• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2000

Objectives : To assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in high school students in Cheju Province, Korea. Methods : A total of 4,570 high school students from 18 schools in Cheju Province were investigated for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies(IgG) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Risk factors for toxoplasmosis, such as place of residence, type of house, contact with cats and other pets, and rare meat consumption, were examined by questionnaire. Results . The overall antibody positive rate was 5.5% and ranged from 2.6 to 11.5% by school. There was no significant difference between males and females. Statistical analyses of the questionnaire data indicated that the risk factors for seropositivity were: (1) birth place (Cheju/others), (2) place of residence (rural/urban), (3) dietary habits (vegetarian/non vegetarian), (4) eating rare meat, (5) exposure to pets and (6) hepatitis B. Conclusion : We confirmed that the prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody in a population of high school students in Cheju Province was to the previously reported prevalence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1705-1712
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association of different viral infections, with hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-8 (HBV, HCV, EBV, CMV, HHV-8) with the risk of lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) among Egyptian patients, and correlate with the histopathological staging and typing as well as the prevalence of combined infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with 100 healthy age and sex matched normal controls were assayed for viral infection using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) followed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results showed a high statistical significant difference between cases and controls as regards clinical and laboratory findings (P<0.001 and=0.003). A high statistical difference was seen for the association of most viruses and lymphoma cases (p<0.001) except for positive HBs Ag, positive CMV IgG and HHV-8 (p=0.37, 0.70 and 1.0 respectively). No statistical significant difference was found between Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) as regards viral prevalence except HCV antigen, 57.1% for HL and 26.5% for NHL (p = 0.03). Only, HBV DNA showed a high significant value among infiltrated bone marrow cases (p=0.003) and finally, a high significant association of 2 combined viral infections with infiltrated bone marrow lymphoma cases (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results showed that infection with HBV, HCV, CMV and EBV were associated with increased risk of lymphoma among the Egyptian population. Detection of new associations between infectious agents and risk of cancer development will facilitate progress in elaboration of prophylactic measures, early diagnostic methods and, hopefully, novel therapy of malignant tumours.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) on clinical outcomes among high-risk patients. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1,368 patients and the same number of cycles, including 520 cycles with PGT-A and 848 cycles without PGT-A. The study participants comprised women of advanced maternal age (AMA) and those affected by recurrent implantation failure (RIF), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), or severe male factor infertility (SMF). Results: PGT-A was associated with significant improvements in the implantation rate (IR) and the ongoing pregnancy rate/live birth rate (OPR/LBR) per embryo transfer cycle in the AMA (39.3% vs. 16.2% [p<0.001] and 42.0% vs. 21.8% [p<0.001], respectively), RIF (41.7% vs. 22.0% [p<0.001] and 47.0% vs. 28.6% [p<0.001], respectively), and RPL (45.6% vs. 19.5% [p<0.001] and 49.1% vs. 24.2% [p<0.001], respectively) groups, as well as the IR in the SMF group (43.3% vs. 26.5%, p=0.011). Additionally, PGT-A was associated with lower overall incidence rates of early pregnancy loss in the AMA (16.7% vs. 34.3%, p=0.001) and RPL (16.7% vs. 50.0%, p<0.001) groups. However, the OPR/LBR per total cycle across all PGT-A groups did not significantly exceed that for the non-PGT-A groups. Conclusion: PGT-A demonstrated beneficial effects in high-risk patients. However, our findings indicate that these benefits are more pronounced in carefully selected candidates than in the entire high-risk patient population.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2024

