• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to solve the failure of fruiting body production in the bottle cultivation of the oyster mushroom cultivar 'Heuktari'. The effects of incubation temperature on primordium formation and fruiting body yield of the oyster mushroom cultivar 'Heuktari' were investigated. The proper temperature for mycelium growth of 'Heuktari' on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium is 23-26℃. The mycelial growth of 'Heuktari' was faster than that of Chunchu 2ho. During mycelial culture in sawdust medium, the temperature of the medium in the bottle initially increased, reached the highest point in the middle of the culture, and then decreased. The higher the set temperature, the shorter the incubation period. When the incubation temperatures were 20℃ and 24℃, respectively, the undeveloped primordium formation rates were low (1.8% and 4.2%, respectively). However, the rate of undeveloped primordium formation increased, and the yield decreased at incubation temperatures of 16℃ and 28℃. Mushroom farms that set incubation temperatures to 18℃ and maintained the medium temperature at less than 28℃ showed undeveloped primordium formation rates ranging between 0.3-0.8%. The rate of undeveloped primordium formation increased and the yield decreased in the farms with high incubation temperatures (above 28℃). We found that in order to reduce undeveloped primordium formation, the air inside the incubation room should be circulated continuously so that the temperature of the medium does not rise above 28℃, and dense incubation conditions should be avoided.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Since the active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) encapsulation process is very vulnerable to moisture and oxygen, high-purity nitrogen with minimal moisture and oxygen must be used. In this study, a copper-based catalyst used to remove oxygen from nitrogen in the AMOLED encapsulation process was optimized. Two-component and three-component catalysts composed of CuO, Al2O3, or ZnO were prepared through a co-precipitation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using BET, XRD, TPR, and XRF analysis. In order to verify the oxygen removal performance of the catalyst, several catalytic reactions were conducted in a fixed bed reactor, and the corresponding oxygen contents were measured through an oxygen analyzer. In addition, reusability of the catalysts was proven through repetitive regeneration. The properties and oxygen removal capacity of the catalysts prepared with CuO and Al2O3 ratios of 6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2 were compared. The number of active sites of the catalyst with a ratio of CuO and Al2O3 of 8 : 2 was the highest among the 2-component catalysts. Moreover, the reducibility of the catalyst with a ratio of CuO and Al2O3 of 8 : 2 was the best as it had the highest CuO dispersion. As a result, the oxygen removal ability of the catalyst with a ratio of CuO and Al2O3 of 8 : 2 was the best among the 2-component catalysts. The best oxygen removal capacity was obtained when 2wt% of ZnO was added to the sub-optimized catalyst (i.e., CuO : Al2O3 = 8 : 2) probably due to its outstanding reducibility. Furthermore, the optimized catalyst kept its performance during a couple of regeneration tests.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.177-192
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• 2021

The Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development discusses the reorganization of the five evaluation criteria of the Public Development Assistance Committee, which are used internationally, and the five evaluation criteria including adequacy, efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability when assessing public development assistance in 1991. This study is to derive alternatives by applying the evaluation criteria of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the evaluation of the inclusive business program being implemented in Nepal since 2019. As a result of the study, the adequacy of Nepal's inclusive business program was consistent with continuous employment and job creation for vulnerable groups such as disabled and orphan women. Efficiency can be said to be efficient in that processes such as work order and work confirmation are made with an electronic management tool, and delivery of the result is transmitted online, saving time and cost compared to other industries. The effectiveness of this project can be said to be an effective program in that it provides high-quality jobs such as providing specialized computer graphics education for the vulnerable, such as disabled and orphan women in Nepal, and hiring graduates as employees. Sustainability is the point that KOICA's inclusive business program has enabled vulnerable groups in the existing fields of agriculture and manufacturing to engage in the computer graphics industry, and the scalability of movies, characters, education businesses, and role models in other countries.However, considering that the scale of public development assistance will continue to increase in the future, it is necessary to establish a systematic monitoring system and a recirculation system so that the project between the donor and recipient countries can continue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the use of home meal replacement (HMR) and delivered foods and food habits of college students due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A survey was conducted on 460 male and female college students in Chungcheong province in December 2020. Results: The methods of participation in classes in the 2nd semester of 2020 were 40.2% for '100% non-face-to-face' and 40.4% for 'more than 70.0% of non-face-to-face classes'. 52.8% of the subjects responded that their physical activity had decreased, while 36.1% of the subjects responded that their body weight had increased over the past 6 months. Regarding the use of HMR, 62.7% of the male students and 69.6% of the female students responded with '1-2 times a week or less' before the outbreak of COVID-19. After the outbreak, 57.4% of males and 46.7% of females responded with '3-4 times a week or more' (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). As for the use of delivered food, 58.3% of the females responded with '2-3 times a month or less' before the outbreak, whereas the rate of responding with '1 or more times a week' after the outbreak was 64.6% (p < 0.001). Negative changes in food habits caused by COVID-19 were in the order of irregular meals (56.7%), increased intake of delivered food (42.2%), increased intake of snacks (33.3%), and increased intake of processed foods such as HMR (30.4%). Conclusion: As mentioned above, many college students had non-face-to-face classes due to COVID-19. During this period, they experienced decreased physical activity, weight gain, and undesirable eating habits such as irregular meal time, and increased intake of processed foods, delivery foods, and snacks. Therefore, there is a high need for nutrition education and policy support for the prevention and management of health and nutrition problems of college students, which can be caused due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a process-based evaluation program with the theme of school space design in the housing area of the middle school home economics. In order to achieve For thispurpose, a process-based evaluation program based on the theme of school space design was developed following the ADDIE instructional design model, and the program was executed to a total of 93 students. A questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were conducted for the evaluation of the program. The results of this study are as follows. First, based on the results of a 2015-Revised Curriculum analysis, a school space design program evaluation plan was established, and two evaluation tasks were developed. Accordingly, scoring criteria were prepared and 8 evaluation materials for students and 2 evaluation materials for teachers were developed. A total of 9 sessions were developed for teaching and learning activities and evaluation-linked operation procedures to perform evaluation tasks. As a result of an expert validity test for the program, all items were verified to be appropriate in content validity and content composition with an average of 3.6 to 4 points (4 points). Second, after conducting the school space design program, a survey on students were conducted, and as a result, all three areas of school space design class, process-based evaluation, interest scored high in average scores of 4.12 to 4.27 out of 5. According to the survey and interview results, the program provided new learning opportunities for school space design, the students were able to reach the suggested achievement goals, and the self-assessment, peer evaluation and teacher feedback positively affected the students during the learning process so that they could reflect on their learning and actively participate in the subsequent learning activity. This study has a limitation in generalizability in that the program was conducted on a limited number of students, and future studies are expected to expand the scope in terms of research participants, evaluation criteria, and school space design classes. This study laid the foundation for theory and practice by developing and implementing a process-based evaluation program for home economics education, and it has contribution in that it suggested the possibility that teachers and students can take the initiatives in school space design, focusing on the housing content elements of home economics.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.603-614
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• 2021

Recently, the surface temperature in the seas around Korea has been continuously rising. This temperature rise causes changes in fishery resources and affects leisure activities such as fishing. In particular, high temperatures lead to the occurrence of red tides, causing severe damage to ocean industries such as aquaculture. Meanwhile, changes in sea temperature are closely related to military operation to detect submarines. This is because the degree of diffraction, refraction, or reflection of sound waves used to detect submarines varies depending on the ocean mixed layer. Currently, research on the prediction of changes in sea water temperature is being actively conducted. However, existing research is focused on predicting only the surface temperature of the ocean, so it is difficult to identify fishery resources according to depth and apply them to military operations such as submarine detection. Therefore, in this study, we predicted the temperature of the ocean mixed layer at a depth of 38m by using temperature data for each water depth in the upper mixed layer and meteorological data such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunlight that are related to the surface temperature. The data used are meteorological data and sea temperature data by water depth observed from 2016 to 2020 at the IEODO Ocean Research Station. In order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of prediction, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), which is known to be suitable for time series data among deep learning techniques, was used. As a result of the experiment, in the daily prediction, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the model using temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunlight data together was 0.473. On the other hand, the RMSE of the model using only the surface temperature was 0.631. These results confirm that the model using meteorological data together shows better performance in predicting the temperature of the upper ocean mixed layer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2021

Low-density transplanting is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs. In this study, the growth and yield of several varieties with different tillering characteristics were analyzed in order to establish an appropriate planting density for low-density transplanting. Varieties with Low-Tillering (LT), Medium-Tillering (MT), and High-Tillering (HT) were planted at a density of 37-80 hills/3.3 m². As the planting density decreased, the number of tillers per hill increased, but the number of tillers per square meter of hill decreased, especially for the LT variety. Decreasing density extended the tillering stage, which was longest in the LT variety. As the planting density decreased, SPAD(Soil plant analysis development, chlorophyll meter) values just before heading increased while canopy light interception decreased. Such changes were much greater in the LT variety than in the MT and HT varieties. The heading date tended to be delayed by 0-2 days as the planting density decreased, and there was no difference in the length of the period from first heading to full heading. As the number of spikelets per panicle increased, the number of spikelets per square meter did not differ according to the planting density. Decreasing planting density did not affect the grain weight; nevertheless, the yield ultimately decreased because of the decreasing ripening rate. The optimal planting density for stable low-density transplanting cultivation was determined to be over 50 hills/3.3 m2. In addition, these results suggest that LT varieties should be avoided, since these showed large decreases in growth and yield with decreasing planting density.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

