• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.614-621
• /
• 1997

The experiments were performed to investigate the effects of protein and protein hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rat model induced by feeding fat-enriched diet. In Except 1 male rats were fed four semi-purified high fat and cholesterol diets that contained different nitrogen source, casein(C), casein hydrolysate(CH), corn gluten(G) and corn gluten hydrolysate(GH), for 6 weeks. In Expt. 2 rats were fed high fat and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed the four kinds of above experimental diets for 4 weeks consecutively. The contents of total lipid , cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver and feces were determined. Serum lipid concentrations of CH, G and GH were significantly lower than that of C. Serum cholesterol concentrations of hydrolysate groups(CH and GH) were significantly lower than those of intact protein groups(C and G). Serum HDL -cholesterol concentration tended to increase by hydrolysate intake. The total lipid, cholesterol contents in liver showed similarity results as above. Fecal lipid excretions of CH, G, and GH groups were significantly higher than that of C group. These results indicate that hypolipidemic and /or hypocholesterolemic effect of corn gluten or protein hydrolysates were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat and cholesterol diet or after inducing hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.255-265
• /
• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the effect of age on the lipid metabolism in the rats fed different diets. In experiment A male Wistar rats of 5 weeks of age and of 32 weeks of age were divided into low fat diet groups and high fat-cholesterol groups. The rats were sacrificed 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after experiment begins. Also after 4 weeks. the rats in low and high fat diet groups were tube-fed 500mg of choelsterol and were sacrified 3 days later. In experiment b, male Wistar rats of 4 weeks of age and of 6 months of age were divided into 2 groups of butter and cron oil groups. And then eachgroup were divided into 2 subgroups ; meal feeding and nibbling groups . Each diet was fed for 4 weeks. In experiment A, age of the rats and experimental diets did not affect the serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were higher in rats fed high fat cholesterol diet than in those fed low-fat or high -fat diets, but age of the animals had no effect on liver lipid content. The weight and cholesterol content of epidymal fat pad, however were higher in adult rats than in young ones regardless of the diets fed. When the rats were challenged with 500mg cholesterol, the rates of increase in serum and hepatic cholesterol level were higher in adult rats compared to young rats regardless of the diets . On the other hand, the rate of increase of small intestinal cholesterol content was lower in adult rats than in young rats. In experiment B, serum cholesterol and triglyceride content were relatively higher in young rats than adult ones. Stored body lipid was higher in adult rats, as judged by epididymal fat pad weight and total carcass lipid. Meal frequency and the kinds of fat in the diet did not affect the serum choelstero concentration . The serum triglyceride levels. however, was higher in butter fed rats thancron oil fed ones. The cholesterol content of live rand epididymal fat pad was lower in butter fed groups than corn oil groups for both young and adult rats, but there was no difference in liver triglycerides livel.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the term effect of fermented milk in drink on rats fed by cholesterol diet. 150 to 5-week-old male rates of Sprague-Dawley strain weer divided into six groups according to diet and content of fermented milk in drink. The first group served as normal control group fed by synthetic pellets of standard diet. The second , cholesterol control group, was treated with standard diet containing 1% of cholesterol and 500000IU/100g of vitamin D2. The other four groups. fermented milk groups, FM-25,FM-50 , FM 75 and FM-100 were treated with the cholesterol and vitamin D2 diet and supplied with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of fermented milk in drink , respectively. The animals were sacrificed for analysis in 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Weight gain, diet intake , and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Fermented milk reduced serum cholesterol to a significant effect (p<0.05) and significantly increased the ratio of high density lipprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol(p<0.05). Serum triglycerides were reduced to a smaller and less significant effect in fermented milk group. The aorta and liver of fermented milk showed slighter medial calcification and necrosis and milder fat degeneration than did the cholesterol control group. Supplementation of fermented milk may have a helpful effect on hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diet. Experimental rats were divided into five groups which were composed of normal diet group (N), high fat·high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat·high cholesterol diet with 5% Oenanthe javanica powder diet group (OP), high fat·high cholesterol diet with 5% Allium tuberosum powder diet group (AP) and high fat·high cholesterol diet with 2.5% Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum powder diet group (OAP). The serum TG content of the HF group was significantly increased compared to the N group, but that of the OAP group was significantly decreased. Serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the OAP group was significantly increased compared to the HF group. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and AI of the HF group were increased compared to the N group and especially the LDL-cholesterol of OP and OAP groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The liver TG and total cholesterol contents of the HF group were significantly increased compared to the N group, while TG contents of the OAP group was significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol of OP, AP and OAP groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.226-235
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the cholesterol lowering effect and weight reduction of autoclaved soy flour, cheonggulgang and doenjang, which are fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g, were divided into five groups; a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% autoclaved soy flour group (HFC-S), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% cheonggulgang group (HFC-CJ), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% deonjang group (HFC-DJ). The body weight gain and adipose tissues weights increased in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but decreased significantly in rats fed autoclaved soy flour, cheonggulgang and doenjang, compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in the all HFC groups (HFC, HFC-S.HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ) than that of the N group, However, there was no differences in the food intake between HFC diet groups. Serum triglyceride level increased with a high-fat/high-cholesterol dietgroup whereas HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ groups were markedly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with N group. Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and level of total cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than that of the HFC group, but exerted no significant change between the HFC groups on levels of total lipid and triglyceride in the liver. Fecal total lipid content increased in the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than those of the HFC group and HFC-S group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissues decreased in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group compared with the HFC group. These results suggest that dietary cheonggulgang and doenjang may exert cholesterol-lowering effect and prevent obesity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of onion, red onion, or quercetin on plasma antioxidant vitamin, lipid peroxidation, and leukocyte DNA damage in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Forty SD male rats were assigned to normal control, high fat-cholesterol diet (HF), or HF+5% onion powder, HF+5% red onion powder, or HF+0.0l% quercetin. The HF diet resulted in significantly higher plasma lipid peroxidation which decreased with onion, red onion, or quercetin supplementation. Leukocyte DNA damage induced by HF diet decreased significantly in rats fed onion and red onion, while quercetin supplementation had no effect on preventing leukocyte DNA damage. $H_2O_2$ induced leukocyte DNA damage exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with plasma retinol and tocopherols. These results suggest that onion or red onion powder exerts a protective effect with regard to DNA damage in rats fed HF diet. However, 0.01% quercetin in pure form might not be effective at preventing DNA damage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2001

