• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1998

The stability of cytarabine (manufactured by two pharmaceutical companies) in intravenous admixture and in plastic syringe was investigated. The admixures containing cytarabine 0.35, 8.6, and 17.1 mg/ml in $0.9\%\;NaCl\;or\;5\%$ D5W were placed in PVC bags or glass bottles, and the reconstituted cytarabine (50 mg/ml) was placed in plastic syringe. One ml aliquots were withdrawn immediately after each preparation and stored at $4^{\circ}C\;or\;24^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 days unprotected from light. Each sample was tested for pH and visually inspected for precipitation and change in color. Cytarabine concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Neither precipitation nor change in color was noted, and there were no change in pH during 14 days of testing. The changes in cytarabine concentrations were less than $10\%$. In conclusion, cytarabine in IV admixture or plastic syringe was stable for at least 14 days at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;24^{\circ}C.$(Kor. J. Clin. Pharm. 1998; 8(1): 59-67)

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

An anti-aging peptide was prepared from fish collagen hydrolysate (FCH) by ultrafiltration (MWCO; 1 kDa) and reversed-phased high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its anti-aging properties were evaluated based on the procollagen-synthesizing and MMP-1-inhibiting activities in Hs68 cells. A potent anti-aging peptide (fraction I-I) increased collagen synthesis by 46% and also inhibited MMP-1 secretion by 77%, compared with unpurified FCH. The amino acid sequence of fraction I-I was identified to be Gly-Arg-Arg-Gly-Asn-Lys (GRRGNK; the repeating Gly-X-Y sequence in collagen), and it had a molecular mass of 686.175 Da. It revealed that the anti-aging activity of GRRGNK was mainly due to skin protective effects. These results demonstrated that fish collagen hydrolysate may be a potential source of anti-aging peptides, which could be utilized in various field, including foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2006

The importance of natural preservative has increased in recent years. The natural preservatives have been used in the field of foods, cosmetics and pharmacology. In the present work Artemisia sp., well recognized for their effect of antimicrobial activity, were extracted by methanol and water sequentially for selecting only water-soluble compounds that can be used as additives in food and cosmetics. Antimicrobial activities of water extracts from stem and leaf of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Two gram positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and three gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coil, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas putida) were used for antimicrobial activity studies. The water-soluble compounds from methanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than only water extract to these bacteria. Comparative evaluation of water-soluble metabolite profiles with caffeic acid that is known as an antimicrobial compound from Artemisia sp. was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.653-656
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• 2009

This paper is intended as an investigation of the method of extraction and the analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy of decursin and decursinol angelate in the dried root of Angelica gigas Nakai. The extracted decursin and decursinol angelate were the purity of >95% using 60% ethanol at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours by HPLC analysis. Decursin and decursinol angelate were efficiently isolated using recycling HPLC. The purity of isolated decursin and decursinol angelate was identified as 99.97 and 99.40% by HPLC analysis, respectively. The molecular weights of Decursin and decursinol angelate were also identified as m/z=329 ($[M+H]^+$) and m/z=351 ($[M+Na]^+$) by mass spectroscopy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2014

The extraction of flavanones such as naringin, narirutin, naringenin, hesperidin, and hesperetin from grapefruit peels was performed using subcritical water extraction (SWE), hot water extraction, and conventional methods such as methanol and ethanol extraction. We analyzed the total flavanone content using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for each extracting method. Among the three methods, SWE was the optimal method with optimal operating conditions of $170^{\circ}C$ temperature and 10 min operating time. The maximum total flavanone extracted was $86.539{\pm}3.52mg/g$ grapefruit peels. Moreover, we treated the extracts with 60% ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and then analyzed the surface structure of the encapsulated compounds by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results indicated that the encapsulation in ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin improved solubilization, and the inclusion complex could serve as food supplements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.511-515
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• 2002

