Maximal oxygen consumption measurements were performed on 15 middle school boys (age: mean 14.0, range: $13{\sim}16$ years) and 14 high school boys (age: mean 17.4, range: $16{\sim}19$ years). General body build was greater in the high school boys and absolute values of body height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, maximal oxygen uptake, and maximal pulmonary ventilation followed the same trend. Considered on the basis of body build, however, the values of high school boys were not always greater than those of middle school boys. The following results were obtained. 1. Maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was 2.11 l/min., 53.7ml/kg b. weight, 13.9 ml/cm body height, and 63.7 ml/kg LBM. In high school boys the values were: 2.86 l/min., 52.7 ml/kg b.wt., 17.5 ml/cm b. height, and 57.9 ml/kg LBM. Thus, middle school boys were superior to high school boys on body weight and lean body mass basis. They were also superior to the European boys of the same age. 2. The ratio of maximal oxygen uptake to resting value was 9.7 in middle school boys, and 10.8 in high school boys. 3. Maximal pulmonary ventilation in middle school boys was 58.0 l/min., and 84.0 l/min. in high school boys. The ratio of maximal ventilation to resting value was the same as oxygen uptake, namely, 9.7 in middle school boys and 10.7 in high school boys. 4. Ventilation equivalent in middle school boys was 27.5 and 29.3 in high school boys. These values represent values of untrained male subjects. 5. Maximal heart rate in high school boys reached to 193 beat/min. and is 2.9 times that of resting heart rate. 6. Maximal oxygen pulse in high school boys was 16.6 ml/beat and was same as that of untrained subject. 7. Correlation between body weight and maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was r=0.570, and r=0.162 in high school boys. Correlation between lean body mass in middle school boys was r=0.499, and r=0.158 in high school boys. Interrelation between body weight and maximal pulmonary ventilation was poor. 8. The differences between trained and untrained subjects were discussed.
We must encourage the use of the spirometer as part of routine examination of nearly all adult patients. Despite the theoretical problems of the water spirometer and its Poor frequency response, the water spirometer is adequate for the physiological function tests even in healthy people. The aim of this study was to report the pulmonary function studies of athletic swimmers. Subjects were 85 athletic swimmers from 9 to 25 years of age. They were elementary school boys and girls, middle school boys and girls, high school boys and girls, and college students. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency of breath: (cycle/min, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $19{\pm}4.7$, elementary school girls $22{\pm}7.9$, middle school boys $17{\pm}2.4$, middle school girls $18{\pm}8.2$, high school boys $15{\pm}3.4$, high school girls $15{\pm}9.7$, and college male students $12{\pm}3.2$. 2) Vital capacity: (1, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $2.60{\pm}0.480$, elementary school girls $2.22{\pm}0.412$, middle school boys $3.63{\pm}0.598$, middle school girls $2.80{\pm}0.303$, high school boys $4.70{\pm}0.487$, high school girls $3.23{\pm}0.509$, and college male students $4.30{\pm}0.608$. 3) Tidal volume: (ml, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $462{\pm}59$, elementary school girls $395{\pm}110$, middle school boys $524{\pm}78$, middle school girls $421{\pm}59$, high school boys $612{\pm}101$, high school girls $494{\pm}123$, and college male students $603{\pm}121$. 4) Breath holding time: (sec, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $58{\pm}21.2$, elementary school girls $36{\pm}11.1$, middle school boys $61{\pm}16.7$. middle school girls $53{\pm}21.0$, high school boys $64{\pm}9.1$, high school girls $49{\pm}15.3$, and college male students $81{\pm}23.0$.
