• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1087-1089
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• 2006

Shrimp has efficient non-specific defense mechanisms based on activities of the hemocytes against pathogens. Up to now, it has been known that one of the non-specific immune reactions is related to mutual association among types of hemocyte, granular cell, semi-granular cell, and hyaline cell. In this study, we tried to know the effectiveness of feed-additives such as 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA), chitosan, and hot-water extract of herb on immunity of shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) by hemocytic observation and SDS-PAGE analysis. Finally, we suggest a principle of the examination system for effects of various feed-additives.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2018

Triglyceride homeostasis is a key process of normal development and is essential for the maintenance of energy metabolism. Dysregulation of this process leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. Here, we report a novel function of the Drosophila flightless-I (fliI) gene in lipid metabolism. Drosophila fliI mutants were resistant to starvation and showed increased levels of triglycerides in the fat body and intestine, whereas fliI overexpression decreased triglyceride levels. These flies suffered from metabolic stress indicated by increased levels of trehalose in hemolymph and enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha ($eIF2{\alpha}$). Moreover, upregulation of triglycerides via a knockdown of fliI was reversed by a knockdown of desat1 in the fat body of flies. These results indicate that fliI suppresses the expression of desat1, thereby inhibiting the development of obesity; fliI may, thus, serve as a novel therapeutic target in obesity and metabolic diseases.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2006년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.287-289
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• 2006

곤충 혈림프에서 존재하는 리포포린은 선택적으로 지질을 지질 사용및 저장기관으로 운반한다. 본 연구는 유충지방체, 성충난소 및 정소로 지질의 운반과 유충지방체 및 성충난소로 리포포린 자체가 흡수되는 과정을 조사하였다. 이들의 기능을 조사하기 위해 FITC-labeled 리포포린과 DiI-labeled 리포포린을 사용하였다. 유충지방체, 성충난소 및 정소를 DiI-labeled 리포포린과 배양한 결과 리포포린으로 부터 각 기관으로 지질을 운반함을 알 수 있었고, 또한 receptor-mediated endocytosis 억제제인 suramin, unlabeled 리포포린과 배양한 결과는 리포포린에서 각 기관으로 운반되는 지질의 양이 현저하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 유충지방체와 성충난소를 FITC-labeled 리포포린과 배양한 결과 위에서 언급한 지질 뿐만 아니라 리포포린 자체도 각 기관의 에너지원으로 사용하기 위해 흡수된다는 사실을 알 수 있었으며, suramin과 unlabeled 리포포린과 배양한 결과 리포포린 자체가 흡수되는 양이 현저하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 위 실험결과로부터 리포포린에 의한 지질의 운반과정과 리포포린 자체의 흡수과정이 receptor-mediated endocytosis로 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.620-624
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• 2009

아포리포포린-III를 꿀벌부채명나방 종령유충 혈림프에서 젤크로마토그래피 (Sephadex G-100)와 이온교환크로마토그래피 (CM-52)방법을 이용하여 분리, 정제하였다. 본 연구에서는 아포리포포린-III가 꿀벌부채명나방의 성충난소에 의해 흡수되는 지를 조사하였다. 성충난소조직을 형광물질로 표지한 아포리포포린-III와 상온에서 30분간 배양하였다. 배양결과를 형광현미경과 전기영동을 이용하여 확인한 결과 형광물질로 표지된 아포리포포린-III가 성충난소로 흡수된다는 사실을 알았다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

Programmed cell death was characterized in the silkworm thoracic ganglia TG1, TG2 and TG3 during postembryonic periods by TUNEL assay. Apoptotic cells were detected in the three TGs of all larval stages except for day-1, 2 1st instar larvae, in which no apoptotic cells were found. From day-7 5th larva, the numbers of apoptotic cells were dramatically increased and peaked on day-1 pupa and day-2 pupa and then abruptly decreased. Apoptotic cells finally disappeared in day-1 adult. In-vivo injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) into day-8 5th larva resulted in a striking decrease of apoptotic cells. Actinomycin D (Act D) or cycloheximide (CHX), injected into hemolymph of day-8 5th larva, resulted in a decrease of apoptotic cells in the three TGs. Injection of caspase-8 and -3 inhibitors also blocked cellular apoptosis. These results will provide valuable information for understanding of cellular changes in the three TGs during metamorphosis of the insect species.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1996

Entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae, was able to invade and kill the several lepidopteran pests including the beet armyworm, Spodeptera exigua Hubner, which was the most effective target host. The beet armyworms treated with the effective nematode concentrations were died within 48 hrs. The lethal effect of the nematode was varied among the developmental stages of the host. The fifth instar larvae of the beet armyworm was more vulnerable to the nematode than the third instar larvae. Pupae was, however, refractory to the nematode. All three bioessays (topical application, filter paper test, and soil treatment) showed the positive correlation between the number of the treated nematodes and the mortality of the host. Topical application was the most effective and fast-acting method so that it gave the lethal effect 2 days earlier than did filter paper test at the same number of the treated nematodes. Soil treatment required higher number of the nematodes to get the effective lethality than did filter paper test. The fifth instar larvae of the beet armyworm expressed the specific hemolymph proteins of 5 to 10 kDa in response to nematode infection.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.90-100
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• 1993

