• 한국인구학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.33-62
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• 2005

이 연구는 왜 많은 미혼 남녀가 결혼을 연기하고 있는가라는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 현재의 만혼화 현상을 설명하기 위해서는 남녀가 어떠한 배우자를 원하는가, 그러한 배우자를 선택할 수 기회가 큰가, 또한 결혼에 부여하는 가치들과 배우자를 만날 수 있는 기회들의 형상이 상징하는 사회구조의 특성은 무엇인가와 같은 질문에 답을 구해야 한다. 요컨대 결혼에 기대하는 가치와 기회구주 그것의 사회구조적 연관을 조명하는 것이 필요하다. 이 연구는 계층혼, 성역할 분리규범, 그리고 경제위기의 복합적 상황에서 1990년대 후반 남녀의 결혼의 가치와 기회구조가 어떻게 변하였는가를 추적하고 있다. 분석에 활용한 자료는 한국노동연구원이 조사한 1998년에서 2002년 기간의 한국노동패널조사이다. 결혼력과 직업력 자료를 구성하여 결혼 코호트와 성별에 따라 교육과 고용상의 지위가 결혼시기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과에 따르면 남성이 결혼할 수 있는 기회는 1990년 이후 교육, 고용상의 지위에 따라 크게 계층화되고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 교육수준이 높을수록 그리고 일자리를 가지고 있을수록 결혼시기는 유의미하게 빠르게 나타난다. 여성의 경우, 1990-1997년 결혼 코호트에서는 고학력 여성의 결혼시기가 저학력 여성에 비해 상대적으로 빠르지만, 고용상의 지위와 결혼시기는 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 계층혼의 경향이 1990년대 들어 더욱 강화되고 있음을, 여성에서는 교육이 노동시장에서의 인적자원보다는 결혼을 통한 대리적 지위 획득 기제로 작용하였음을 시사한다. 한편 1998년 이후 결혼코호트에서는 여성의 결혼시기에 대한 교육의 효과는 약해지는 대신 취업상태의 효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 일하는 여성일수록 결혼시기가 유의미하게 지연되고 있다. 이러한 결과에서 우리는 1990년대 후반부터 심화되고 있는 젊은 남성들의 취업기회의 제약은 '우발적으로' 여성의 경제활동참여 동기를 크게 하였고, 결혼을 통한 대리적 지위를 획득하려는 기대를 약화시킨 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate derived factors associated with a public service announcement on handwashing to evaluate the effect of this announcement. Methods: In early september, 1,000 persons over 19 years old was investigated by Computer Aided Telephone Interview, at last 993 persons for analysis. Outcomes were the exposure to the public service announcements on handwashing, the comprehension of this announcements, the intention of behavioral change and the practice of handwashing. Results: In particular, the proportion of exposure is more women and highly educated. The comprehension of the announcement was no statistically significant difference. The intention of behavior change showed higher in workers and understanding of the announcements. The practice of handwashing is higher in women and lower in student/unemployed. There was no difference in practice in accordance with the exposure, the comprehension and the intention of behavioral change. Conclusions: About the comprehension of the announcements and the intention of behavioral change, the effects of the public service announcements on handwashing can be very positive. But it does not affect the actual practice of hand washing. The handwashing promotion programs will have to devise a strategy and structure, operation method considering realistic and scalable platform.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Objectives: The quality of life (QoL) of the elderly and elder abuse are growing public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abuse and the association between QoL and abuse in older adults. Methods: Multistage random cluster sampling, along with valid QoL (LEIPAD: LEIden, the Netherlands; PADua, Italy; Helsinki, Finland) and abuse questionnaires, were used to assess QoL and elder abuse. Path analysis was performed using Mplus. SPSS and AMOS were used for the other analyses. Results: A total of 386 elderly individuals with a mean age of 68.00±6.10 years were interviewed, of whom 200 (51.8%), 289 (74.9%), and 376 (97.4%) were women, educated, and married, respectively. Moreover, 167 (43.2%) had low-to-moderate QoL, and 108 (27.9%) had experienced a moderate level of abuse. QoL and abuse were inversely associated (r=-0.253), with men (β=-0.24) more affected than women (β=-0.21). Musculoskeletal disorders were also strong determinants of QoL in the elderly. QoL was strongly associated with emotional