaction and Korean language skills on the self-esteem and school adjustment of multicultural adolescents. The study used data from 1,151 multicultural adolescents from the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ waves of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS). Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, and structural equation modeling. The results are as follows. First, appearance satisfaction and Korean language skills at grade 6 significantly predicted higher self-esteem at grade 7. Second, there was a significant influence of high levels of self-esteem at grade 7 on positive school adjustment of grade 8. Last, the self-esteem at grade 7 had a significant mediating effect in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and Korean language skills at grade 6 and school adjustment at grade 8. The results of this study highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a mediating factor in the connection between appearance satisfaction and Korean language skills as well as the level of school adjustment. This provides supporting evidence to many educators and parents for the implementation of effective support practices for multicultural adolescents to enhance their school adjustment. Other related implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

Objectives: There is higher rates of experience of suicide ideation and suicide attempt of adolescents in the Lima and Callao region compared with the results of the epidemiological study (2013) conducted by Peru National Institute of Mental Health and the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2010) which is was conducted among adolescents across all regions of Peru. Based on the PRECEDE model, this study analyzed the prevalence and the factor associated with the suicide attempt among the adolescent in a poor urban area in Peru. Methods: A stratified random sampling was used for the survey to select study participants from the 6 secondary schools based in Comas or Callao. The survey was conducted November 25th and December 4th in 2015 and a total of 738 individuals included in the analysis. In order to analyze factors influencing suicide attempt, comparison of predisposing factor, reinforcing factor, enabling factor, behavioral factor, environmental factor, psychological factors by suicide attempt and suicide risk group were identified through the chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression. Results: Results showed that those who reported having less parental understanding, less time spent with parents, and 'almost none/none' for parental affection had more experience of suicide attempt and were more likely to sort into the high suicide risk group. Also, a greater proportion of those with the experience of suicide attempt had more experience of smoking and alcohol consumption, and experience of physical abuse and feeling insulted and depression in comparison to that of those without experience of suicide attempt. Variables that had a significant effect on suicide attempt included depression, subjective happiness, smoking experience, sexual intercourse, involvement in fight, parental affection, and gender (male). Conclusions: The results of the current study can serve as grounds for the necessity of acknowledging that adolescent suicide does not simply depend on a couple of factors, but arises from situations in which individual, home, school, social factors influence one another, and therefore adolescent suicide should be prevented and addressed through a multi-dimensional and integrated approach.