Purpose: Although smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer (GC), studies assessing their effects on early-onset GC are limited. In this nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study, we assessed the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on early-onset GC in patients aged <50 years. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data of patients aged 20-39 years who underwent cancer and general health screening in the Korean National Health Screening Program between 2009 and 2012. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for GC incidence until December 2020. Results: We enrolled 6,793,699 individuals (men:women=4,077,292:2,716,407) in this cohort. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.4 years. During follow-up, 9,893 cases of GC (men:women=6,304:3,589) were reported. Compared with the aHRs (95% CI) of never-smokers, those of former and current-smokers were 1.121 (1.044-1.205) and 1.282 (1.212-1.355), respectively. Compared with the aHRs (95% CI) of non-consumers, those of low-moderate- and high-risk alcohol consumers were 1.095 (1.046-1.146) and 1.212 (1.113-1.321), respectively. GC risk was the highest in current-smokers and high-risk alcohol consumers (1.447 [1.297-1.615]). Interestingly, alcohol consumption and smoking additively increased the GC risk in men but not in women (P_interaction=0.002). Conclusion: Smoking and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors for early-onset GC in young Koreans. Further studies are needed to investigate sex-based impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on GC incidence in young individuals.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of various factors on smartphone addiction according to types of risk groups among middle school students. Methods: Data of 223 students were collected from February 1st to 22nd of 2020. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, χ² test, correlaton coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The smartphone addiction scale was used to classify the participants into two groups; 18.8% (n=42) of the total respondents were categorized as the addiction risk group and 81.2% (n=181) were categorized as the general population group. Results: The factors associated with the students in the high risk group were grade (t=3.89, p=.036) and religion (F=3.79, p=.044). In the high risk group, psychological anxiety (β=.39, p=.005) and relapse of internet addiction (β=.38, p=.006) explained 46.0% of smartphone addiction, while in the normal risk group, relapse of internet addiction (β=.42, p<.001), psychological anxiety (β=.22, p=.004), tolerance of internet addiction (β=.17, p=.007), and academic stress (β=.14, p=.027) explained 51.0% of smartphone addiction. Conclusion: In order to prevent smartphone addiction in middle school students, a more specific nursing intervention is needed that can reduce psychological anxiety and relapse of internet addiction. It is clear that urgent measures need to be taken for the highly addicted students such as academic counseling.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was conducted to assess the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors (serum lipid profiles, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar) and evaluate the risk profile of CVD by the clustering of the cardiovascular risk factors in school-aged children in the Kyoung-Gi area. Methods : The study sample consists of 208 11 year-old children (51.4% boys, 48.6% girls) who participated in a cross-sectional screening of cardiovascular risk factors. We surveyed their socio-demographic characteristics, measured the anthropometric variables and analyzed the biochemical markers. Results : Of the cardiovascular risk factors, the percentage risk of the BMI, dyslipidememia and hypertension were highest. The prevalence rates of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in girls was higher than in boys. Also, the associations of the BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were highly significant. In addition, the proportion of subjects with 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more risk factors were 29.3, 12.5, 2.9 and 1.9%, respectively; therefore, a total of 97 subjects (46.6%) had at least one more risk factor. Conclusions : From these findings, we concluded that the rates of hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk groups and obesity prevalence of these groups were relatively high. These data provide further evidence that the early intervention for cardiovascular health prevention and promotion in school-aged children is necessary at the population level.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Objectives : The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a commonly used psychological test measuring personality and psychopathology in both clinical and non-clinical population. This study was to evaluate characteristic MMPI-2 profile associated with the risk of suicide among college students. Methods : We analyzed the survey response of 2,964 college students who participated in a health survey from a school health center at a national university in 2011. Those who endorsed any of six items on the suicidaity module of MINI were classified as a suicide risk group and remaining students who did not as a control group. Then we compared the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score, the MMPI-2 Clinical scales and Restructured Clinical (RC) scales. To evaluate the correlation RC scales with suicidality score, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results : The suicide risk group was 464 students, and the control group was 2,500. The classification result of suicidality, 255 (8.6%) students were low-risk group, 149 (4.8%) students were moderate-risk group and 60 (2.0%) students were high-risk group. In the suicide risk group, VRIN, F scale, Clinical scale and RC scales were significantly higher. In the control group L, K and S scales were significantly higher. Suicidality score has significant correlation with all RC scales. Conclusion : In the suicide risk group, overall psychopathology was higher than the control group. Taken together, features of depressive symptom, antisocial behavior, aggressiveness, introversion may indicate the risk of suicide in college students. These results display both clinical and public health implications for clinicians and school health professionals.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 1994