abuse, while abuse was highly related to the social component of QoL. Furthermore, emotional abuse was the type of abuse most significantly associated with the self-care, depression/anxiety, cognitive, and social components of QoL. Sexual abuse, violation of personal rights, and neglect were the main determinants of the physical functioning, life satisfaction, and sexual domains of QoL, respectively. Conclusions: Nearly half of the elderly individuals lacked a high QoL, and at least one-fourth had experienced some form of abuse. Elder abuse was correlated inversely with QoL. Therefore, preventive interventions are recommended to decrease elder abuse in the family, community, and other settings.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.125-153
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• 2006

This study was intended to describe women's weight controlling by creating a hypothetic model on the weight adjustment behavior and by examining a cause and effect relationship, and to contribute to countermeasures for practicing their promotion of health and improving the quality of life through creating a predictable model. The subject of study was women who utilize the beauty shop located in Seoul, Busan and Daegu and the study period was 12 weeks from July 10 to September 30 in 2004. Gathered 1093 person's general specialty related with weight adjustment and analyzed covariance to prove the hypothesis using statistics compiled from authentic sources. Also proved coincidence of the hypothetical model. Exogenous variables of the hypothetical model are composed of recognition of her body shape, fatness level, age, stress, and self-respect. Endogenous variables are health- control mind, recognized health state, self-efficacy, intention, and behavior of weight adjustment. There were 5 measured variables for exogenous variable(x). There were 8 measured variable(y) for exogenous variable. And coincidence $x^2=297.38$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=7.08$, GFI=0.962, AGFI=0.917, NFI=0.875, TLI=0.794, CFI=0.889, RMSEA=0.075. The result of hypothesis had an epoch-making record that 20 out of 27 hypothesis was proved positive way. Generally weight adjustment has been highly seen in housewives, the married and the old age. Health control mind seems to be high as fatness level, age, and self-respect are high and low stress. Recognized health state is high as age and self-respect are high and low stress. However, it is not much related with recognition of her body shape and fatness level. If age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy are high intention of behavior is also high, but intention of behavior has no relation with recognition of her body shape, fatness level and stress. If fatness level, age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy and intention of behavior are high, execution of weight adjustment will be high. However, recognized health state and stress has no influence for weight adjustment. To increase the coincidence of hypothesis and take a simple model I modified a model and then I got the coincidence $x^2=215.62$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=6.34$, GFI=0.970, AGFI=0.931, NFI=0.902, TLI=0.901, CFI=0.915, RMSEA=0.070. This result is a bit better than original hypothetical model's so that this model might be more suitable. In this modification model, the factors of weight adjustment seems to be high according to this order self-efficacy, recognized health state, age, intention, health control mind, self-respect, fatness level and stress. With this result I suggest ; 1. Enforcement of IR that everybody can be controlled weight adjustment herself and continuous education, which is related with regular habit (food, exercise, restriction of a favorite food and behavior training etc.) is also needed. 