The objective of this study is to compare and analyze middle and high school boys' and girls' uniform wearing conditions. The survey was conducted online and data were obtained from 907 middle and high school boys and girls. The results of this study are as follows. First, most boys and girls did not know their body sizes other than their height and weight. Second, when purchasing the school uniforms, over 70% of the boys and girls chose to try on the uniforms before their purchase and over 60% of the boys and girls had trouble selecting their sizes just by reading the labels. Third, both boys and girls considered the fit as the most important factor. When purchasing jackets, both middle and high school boys considered the shoulder width as most important. Middle school girls considered the jacket and sleeve length as most important, whereas high school girls considered the shoulder width, waist, and bust as most important. When purchasing skirts or slacks, waist girth was considered as most important. Fourth, boys repurchased more school uniforms than girls. Boys have outgrown their uniforms usually in the length categories, whereas girls have outgrown in the girth categories. Fifth, more girls(72.7%) modified their uniforms than the boys(56.8%). Boys usually bought bigger uniforms, modified them to fit and when they grow out of their uniforms they planned to modify their uniforms again whereas girls modified their uniforms to follow the trend. Sixth, the online shopping mall survey has revealed that both boys and girls liked the idea of 3D model that reflect their own body shapes, but they had low preference to purchase school uniforms online. Online purchase has been more attractive to the boys than to the girls, while the way of fashioning uniforms has been more attractive to the girls than to the boys.
The purpose of this study is to describe Eating Behavior for High school boys who are obesity using three factors(dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger). The subjects were 200 high school boys. The convenience sample is consist of 101 normal weight boys and 99 obeses weight boys. Data were collected between Mat 1 and June 20 in 2000 and analyzed using the SAS package. The results are as follows: 1. The first hypothesis was not supported that is, the normal weight boys much more doing dietary restraint than the obese boys. 2. The second hypothesis was supported that is, the obese boys more experience disinhibition than the normal weight boys. 3. The third hypothesis was supported that is, the obese boys more experience hunger than the normal weight boys. The eating behavior of obese boys is different that of normal weight boys, The obese boys more experience disinhibition and hunger than the normal weight boys, but dietary restraint was more done the normal weight boys than the obese boys.
The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to improve both the satisfaction and the current sizing system for the school uniform focused on middle and high school boys' students. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was administered to 451 middle and high school boy students. 228 middle school boys' and 223 high school boys' data were analyzed using the SPSS Win. 10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. For the satisfaction of their school uniform, there were statistical differences in mean of the group by the academic year in the jacket(color, textile, design, activity), shirt(color, design, activity), and pants(color, design, activity) in the case of middle school boys'. On the other hand, high school boys' evaluation of school uniform was significantly different in jacket(color), shirt(color, textile, design, activity), pants(design), and tie(color, textile, design) by the academic year. 2. For the evaluation of sizing fitness, the length of jacket and the breadth of sleeve in jacket, and the width of sleeve in blouse, the length of pants, and the width of pants were statistical differences in mean of the group in middle school boys' by the grade whereas there was no significant difference in high school students by the grade. 3. It was shown that more getting school uniform repaired after the point of purchase in both middle school and high school students was higher.
The purpose of this study was to identify egocentrism, self-consciousness, and body cathexis between Boys' and Girls' high school students. It helps us to understand them. Also we investigated the correlation between psychological characteristics and clothing behavior of high school students. The questionnaire were administered to 630 boys' and girls' high school students living in Jinju, Gyeongnam, and the data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor Analysis, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis and Duncan test. Egocentrism of high school boys and girls showed middle levels of mean and distribution, and sympathy was the highest at coeducation high School whereas a sense of justice was the highest at boys' high school. Self-consciousness was high level at both boys' and girls' high school, but public self-consciousness was higher than personal one. Both of them were higher in girls' than in boys'. Also body satisfaction was a little high and boys satisfied with their faces, busts, and whole body more than girls. There were significant differences among dressing for others, clothing interest, psychological dependence, exhibition except conformity. Girls have dressing for others, clothing interest, and exhibition more than boys. There were significant positive correlations among dressing for others, clothing interest, psychological dependence, and conformity whereas exhibition was negatively related to clothing behavior. Public self-consciousness, appearance, and popularity were the most influential variables to dressing for others. Also gender was proved to be one of the most influencing factors on students' clothing behavior.