Paeoniae radix has been considered as one of the most important crude drugs used in traditional oriental medicine and has been employed as a circulatory tonic in care of weakness, night sweats, and lumbar pain, etc. Platelet activation plays an important role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Active compounds for the inhibition of platelet activation from Paeoniae radix were extracted and fractionated into five fractions. Its fraction two and three of ethyl acetate extract inhibited the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen. Two active compounds, bezoyloxypaeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were isolated from fraction two and three by silica gel column and high performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structures were determined by comparison of their proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin showed strong inhibition at the concentration of 100 ug/mL against collagen-induced washed rabbit platelets aggregation. It is suggested that Paeoniae radix has become food material to prevent a cardiovascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix by High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). HPLC was performed for determination of nodakenin and decursin in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (330 nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of nodakenin and decursin was about 11.47, 46.79 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2=0.9999, 0.9999), respectively. Content of nodakenin was $0.76\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in control, $0.31\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $0.51\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $0.82\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST)(p<0.05) and $0.88\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.01). Content of decursin was $4.50\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in control, $2.90\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $2.65\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $4.46\;{\pm}\;0.11%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST) and $4.73\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.05), respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.32.1-32.12
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• 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the polymerization efficiency of a matrix-modified bulk-fill composite, and compare it to a conventional composite which has a similar filler system. The degree of conversion (DC%) and monomer elution were measured over different storage periods. Additionally, fillers' content was examined. Materials and Methods: Cylindrical specimens were prepared, in bulk and incrementally, from Filtek Bulk Fill (B) and Filtek Supreme XTE (S) composites using a Teflon mold, for each test (n = 6). Using attenuated total reflection method of Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, DC% was measured after 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, elution of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate was measured after 24 hours, 7 days and 30 days. Filler content was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using 2-way mixed-model analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in DC% over different storage periods between B-bulk and S-incremental. Higher monomer elution was detected significantly from S than B. The elution quantity and rate varied significantly over storage periods and between different monomers. SEM images showed differences in fillers' sizes and agglomeration between both materials. Conclusions: Matrix-modified bulk-fill composites could be packed and cured in bulk with polymerization efficiency similar to conventional composites.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

A bioequivalence study of $Gomcillin^{TM}$ capsules (DAEWOONG Pharmaceutical Co., Korea) to $Famoxin^{TM}$ capsules (Dong Wha Pharm. Ind. Co., Korea) was conducted according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the amoxicillin dose of 500 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of amoxicillin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 8 hours after the administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Gomcillin^{TM}/Famoxin^{TM}$ were $log0.91\;{\sim}\;log1.03$ and $;log0.93\;{\sim}\;log1.10$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of $log0.80\;{\sim}\;log1.25$. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Gomcillin^{TM}$ and $Famoxin^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2012

A home-made meju sample contaminated naturally with aflatoxins was used for isolation of fungal strains. Overall, 230 fungal isolates were obtained on dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar plates. Morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of a partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA were used for the identification of the isolates. The fungal isolates were divided into 7 genera: Aspergillus, Eurotium, Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Mucor, Lichtheimia, and Curvularia. Three strains from 56 isolates of the A. oryzae/flavus group were found to be aflatoxigenic A. flavus, by the presence of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes and confirmatory aflatoxin production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The predominant isolate from DRBC plates was A. oryzae (42 strains, 36.2%), whereas that from DG18 was A. candidus (61 strains, 53.5%). Out of the 230 isolates, the most common species was A. candidus (34.3%) followed by A. oryzae (22.2%), Mucor circinelloides (13.0%), P. polonicum (10.0%), A. tubingensis (4.8%), and L. ramosa (3.5%). A. flavus and E. chevalieri presented occurrence levels of 2.2%, respectively. The remaining isolates of A. unguis, P. oxalicum, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum, A. acidus, E. rubrum, P. chrysogenum, M. racemosus, and C. inaequalis had lower occurrence levels of < 2.0%.