• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2015

Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp), which is the precursor of bioactive metabolites like indole-3-acetic acid and other indole alkaloids. Alpha anthranilate synthase 2 (OsASA2) plays a critical role in the feedback inhibition of tryptophan biosynthesis. In this study, two vectors with single (F124V) and double (S126F/L530D) point mutations of the OsASA2 gene for feedback-insensitive ${\alpha}$ subunit of rice anthranilate synthase were constructed and transformed into wildtype Dongjinbyeo by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic single and double mutant lines were selected as a single copy using TaqMan PCR utilized nos gene probe. To select intergenic lines, the flanking sequence of RB or LB was digested with a BfaI enzyme. Four intergenic lines were selected using a flanking sequence tagged (FST) analysis. Expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) of the transgenes resulted in the accumulation of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and tryptophan content as a free amino acid in seeds also increased up to 30 times relative to the wildtype. Two homozygous event lines, S-TG1 and D-TG1, were selected for characterization of agronomic traits and metabolite profiling of seeds. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), related to ion transfer and nutrient supply, were upregulated and DEGs related to co-enzymes that work as functional genes were down regulated. These results suggest that two homozygous event lines may prove effective for the breeding of crops with an increased level of free tryptophan content.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among the anthropometry, serum lipid levels and nutrient intake in Korean female university students. The subjects were 119 female students at a university located in Incheon. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data were measured and blood lipid levels were analyzed. Nutrient intake collected from 3 day-recalls was analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of the subjects were 20.9 years, 160.1cm and 54.3kg, respectively. Average serum TG (triglyceride), total cholesterol, HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels of the subjects were 69.47mg/dl, 146.85 mg/dl, 50.49mg/dl and 82.52mg/dl, respectively. Average AI (atherogenic index) of the subjects was 2.03, which was in the normal range based on risk values. Average intake of most nutrients except protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially calcium and iron intakes of the subjects were under 65% of the Korean RDA. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were negatively correlated with DBP (diastolic blood pressure). HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol were positively correlated with height. Age was positively correlated with phosphorus intake. DBP of the subjects was positively correlated with calcium and iron intakes. Serum TG level was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol. Total cholesterol level was positively correlated with HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C, HDL-C/total cholesterol. HDL-C level was positively correlated with LDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with AI. LDL-C level was negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while positively correlated with AI HDL-C/LDL-C ratio was positively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol and AI. HDL-C/total cholesterol was negatively correlated with AI. Fat intake was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C level, and vitamin B$_2$ intake was positively correlated with TG, HDL-C/LDL-C. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to promote the lipid profile and to optimize the nutritional status. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 151∼158, 2002)

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.585-593
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• 1988

The lipid contents and neutral lipid components of brown rice, milled rice and bran were studied for four varieties of rice such as Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung. Total lipid contents of brown rice, milled rice and bran were 2.65%, 1.09% and 20.24% respectively. The ratios of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in total lipids were 82.53:12.39:4.08 in brown rice and 87.72:7.02:5.26 in bran. Neutral lipids were separated on the TLC; among them 6 neutral lipids were identified by comparing the RF value of standards. Triglycerides(TG), free fatty acids(FFA) and steryl esters(SE) were major neutral lipid components in brown rice, milled rice and bran. TG content of the bran, compared to that of brown rice and milled rice, was very low in contrast the FFA content was high. The major fatty acids of total lipid and neutral lipid fractions were palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids, comprising over 95% of these classes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.594-602
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• 2010

Since the requirement of the high density integration and thin package technique of semiconductor have been increasing, the main package type of semiconductor will be a chip scale package (CSP). The changes of diffusion coefficient and moisture content ratio of epoxy resin systems according to the change of liquid type epoxy resin and fillers for CSP applications were investigated. The epoxy resins used in this study are RE-304S, RE310S, and HP-4032D, and Kayahard MCD as hardener and 2-methylimidazole as catalyst were used in these epoxy resin systems. The micro-sized and nano-sized spherical type fused silica as filler were used in order to study the moisture absorption properties of these epoxy molding compound (EMC) according to the change of filler size. The temperature of glass transition (Tg) of these EMC was measured using Dynamic Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and the moisture absorption properties of these EMC according to the change of time were observed at $85^{\circ}C$ and 85% relative humidity condition using a thermo-hygrostat. The diffusion coefficients in these EMC were calculated in terms of modified Crank equation based on Ficks' law. An increase of diffusion coefficient and maximum moisture absorption ratio with Tg in these systems without filler can be observed, which are attributed to the increase of free volume with Tg. In the EMC with filler, the changes of Tg and maximum moisture absorption ratio with the filler content can be hardly observed, however, the diffusion coefficients of these systems with filler content show the outstanding changes according to the filler size. The diffusion via free volume is dominant in the EMC with micro-sized filler; however, the diffusion with the interaction of absorption according the increase of the filler surface area is dominant in the EMC with nano-sized filler.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