본 연구는 꼬리명주나비(Sericinus montela Grey)의 유충을 재료로 하여 투과전자현미쟁과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 혈구의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 꼬리명주나비 종령유충의 혈구는 구조와 특징에 따라 5종류로 구분되었다. 원시혈구(Prohemocyte)는 세포내에 하나의 큰 핵과 미분화된 세포내 소기관을 가지고 있었다. 부정형혈구(Plasmatocyte)는 섬유다발을 가진 방추행 또는 난형의 비교적 큰 세포로, 특히 방추형의 세포는 길게 발달한 핵을 갖고 있었다. 과립혈구(Granular cell)는 세포질내에 다양한 과립과 잘 발달한 소기관을 함유하고 있었으며 원형질 돌기를 많이 가지고 있었다. 소구형혈구(Spherule cell)는 세포질내에 미세한 물질을 함유한 소구(spherule)를 가자고 있으며 성숙한 세포는 소구내의 물질을 혈림프내로 방출시켰다. 편도혈구(Oenocytoid)는 세포질내 전자밀도가 높은 물결로 채워져 있으며 소기관은 잘 발달되어 있지 않았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1998

Insect plasma protein is abundant in the hemolymph of holometabolous insect larvae and is used as a source of amino acids and energy for construction of adult structures during metamorphosis. In order to understand the mechanism of decomposition of larval plasma proteins by hemocyte protease, we tried to purify a cysteine protease from the hemocyte lysate by using Carbobenzoxy-L-Phenylalanyl-L-Arginine-4-Methyl-Coumaryl-7-Amide (Z-Phe-Arg-MCA) as substrate and to identify plasma proteins that are selectively susceptible to the purified protease. Here, we describe the purification and characterization of a cysteine protease that specifically hydrolyzes the plasma protein of the coleopteran insect, Tenebrio molitor, larvae. The molecular mass of this enzyme was 25 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The amino acids sequence of its $NH_{2}-terminus$ was determined to be Leu-Pro-Gly-Gln-Ile-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Lys-Gly. This sequence contained Pro, Asp, and Arg residues, conserved in many papain superfamily enzymes. The specific cysteine protease inhibitors, such as E-64 and leupetin, inhibited its hydrolytic activity. One plasma protein with a molecular mass of 48 kDa was selectively hydrolyzed within 3 h when the purified enzyme and plasma proteins were incubated in vitro. However, the 48 kDa protein was not hydrolyzed by the purified 25 kDa protease in the presence of E-64. Western blotting analysis at various developmental stages showed that the purified enzyme was detected at larvae, pupae, and adult stages, but not the embryo stage.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic, and it has been used to get rid of bacteria in animals and humans. The use of antibiotics has greatly contributed to the aquaculture production although its misuse sometimes presents public health problems. This study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of doxycycline on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) administered for possible infection treatments. The shrimp were allocated into four groups and doxycycline was fed three times a day for 7 days at 0, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg to each group. After 24 hr following the 7-day treatment, hemolymph and hepatopancreas were used for blood and biochemical analysis: Total hemocyte counts, Total protein, Total cholesterol, Gluscose, Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-s-transferases, Total antioxidant capacity colorimetric and Acid phosphatase. In addition, histopathological examination was performed on the hepatopancreas and muscle. It was observed that body weight gain was significantly retarded in 100 mg/kg doxycycline group. Doxycycline was found to induce biochemical or functional disorders at 100 mg/kg as observed many of the blood and biochemical parameters were significantly reduced. In conclusion, it was judged that there will be no major toxicity problems with doxycycline when used for shrimp aquaculture at regular doses.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

본 연구는 납에 노출된 굴 Crassostrea gigas의 생물학적 반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험기간은 4주였으며, 실험구는 대조구 1개와 납 노출구 3개 (0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 mg/L) 였다. 실험 결과 납은 굴의 생존율과 산소소비율의 저하 및 기관계의 조직학적 변성을 유도하는 것이 확인되었다. 산소소비율은 대조구에 비해 납 노출구에서 15-55% 감소하였다. 기관계의 조직학적 분석 결과, 외투막에서는 혈림프동의 팽창, 상피층과 결합조직층의 변성을 보였다. 아가미에서는 새엽 상피세포의 변성과 섬모대의 소실이 확인 되었으며, 소화선세관에서는 상피세포와 호염기성세포의 변성 및 상피층의 파괴가 관찰되었다.