2. Because self-efficacy is influenced to execution of weight adjustment specific program which can increase self-efficacy should have to develop and we need to utilize it to take care of herself. 3. To protect fatness and be active weight adjustment the peculiar program including the concept of self-respect, recognized health state, health control mind and intention must be developed and not only women but also all of people should be educated. 4. This hypothetical model is forecasting women's weight adjustment behavior and can be utilized for fundamental data to increase those people's health.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2000

충남 천안시의 30세 이상 인구에서 표본추출된 7,030명 중 조사된 5,372명에 대하여 고혈압의 유병률을 파악하고, 이들 중 의료기관에서 고혈압으로 진단을 받은 후의 치료순응과 행태의 차이를 파악하기 위하여 1998년 10월 16일부터 12월 19일까지 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. JNC VI의 고혈압 1도 기준에 의한 고혈압 유병률은 남자 49.8%, 여자 38.8%로 남자가 높았으며, 연령별 고혈압 유병률은 남녀 모두 50대까지는 연령이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 그 이후는 완만하게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 2. 교육수준별 고혈압 유병률은 남자의 경우 학력에 따라 차이가 크지 않았으나, 여자의 경우 초등학교 이하 49.8%, 중졸 37.6%, 고졸 24.9%, 대졸 19.6%로 학력이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 가구당 월평균수입별 고혈압 유병률은 수입에 관계없이 일정하였으며, 직업별 고혈압 유병률은 무직에서 전문·관리직에 비하여 상대적으로 높았다. 비만도별 고혈압 유병률은 남녀 모두 과체중에서 세장형, 정상체중 군에 비하여 높았다(p<0.01). 3. 고혈압 가족력이 있는 군의 고혈압 유병률은 58.5%로 가족력이 없는 군의 46.7% 보다 높았으나(p<0.01), 여자는 가족력이 있는 군이 38.5%, 없는 군이 38.9%로 비슷하였다. 콜레스테롤 수치별 고혈압 유병률은 콜레스테롤의 수치가 240 mg/dl 이상에서 남자 64.0%, 여자 52.4%로 240 mg/dl 미만의 남자 48.9%, 여자 37.6%보다 높았다(p<0.01). 혈당의 고혈압 유병률은 남녀 모두 혈당치가 증가할수록 높아졌고, 200 mg/dl 이상부터는 크게 높아졌다. 4. 의료기관에서 고혈압으로 진단받은 사람 중 치료순응군은 61.1%, 치료비순응군은 38.9%이었으며, 현재의 혈압분포는 고혈압이 치료순응군에서 79.8%, 치료비순응군 81.1%로 두 군이 비슷하였다. 5. 연령별 치료순응도는 남녀 모두 치료순응군이 치료비순응군에 비하여 연령이 많았고, 학력은 치료비순응군에서 높았다(p<0.01). 직업별 치료순응도는 남자의 경우 치료순응군은 무직에서 높았으나, 치료비순응군은 단순 노무, 사무 기술직에서 높았으며(p<0.01), 여자는 직업에 따라 치료순응도의 차이가 없었다. 6. 가구당 월수입별 치료순응도는 남자의 경우 치료비순응군이 치료순응군에 비하여 수입이 높았으며(p<0.01), 여자는 차이가 없었고, 가족력별 치료순응도는 남녀 모두 차이가 없었다. 7. 치료순응과 관련된 행태 중 운동의 규칙성은 남자의 경우 치료순응군이 83.7%, 치료비순응군이 62.2%로 치료순응군에서 높았으나(p<0.05), 여자는 차이가 없었다. 주관적 건강 상태가 나쁘다고 생각하는 경우가 남녀 모두 치료순응군에서 높았으며(p<0.01), 흡연을 하는 사람과 흡연랑은 남자의 경우 치료비순응군에서 높았으며(p<0.01), 여자는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 8. 음주를 하는 사람은 남녀 모두 치료비순응군에서 높았으며(p<0.05), 음주횟수는 두 군간에 차이가 없었으며, 체질량지수, 체중측정의 규칙성, 체중조절방법, 운동여부, 육류섭취와 식염섭취, 혈중 콜레스테롤과 혈당은 치료순응도과 관계가 없었다. 9. 치료를 위한 비약물요법 실천은 남자의 경우 치료순응군이 13.2%, 치료비수응군이 2.5%로 치료순응군이 높았으며(p<0.01), 여자도 치료순응군 10.6%, 치료비순응군 0.8%로 치료순응군에서 높았다. 결론적으로 고혈압 유병률이 매우 높아 순환기계질환에 미칠 영향이 매우 클 것이며, 치료순응도에 따른 치료효과를 높이고, 건강증진을 위하여 건강행태변화를 유도하여야 할 것이다. 그러므로 이를 위한 보건교육과 홍보 등의 확대와 지속적인 관리대책을 세우는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2003

This study examined the reproducibility of nutrient intakes estimated by the 24-hour recall method in a prospective cohort study (Longitudinal study of aging and health monitoring of Korean elderly) of middle-aged volunteer subjects (42 males and 49 females) in the Seoul area. The three-day 24-hour recall was administered twice at an interval of approximately 6 months. The first data were collected and a corrective procedure was performed by interviewing of the subjects and a trained dietitian. The second data were collected by mail from the subjects without the performance of any corrective procedure. The mean age of the subjects was 53.5 $\pm$ 9.6 for the males and 52.2 $\pm$ 8.9 for the females. The subjects who had above college education were 95% in the case of the males and 60% in the case of the females. The characteristics of the male subjects in this study were that they were highly