Anionic polymerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) was investigated under various reaction conditions such as various hexafluoropropylene (HFP) oligomers composed of dimer and trimer, reaction temperatures, and feeding rates of hexafluoropropylene oxide monomer. HFP oligomer was synthesized from cesium fluoride (CsF) and HFP in tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether (TG). Under 5 g of CsF, 200 g of HFP, 10 g of TG, and reaction temperature $30^{\circ}C$, HFP dimer content in oligomer was relatively increased. HFPO oligomer with a high molecular weight ($M_w$ 3600) was synthesized in conditions of reaction temperature $0^{\circ}C$, HFP oligomer with 35.1% of dimer, and 1.85 g/min of HFPO feeding rate. Otherwise, chain transfer was increased under unoptimized reaction conditions. Consequently, it was found that reaction conditions impact chain propagation and chain transfer in the anionic polymerization of HFPO.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.351-361
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the isomaltooligosaccharides present during Makgeolli production according to the type of Nuruk used, fermentation period, and presence of microorganisms. Makgeolli was fermented for 15 days using three kinds of Nuruk (Soyul, Sansung, and Jinju) with and without microbial growth inhibitors. Isomaltooligosaccharide contents were analyzed using high performance anion exchange chromatography. The most abundant isomaltooligosaccharide was panose, which was highest in Makgeolli produced using Soyul Nuruk (SH) on day 6 (24.7 mM), followed by Makgeolli prepared using Sansung Nuruk (SS) on day 2 (18.2 mM) and Makgeolli prepared using Jinju Nuruk (JJ) on day 3 (10.8 mM). Isomaltotriose and isomaltotetraose, which were generated in the control, were not detected when microbial growth was suppressed. Based on these results, isomaltooligosaccharide production is affected more by the enzymes produced by microorganisms during Makgeolli fermentation than by Nuruk itself.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.302-308
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diet. Experimental rats were divided into five groups which were composed of normal diet group (N), high fat·high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat·high cholesterol diet with 5% Oenanthe javanica powder diet group (OP), high fat·high cholesterol diet with 5% Allium tuberosum powder diet group (AP) and high fat·high cholesterol diet with 2.5% Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum powder diet group (OAP). The serum TG content of the HF group was significantly increased compared to the N group, but that of the OAP group was significantly decreased. Serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the OAP group was significantly increased compared to the HF group. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and AI of the HF group were increased compared to the N group and especially the LDL-cholesterol of OP and OAP groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The liver TG and total cholesterol contents of the HF group were significantly increased compared to the N group, while TG contents of the OAP group was significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol of OP, AP and OAP groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of Oenanthe javanica and Allium tuberosum may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1217-1225
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shellfish on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat supplements. Male sprague-dawley rats weighting approximately 165g were fed a basal diet, a high fat diet, or a high fat diet plus shellfish for 4 weeks. The shellfishes on the were oyster, hard-shelled mussel, little neck clam, and march clam. Alfter 4 weeks high fat diet, supplementation of 20% lard significantly increased plasma. GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP , and liver triglyceride (TG). Plasma GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP , triglyceride, and total cholestrerol levels were significantly lower in shellfish groups than in basal and high-fat groups regardless of high-fat supplementation (p<0.05). The total lipid and cholesterol content in liver showed similar results(p<0.05). There were no differences in glucose, HDL-cholesterol in plasma and total cholesterol and total lipid in liver between basal and high-fat supplemented diets. Liong chain fatty acids, specific components of shellfishes group, were exclusively higher than in basal and high-fat diets, and were most well-reflected in liver and plasma. From the above results, the hypolipidemic effects of shellfish were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat supplement.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

Effects of Bupleuri Radix, Paeonie Radix or Uncariae Ramulus et rncus on experimental yperlipidemia were studied. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding them on high holesterol diet for one week, as previously described by the authors. Blood lipid profile was verified on these ats by measuring total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) and low ensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL). Then, the rats were followed by feeding normal diet. At the same time, ethanol extracts of the three individual herb medicines were orally administered to the rats for 4 weeks and the parameters above mentioned were monitored. Methanol extract of 5Bupleuri radix reduced the TC value significantly at 2 week point and Paeoneae Radix reduced the TC value at 4 week point in compare to control group, suggesting the antihyperlipidemic effect of the two herbal medicines in vivo. The extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus however did not show antihyperlipidemic effect in our experiment.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

In a high-speed flash style or a pipelining style analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter), the DC reference fluctuation caused by external noises becomes serious, as the sampling frequency is increased. To reduce the fluctuations in conventional A/D converters, capacitors have been simply used, but the layout area was large. Instead of capacitors, a low-noise and small-size DC reference circuit based on transmission gate (TG) is proposed in this paper. In order to verify the proposed technique, we designed and manufactured a 6-bit 2GSPS CMOS A/D converter. The A/D converter is designed with a 0.18um 1-poly 6-metal n-well CMOS technology, and it consumes 145mW at 1.8V power supply. It occupies the chip area of 977um by 1040um. The measured result shows that SNDR is 36.25 dB and INL/DNL is within 0.5LSB, even though the DC reference fluctuation is serious.