This study was attempted to evaluate the mental health of high school students in rural and urban community. For the above purpose the Minesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) was conducted for the total 868 students including 213 high school bodys and 209 high school girls in rural community, and 228 high school boys and 218 high school girls in urban community. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Scores of lie, hypochondriasis and social introversion scale were statiatically higher in rural high school boys than urban high school boys, but the scores of psychopathic deviate and hypomania scale were on the contrary. 2. Rural high school girls showed statistically higher scores in depression, paranoia, psychasthenia and schizophrenia scale than urban high school girls did. 3. Scores of validity, correction, hysteria and masculinity-femininity scale were not different between rural and urban community in both of high school boys and high school girls.
This study was devised to investigate the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents and related variables. 456 respondents, consisted of 116 middle school boys, 101 high school boys, 114 middle school girls and 125 high school girls, were sampled. The psychological distance was measured by the semantic differential method, and the statistical data were verified by the analysis of variance through computer system. The main results are found as follows. 1. The average mark of the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents was 54.73(78.19%)/70(100%) and the mark of high school girls was highest and high school boys lowest. 2. The variables influencing on the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents were varied buy the groups. 1) Middle school boys; home atmosphere(p<.001), social and economical status of home (S.E.S; p<.01), number of intimate friends(p<.05), rearing attitudes of parents(p<.05). 2) High school boys; home atmosphere(p<.001), age of father(p<.05), protection of mother(p<.05) 3) Middle school girls; home atmosphere(p<.001), rearing attitudes of parents (p<.001), S.E.S of home(p<.001).
Understanding average abnormal obese high school students' health awareness and attitude, We analyzed problems affect on this to provide basic data for the school health education in the near future. From March, 1997, covering a month period, We investigated 300 average obese students from each 3 school, both boys and girls, around Taegu area. Followings are the summary. 1) Grouping obesity, 86.6% of boys were abdominal type and 54.0% of girls were lump types. 2) IN physical check-up and serum lipid lab., there were a lot of abnormal students for blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), neutral lipid, the rate of lipid in the body, atherosclerosis index and electrocardiogram (ECG).; Especially, for the rate of Lipid in the body, 100.0% were in the abnormal range. 3) The main reasons of stress were on the physique and grade. Over 50.0% of students get rid of their stress by singing and dancing. 4) 46.7% of boys and 56.0% of girls were satisfied with their desks and 51.3% of boys and 48.0% of girls were satisfied with their chairs.; 70.0% of boys and 78.7% of girls usually felt uncomfortable for their desks and chairs. 5) 100.0% of boys and 98.0% of girls have been educated for obesity.; 53.3% of boys and 50.7% of girls were not interested in whether joining in or not, if ‘Obese school’ is open. 60.7% of boys get information about weight loss from television, while 41.3% of girls get it from all sorts of publications.; Both sexes said eating convenience food is the main reason to be obese. Most frequent disease is high blood pressure.; 30.0% of boys and 31.3% of girls were hypertensives. 6) 84.7% of boys and 78.0% of girls are awake to the seriousness of obesity from their families. 58.7% of boys and 66.0% of girls sometimes have meals with their families. For the boys, 30.0% of them eat fruit and 29.3% eat cookies while 37.3% of girls eat cookies for their snacks. Both 57.3% of boys and 40.0% of girls have a snack once a day and they drink soft drinks frequently. Both 32.0% of boys and 46.7% of girls have midnight meals 1-2times a week. 7) Both 45.3% of boys and 50.0% of girls suddenly gained their weight in the elementary school times. 30.0% of boys exercise 1 hour for a week, while 48.0% of girls don't exercise. For the exercise hour, both 53.3% of boys and 42.0% of girls exercise for 10-30 minutes a time. 59.7% of boys and 82.0% of girls strongly don't trust in the informations on weight loss. Both 74.0% of boys and 75.3% of girls think physical therapy is the most suitable way for obesity care.
The Purpose of this study is to investigate the video game bahaviors in middle and high school boys. The data were collected using questionnaires from 342 boys. The major results of this study were summarized as follows ; Most of the middle and high school boys attempted video game and have been done more than one year. The half of them spent one hour or more on video game once.
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