educated and held professional jobs and were from the middle or upper class. Comparing the first and second 24-hour recall data, the second data showed relatively lower intakes of all nutrients, except vitamin A, vitamin Bi and cholesterol. There was no difference in the nutrients of the first and the second data with respect to vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$ and cholesterol in the males and calcium, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$ and cholesterol in the females. This data may indicate that the 24 hour retail method without a dietitian's help may result in lower reporting of the subject's intakes. The men had a tendency to remember less than the women. Pearson's correlation coefficients with unadjusted nutrient intakes values were ranged from 0.24 to 0.66. When energy intake was adjusted, there was a slight increase (from 0.26 to 0.71). Intra-class correlation coefficients with nutrient-unadjusted values ranged from 0.22 to 0.66, and the energy-adjusted values were ranged from 0.23 to 0.69. The weighted Kappa statistical values ranged from 0.10 to 0.40. On the average,46.3% of the subjects who were found in the lowest quartile of the nutrient intake levels based on the first 24-hour recall, were in the lowest quartile based on the second 24-hour recall. Therefore, there was a low reproducibility between the first and the second 24-hour recall. We should examine the factors influencing low reproducibility. Also, strategies should be developed to maximize the reliability of the assessment, with regard to portion-size training and telephone validation. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 603∼609, 2003)

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the cognition of dental caries prevention by the level of socioeconomic status based on Gallup survey in Korea. Methods: This study was done by Korean Gallup survey in October, 2010. A trained researcher carried out the computer aided telephone interview(CATI) using a structured questionnaire. This study was based on the latest population statistics of resident registration and whole country's phone data base. This survey included 869 selected Korean adults over 19 years old, and they were asked to answer a CATI. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and socioeconomic factors including age, gender, education level, monthly income, and residential area. Cognition of dental caries prevention was measured by Likert 4 scale including 'much', 'a little', 'rarely', and 'never'. The attitude toward dental caries prevention consisted of daily tooth brushing frequency, experience of oral health education, regular dental checkup, chewing gums(xylitol), regular scaling, and use of oral care devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and one way ANOVA. Cronbach's alpha was 0.462 in oral health concern and attitude. Results: Mean of the frequencies of daily tooth brushing in men was 2.54 times and 2.78 in women. By the comparison to age group, 35-44 years old group had 2.82 times, 19-37 years old group had 2.72 times, and 45-64 years old group had 2.51 times. The level of education and monthly income was proportional to the tooth brushing frequency. Highly educated and higher monthly income group received regular dental checkup within a year and used the auxiliary oral health care devices. Conclusions: This study suggested the relationship between dental caries prevention and socioeconomic status. It is important to provide the low socioeconomic group with the better oral health promotion services in the future.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.34-48
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• 2019

