• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.943-950
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. All groups increased the activity of serum ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH levels with increasing NaF. In addition the fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in oral NaF groups (NF3~NF50) were significantly increased by adding sodium fluoride in comparison with normal diet group (ND) (p<0.05). These results, a high concentration of sodium fluoride was determined that the toxicity to various organ tissues.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2014

Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as obesity and digestive trouble in Far East countries, including Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of feral haw on hepatic functional enzymes in dyslipidemic rats. Four groups of male rats (Sprague Dawley strain) were fed different diets for 5 weeks: NND (normal-nondyslipidemic diet) group, NNDH (normal-nondyslipidemic diet + haw extract) group, CDD (control-dyslipidemic diet) group and DDH (dyslipidemic diet + haw extract) group. ALP (alkaline phosphatase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) activities were significantly higher in the CDD group than the NND group. However, haw extract supplement significantly reduced hepatic functional enzyme activities compared to the CDD group. Lipid deposition of the DDH group decreased compared to the CDD group. The size of adipose tissue decreased significantly in the DDH group compared to the CDD group. These results suggest that feral haw could be used as a food resource and functional food material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.911-913
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• 2002

Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.), oriental medicine, has been used for remedy of the liver diseases and for tonic. In order to investigate the oxygen free radical, a harmful factor of aging, in liver of rats fed diets supplemented with the Rubi Fructus water extract(RX), Sprague-Dawley male rats have been fed a diet supplemented with 3% or 5% RX for a month. In rats fed 3% RX supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents appeared to be increased, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased compared with the control. There was no difference in glutathione peroxide and glutathione-S-transferase activities between the rats fed RX supplemented diets and the control diet. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with RX may have the oxygen free radicals detoxication potential.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

Cnidii Rhizoma water extract (CRW) was tested for liver cancer chemopreventive potential by measuring the inhibition of phase I enzyme and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. There was 17.0% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme with the treatment of 150 mg/ml CRW. At concentration of 30 mg/ml CRW, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metablites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was inhibited by 33.3%. CRW was potent inducer of quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in cultured murine hepatoma Hepalc1c7 cells. However, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level was not influenced by CRW. These findings suggest that CRW has chemopreventive potential of liver cancer by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and inducing QR and GST activities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.509-516
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• 2014

This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of Nelumbo nucifera(N.N) Root in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and Total cholesterol were significantly decreaed in N.n treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in N.N treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was significantly increaed in N.N treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in N.N treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in N.N treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH) was significanly increased in N.N treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly decreaed in N.N treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of N.N would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2006

Thioacetamide (TA) is well known hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agent. TA also diminishes the contents of hepatic cytochrome P450 and inhibits the enzyme activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases. TA metabolite, thioacetamide-s-oxide, is further transformed into a still unknown highly reactive metabolite that binds to macromolecules. In this study, we focused on TA-induced gene expression at hepatotoxic dose. Mice were exposed to two levels (5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg i.p.) of TA, sampled at 6 or 24 h, and hepatic gene expression levels were determined to evaluate dose and time dependent changes. We evaluated hepatotoxicity by serum AST and ALT level and histopathological observation. Mean serum activities of the liver leakage enzymes, AST and ALT, were slightly increased compare to control. H & E and PAS evaluation of stained liver sections revealed TA-associated histopathological finding in mice. Centrilobular eosinophilic degeneration was observed at high dose-treated mice group. Hepatic gene expression was analyzed by QT clustering. Clustering of high dose-treated samples with TA-suggests that gene expressional changes could be associated from toxicity as measured by traditional biomarkers in this acute study.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

The protective effect of EtOAc fraction of Limonium tetragonum extract (EALT) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed following acute ethanol intoxication in Spraque-Dawley rats. EALT (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administrated once before alcohol intake (8 g/kg, p.o.). Blood ethanol concentration, and the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were measured. Also, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase were determined after acute alcohol exposure. Pretreatment of rats received ethanol with EALT significantly decreased blood ethanol concentration and elevated the activities of ADH and ALDH in liver. The increased MDA level was decreased, and the reduced activities of SOD, GSH-px and catalase were markedly preserved by the treatment with EALT. This study suggests that EALT prevent hepatic injury induced by acute alcohol which is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2005

Effect of chitosan oligo saccharides (COS) on the level of serum lipids, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation was investigated in rats fed with high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, The rats were divided into three experimental groups that is, high cholesterol diet group (0.5% cholesterol; control). high cholesterol diet and 1.0% or 2.0% COS-supplemented groups (COS I , COS II). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly decreased and relative HDL-cholesterol level in total cholesterol significantly increased in COS II group. Liver TBARS level and activities of SOD and catalase of COS I were also significantly reduced. These results suggest that supplement of chitosan oligosaccharides reduce levels of serum cholesterol and reduce oxidative damage by activating hepatic antioxidative defense system in rats fed with high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.658-665
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• 2007

Phyllostachys pubescens (Maengiong-Juk), a kind of the bamboo, was reported to have many beneficial pharmacological actions. in this study, of using 70% ethanol extract of Phyllostachys pubescens we investigated its efficacy on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, vasorelaxant effect was examined in rat aortic rings. The inhibitory effect of ACE activity by Phyllostachys pubescens extract (PPE) was dose-dependently increased by 61.42% at 10mg/ml. PPE relaxed the pre-contracted rat aortic rings with 10$^{-6}$M phenylephrine, showing about 88% at 4.0mg/ml. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given different concentrations of PPE mixed in the drinking water for 10 weeks. PPE did not show any difference with control group in blood pressure, body weight (BW) and food intake. However, it revealed the highest total antioxidative effect at dose of 1.0 g/100 g BW in plasma by TEAC assay. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and protein carbonyl levels which are markers of tissue peroxidation, were significantly lowed at the same dosage. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activities were also significantly increased by PPE (1.0 g/100 g BW). In conclusion, we suggest that PPE might have antihypertensive effect through increasing antioxidant activities.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1990

Effects of altering hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzyme activities on the metabolism and acute toxicity of parathio were investigated in adult female rats. In vitro hepatic metabolism of parathion to paraoxon was increased by phenobarbital pretreatment (50 mg/kg/day, ip, for 4 consecutive days) and SKF 525-A (50 mg/kg, ip, 1 hr prior to sacrifice) decreased paraoxon formation indicating that phenobarbital induces that form(s) of cytochrome P-450 catalyzing conversion of parathion to paraoxon. Degradation of paraoxon to p-nitrophenol was increased by phenobarbital pretreatment, but not affected by SKF 525-A suggesting that MFO activities play only a minor role in the detoxification of the active metabolite of this insecticide. The phenobarbital-induced increase in paraoxon formation was partially antagonized by SKF 525-A. Significant activity for both parathion activation and paraoxon degradation was also observed in the lung preparation, however, this extrahepatic parathion and paraoxon metabolizing activity was not induced by phenobarbital or inhibited by SKF 525-A pretreatment. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased paraoxon level in livers of rats when measured 3 hr following parathion injection (2 mg/kg, ip). SKF 525-A did not alter parathion or paraoxon levels in brain, blood and liver. Phenobarbital pretreatment decreased the toxicity of parathion (4mg/kg, ip) or paraoxon (1.5 mg/kg, ip) as determined by decreases in lethality and inhibition of brain and lung acetylcholinesterases. An additional SKF 525-A treatment failed to decrease the protective effects of phenobarbital against parathion or paraoxon toxicity. These results suggest that some unknown factors other than hepatic MFO induction are involved in the protective action of phenobarbital against parathion and paraoxon toxicity.