경상남도 울산군 삼남면에 거주하는 894명의 60세 이상 노인인구를 대상으로 제요인별 고혈압의 상명상태 및 관리양상을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사된 노인 894명중 고혈압 유병률 27.5%였으며 남자에서는 26.0%, 여자에서는 28.6%로 나타났다. 2. 남자에서 제요인별 고혈압 유병률은 연령, 고혈압 가족력, 음주유무, 식염섭취량이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 3. 여자에서 제요인별 고혈압 유병률은 식염 섭취량 및 비만도가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 4. 고혈압의 진단동기에 관한 설문조사에서 증상이 있어 직접 진찰을 받아 전달 받은 경우 및 정기 신체검진에 진단 받은 경우는 각각 25.0%, 9.1%에 불과했고 나머지 65.9%는 다른 질병으로 병원에 갔다가 우연히 발견한 경우였다. 5. 과거 고혈압에 대한 치료 받은 경험율은 사회경제수준이 중류층 이상에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며 제요인별 치료장소는 전반적으로 과반수 이상이 병원을 선호하였으나 통계적 유의성을 인정할 수 없었다. 6. 고혈압에 대한 치료를 받지 않는 이유 및 치료중단 이유를 면접조사한 결과 각각 일상생활에 지장이 없기 때문이라고 응답한 경우가 45.5%, 지리적 여건이 완만치 못하기 때문이라고 응답한 경우가 47.6%로 가장 높았다. 7. 제요인별 고혈압에 대한 예방행동유무는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 8. 제요인별 향후 치료유무에서는 연령, 사회 경제수준, 고혈압가족적이 통계적으로 유의하였고 향후 치료장소는 전반적으로 병원을 선호하는 경향이 뚜렷하였으나 제요인별 향후치료장소는 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 9. 고혈압에 대한 치료를 받지 않을 것이라고 응답한 이유중 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하는 것은 46.8%로 일상생활에 지장이 없기 때문이라고 응답한 경우였다. 10. 제요인별 향후 예방행동유무는 연령, 교육수준, 사회경제수준, 고혈압 가족력이 통계적으로 유의하였다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

목 적 : 그동안의 인터넷 중독에 대한 연구는 청소년과 초기 성인기만을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 우리나라 성인 연령에서의 인터넷 중독의 위험성을 확인하고, 인터넷 중독이 수면에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 우리나라 성인인구를 대표할 수 있도록 인구비례 추출을 통해 508명의 대상을 선정하였고, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Korea (Audit-K), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), 최근 1년간의 약물 사용, 자살시도를 확인하여 325명을 최종 대상으로 연령, 성별, 거주지 등의 사회인구학적 요인과 함께 Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS)와 Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), 주중과 주말의 입면시각, 기상시각 그리고 카페인 음료 섭취 여부 등을 온라인 설문조사를 통해 조사하였다. 결 과 : 인터넷 중독 고위험 군은 총 325명 중 136명(41.8%), 정상사용 군은 189명(58.2%)이었다. 인터넷 중독 고위험 군은 정상사용 군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 남성이 많고, 나이가 어릴수록 인터넷 중독 고위험 군에 속하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났지만 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 인터넷 중독 고위험 군은 정상사용 군에 비해 저녁형의 비율이 높았으며, 인터넷을 사용하기 위해 카페인 음료를 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과는 성인에서도 인터넷 중독의 고위험 군이 많고, 청소년과 초기 성인기와 유사하게 성인에서도 인터넷 중독과 수면 사이에 의미 있는 연관이 있음을 보여주었다. 향후 인터넷 중독과 아침형-저녁형 간의 인과 관계를 밝히기 위한 종단 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2013

Background: Prospective cohort studies to determine cofactors with oncogenic HPV-infections for cervical cancer are very rare from developing countries and such data are limited to the few screening trials. Large screening trials provide such data as a by product. Some of the cases are prevented by screening and do not surface as invasive cancers at all. Also, pre-invasive lesions are detected almost entirely by screening. Screening causes selection bias if attendance in or effectiveness of screening is correlated with the risk factors. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of screening on risk factors for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Our material stems from a rural cohort of 80,000 women subjected to a randomised screening trial. The effect of screening on the incidence of cervix cancer was estimated with reference to socio-demographic and reproductive risk factors of cervical cancer. We compared these risks with the incidence of cancer in the randomised control population by the same determinants of risk. Results: The results in the screening arm compared to the control arm showed that the women of low SES and young age were benefitting more than those of high SES and old age. The relative risk by age (30-39 vs 50-59) was 0.33 in the control arm and 0.24 in the screening arm. The relative risk by education (not educated vs educated) was 2.8 in the control arm and 1.8 in the screening arm. The previously married women did not benefit (incidence 113 and 115 per 100,000 women years in control vs screening arms) whereas the effect was substantial in those married (86 vs 54). Conclusions: The results in controls were consistent with the general evidence, but results in attenders and nonattenders of the screening arm showed that screening itself and self-selection in attendance and effectiveness can influence the effect estimates of risk factors. The effect of cervical cancer screening programmes on the estimates of incidence of cervical cancer causes bias in the studies on etiology and, therefore, they should be interpreted with caution.