An automatic optimization technique is used to estimate the optimal parameters of the hydrologic model, and different hydrologic response results can be provided depending on objective functions. In this study, the parameters of the event-based rainfall-runoff model were estimated using various objective functions, the reproducibility of the hydrograph according to the objective functions was evaluated, and appropriate objective functions were proposed. As the rainfall-runoff model, the storage function model(SFM), which is a lumped hydrologic model used for runoff simulation in the current Korean flood forecasting system, was selected. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the hydrograph for each objective function, 9 rainfall events were selected for the Cheoncheon basin, which is the upstream basin of Yongdam Dam, and widely-used 7 objective functions were selected for parameter estimation of the SFM for each rainfall event. Then, the reproducibility of the simulated hydrograph using the optimal parameter sets based on the different objective functions was analyzed. As a result, RMSE, NSE, and RSR, which include the error square term in the objective function, showed the highest accuracy for all rainfall events except for Event 7. In addition, in the case of PBIAS and VE, which include an error term compared to the observed flow, it also showed relatively stable reproducibility of the hydrograph. However, in the case of MIA, which adjusts parameters sensitive to high flow and low flow simultaneously, the hydrograph reproducibility performance was found to be very low.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.252-271
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• 2022

This article examines the characteristics of the royal tombs of the late Silla Dynasty with the statues of the 12 animal deities(Zodiac) and estimates the process of change. The features of the statues show a difference in their combination in terms of continuity and similarity of the object in their hands. In addition, there is a difference in the shape of the face of the stone statue, and differences are observed in the orientation and aspect ratio of the statue according to the sculptural method. The characteristics of these statues are somewhat different from the previously studied protected-stone and manufacturing techniques. For example, the Zodiac statues that are flattened from high relief to low relief are known to be decorated in realistic expressions, but they tend to be treated as separate conditions because they do not match the change of the stone. In addition, there was a characteristic that did not show regular changes, such as appearing and disappearing again when there was no balustrade in the tomb. Summing up the characteristics of each part, the Zodiac statues are largely divided into curved angles and flat angles according to the sculptural technique, and the head orientation and clothing of the statue are related. They are divided into two categories and can be viewed as having temporality according to the aspect ratio. These characteristic changes are consistent with the continuity of features and changes in the object in the hands of the 12 Zodiac statues. Therefore, the number of faces with protected-stone changes were gradually increasing in trend. As a result, there is a possibility that the Gujeongdong Square-shape Tomb and King Jindeok Tomb are earlier royal tombs than the Wonseong Royal Tomb. Therefore, the royal tombs of the late Silla Dynasty have a complete, tomb structure, containing the 12 animal god statues, ceremonial spaces(拜禮空間), Shindo(神道), stone statues(石像), and tombstones. This can be understood as a basic motif for the royal tomb structures of Goryeo and Joseon.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2022

The mobility and transport of radioactive cesium are crucial factors to consider for the safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal sites in granite. The retardation of radionuclides in the fractured crystalline rock is mainly controlled by the hydrochemical condition of groundwater and surface reactions with minerals present in the fractures. This paper reports the experimental results of cesium sorption to the Wonju Granite, a typical Mesozoic granite in Korea, performed in an anaerobic chamber that mimics the anoxic environment of a deep disposal site. We measured the rates and amounts of cesium (¹³³Cs) removed by crushed granite samples in different electrolyte (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl₂) solutions and a synthetic groundwater solution, with variations in the initial cesium concentration (10^-5, 5×10^-6, 10^-6, 5×10^-7 M). The cesium sorption kinetic and isotherm data were successfully simulated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (r²= 0.99) and the Freundlich isotherm model (r²= 0.99), respectively. The sorption distribution coefficient of granite increased almost linearly with increasing biotite content in granite samples, indicating that biotite is an effective cesium scavenger. The cesium removal was minimal in KCl solution compared to that in NaCl or CaCl₂ solution, regardless of the ionic strength and initial cesium concentration that we examined, showing that K⁺ is the most competitive ion against cesium in sorption to granite. Because it is the main source mineral of K⁺ in fracture fluids, biotite may also hinder the sorption of cesium, which warrants further research.