Background: Fall-related injuries in older adults are a major health problem, and the risks and mechanisms of these injuries should be affected by race, culture, living environment, and/or economic status. Objects: Research articles have been systematically reviewed to understand fall-related injuries in older adults in South Korea. Methods: 128 published research papers have been found through the Korea Citation Index and the Korean Studies Information Service System, and reviewed in various perspectives, including incidents, fall death rates, medical costs, causes, injury sites and types, locations where falls occurred, prevention strategies, scholarly fields interested in fall injuries, and the role of physical therapy. Results: Fall-related injuries were found to be more common in women than in men, and the number of incidents increased with age, with the highest rate found in individuals over 85 years old. Risk of fall injury was associated with education level, comorbidities, and fear of falling. Common places where falls occurred included the bathroom, living room, stairs, and hallway. Common types of injury included bruises, fractures, and sprains in the lower extremities. Intervention strategies included exercise programs, education, and protective clothing. Scholarly fields interested in fall-related injuries in older adults included medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physical education, pharmacology, oriental medicine, biomedical engineering, design, clothing, and textiles. Physical therapy intervention using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation has been used to improve one's balance. Conclusion: Any movement during the activities of daily living can lead to a fall. Physical therapists are highly educated to analyze human movements and should be involved in more research and practices to solve fall-related injuries in older adults.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

본 연구는 19세 이상 성인들을 대상으로 B형간염 백신 접종률, 백신 접종이유 및 미접종 이유, 백신 접종 관련 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. B형간염 백신 접종률은 사후가중치를 적용 후 1차 38.0%, 2차 32.5%, 3차 26.9%로 나타났다. B형간염 백신 접종 관련 요인으로는 여자가, 저연령에서, 군부 거주자가, 직업이 있을 때, 고학력자가, 건강보험 가입자가, 배우자가 있을 때, 동거가족이 있을 때, 국가 권고 성인 예방접종을 인지하고 있을 때, 의사에게 성인 예방접종의 필요성을 설명 받은 경험이 있을 때, 본인의 성인 예방접종 기록 보관하고 있을 때, 성인 예방접종이 감염병 예방에 도움이 된다고 높게 인지하고 있을 때, 국가나 지방자치단체의 성인 예방접종 홍보 경험이 없을 때에 백신 접종률이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 우리나라 성인의 B형간염 백신 접종률은 양적 향상 및 질적인 측면에서의 개선을 위한 국가 정책 마련이 필요함을 발견하였다. 또한 성인의 B형간염 항체 형성률을 함께 파악하여 감염병 발생 감소나 퇴치를 위해서 국가수준의 예방접종률 목표치 선정과 함께 달성 정도 평가를 위한 정기적인 성인 예방접종률 산출이 필요하다. 더욱이 국가의 예방접종통합관리시스템을 통하여 안정적으로 성인의 예방접종 기록을 관리할 수 있도록 전산등록률 향상 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2009

본 연구는 농촌지역 노인을 대상으로 요실금의 출현빈도를 조사하고 요실금과 관련된 요인을 검토하고자, 2007년 10월 1일부터 12월 31일까지의 기간에 충청남도의 농촌지역에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 노인 464명을 대상으로 면접조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 조사대상자의 요실금 경험률을 보면 「매일 실금」이 9.5%, 「가끔 실금」이 35.5% 로 요실금을 경험하고 있는 노인이 45.0%이었다. 성별로는 남자(29.8%)보다 여자(58.5%)에서, 연령이 낮은 군보다 높은 군에서, 교육수준이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 월수입이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서 요실금 경험률이 높았다. 일상생활습관별 요실금 경험률은 비흡연군보다 흡연군에서, 음주군보다 비음주군에서 유의하게 높았으며, 주관적 건강상태에 따른 요실금 경험률은 건강하다는 군보다 건강하지 않다는 군에서, 건강에 대한 걱정을 하지 않는다는 군보다 한다는 군에서, 신체부자유가 없다는 군보다 있다는 군에서, 건망증이 없다는 군보다 있다는 군에서, ADL과 IADL별로는 도움이 필요 없다는 군보다 도움이 필요하다는 군에서 유의하게 높은 비율이었다. 다변량 로지스틱회귀분석 결과 요실금발생에 영향을 미치는 관련요인으로 성별, 연령, 흡연습관, 건강에 대한 걱정유무, 신체부자유 유무, 건망증 유무, IADL이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 이상의 결과를 보면 농촌지역 노인들의 요실금 출현빈도는 남자보다 여자에서, 고연령일수록 높아지는 것을 알 수 있으며, 일상생활습관이나 주관적 및 신체적인 건강상태가 양호하지 않을수록 요실금 출현율이 높게 나타나고 있으므로 이에 따른 노인들의 적절한 건강관리 대책이 요구된다.