The effect of petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) and panaxydol extracted from red ginseng on serum cholesterol levels was examined in rats and mice fed on a high cholesterol diet. When 2% cholesterol diet containing PESF (800mg/kg diet) or panaxydol (100mg/kg diet) was fed to mice for two weeks, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the serum were significantly decreased in PESF and panaxydol treated group. Panaxydol (5, 10mg/kg b.w./day) was administered for 3 consecutive days by intraperitoneal injection in rats fed on 1% cholesterol diet. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels of panaxydol administered group (5 mg/kg b.w./day) were decreased by 55%, 33% and 67% compared with those of the control group, respectively. However, a significant increase of serum HDL-cholesterol was observed on panaxydol administered group. Furthermore, hepatic cholestrol levels was significantly decreased in panaxydol administered group. These results suggest that panaxydol could protect hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.218-224
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Pueraria radix extract on lipid metabolism in the rats fed high fat diet. Male sprague dawley rats were given 5% Pueraria radix extract and fed diet containing 20 weight % fat. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Serum ALT and AST activities were reduced by Pueraria radix extract. Levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were higher in the HF group than in the control, but showed no significant differences between control and HF Pue group. Liver total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were increased by high fat diet, but were lower in the HF Pue group than in the HF group. Fat absorption rate was increased with high fat diet feeding and higher in the HF Pue group than in the HF group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2003

The effect of feeding a cyclic oligosaccharide, $\beta$-cyclodextrin($\beta$CD) on plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride concentrations and on antithrombotic activity were investigated in rats fed a control chow diet, or one either high in cholesterol or in saturated fat. The bleeding time of $\beta$CD-fed groups was significantly prolonged by 293%, 157% and 218% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The whole blood clotting time was significantly increased by 202%, 168% and 211% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The $\beta$CD diet caused a marked decrease in plasma total lipid(TL), triacylglyceride(TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. The plasma TL concentration was significantly decreased by 70%, 82% and 87% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to the control group, respectively(p<0.05). The plasma TAG concentration was significantly decreased by 89%, 43% and 59% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The plasma TC concentration was significantly decreased by 28%, 62% and 36% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The LDL-C concentration was significantly decreased by 39%, 54% and 25% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The plasma total bile acids contents of $\beta$CD group was significantly increased by 66%, 95% and 97% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lowered by 41% in the $\beta$CD-fed group compared to normal diet fed rats(p<0.05). The fecal steroid excretions of the $\beta$CD groups was significantly increased by 167% in normal diet fed rats(p<0.05). These results suggest that the $\beta$CD has a biological active function on antithrombotic activity and is hypolipidemic, hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolimic agents. These are all effects that can help to prevent obesity and coronary heart disease in humans.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.336-343
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of caffeine on lipid and mineral content in the serum of rats given a caffeine free diet(FC), a low caffeine diet(LC), a medium caffeine diet(MC), a high caffeine diet(HC) or a super-high caffeine diet(SHC) for 5 weeks. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight, $110{\pm}0.3$ g) were blocked into 5 groups and fed diets with or without pure caffeine. Caffeine intake models showed a lower mean-weight gain, food intake and food efficiency in the high caffeine diet groups(MC, HC and SHC groups) than the groups receiving a caffeine free or low caffeine diet(FC and LC groups). Serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels decreased, but the serum HDL-cholesterol level increased according to the increase in caffeine intake. Serum total lipid, HDL-cholesterol and serum triglyceride were significantly lower in the HC and SHC groups than the FC group. All of the serum minerals decreased as caffeine intake increased. Serum iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus significantly decreased in the HC and SHC groups compared to the FC group. Caffeine intake was associated with less weight gain and reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid. The results suggest that rats fed high amounts of caffeine may be susceptible to osteoporosis due to their low levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.