• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The idea of using measured dynamic characteristics for damage detection is attractive because it allows for a global evaluation of the structural health and condition. However, vibration-based damage detection for complex structures such as long-span cable-supported bridges still remains a challenge. As a suspension or cable-stayed bridge involves in general thousands of structural components, the conventional damage detection methods based on model updating and/or parameter identification might result in ill-conditioning and non-uniqueness in the solution of inverse problems. Alternatively, methods that utilize, to the utmost extent, information from forward problems and avoid direct solution to inverse problems would be more suitable for vibration-based damage detection of long-span cable-supported bridges. The auto-associative neural network (ANN) technique and the probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique, that both eschew inverse problems, have been proposed for identifying and locating damage in suspension and cable-stayed bridges. Without the help of a structural model, ANNs with appropriate configuration can be trained using only the measured modal frequencies from healthy structure under varying environmental conditions, and a new set of modal frequency data acquired from an unknown state of the structure is then fed into the trained ANNs for damage presence identification. With the help of a structural model, PNNs can be configured using the relative changes of modal frequencies before and after damage by assuming damage at different locations, and then the measured modal frequencies from the structure can be presented to locate the damage. However, such formulated ANNs and PNNs may still be incompetent to identify damage occurring at the deck members of a cable-supported bridge because of very low modal sensitivity to the damage. The present study endeavors to enhance the damage identification capability of ANNs and PNNs when being applied for identification of damage incurred at deck members. Effort is first made to construct combined modal parameters which are synthesized from measured modal frequencies and modal shape components to train ANNs for damage alarming. With the purpose of improving identification accuracy, effort is then made to configure PNNs for damage localization by adapting the smoothing parameter in the Bayesian classifier to different values for different pattern classes. The performance of the ANNs with their input being modal frequencies and the combined modal parameters respectively and the PNNs with constant and adaptive smoothing parameters respectively is evaluated through simulation studies of identifying damage inflicted on different deck members of the double-deck suspension Tsing Ma Bridge.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose: Maxilla and mandible have different patterns of cortical and trabecular bone and different bone mineral densities, even though both are components of the jaw bone. However, cellular differences between maxilla- and mandible derived osteoblasts (OBs) have rarely been studied. We hypothesize that maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs show different responses to $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2), which is one of the critical factors for bone formation. This study compares skeletal site-specific cell responses between maxilla- and mandible-derived human OBs to E2. Methods: Maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs derived from an identical donor were separately isolated from a total of five normal healthy subjects aged 18~44 years old, cultured with a treatment of 100 nM estrogen. The responses between maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs to E2 were evaluated and compared using cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), ALP, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($ER{\alpha}$). Results: E2 did not have any distinct effects on the proliferation of both types of OBs. Mandible-derived OBs exhibited higher ALP activity than maxilla-derived OBs in the non-treated condition, which was common in all tested individuals. ALP activities of both types of OBs showed a minor increasing tendency with the treatment of E2, even though there was no statistical significance in some specimens. The gene expression of OB by E2 was diverse, depending on the individuals. There was increased expression of OPG, IGF-1, or $ER{\alpha}$ gene in the part of subjects, which was more repeated in maxilla-derived OBs. In particular, OPG or ALP induction by E appeared less frequently in mandible-derived OBs. Conclusion: Current results revealed that E2 affects maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs into facilitating the osteogenic process despite individual differences. Mandible-derived OBs are less sensitive to bone-forming gene expression by E2.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2008

한강은 대한민국 수도 서울을 가로지르는 거대한 스케일의 매력적인 강이다. 그러나 근대화 과정에서 일괄적 인 호안공사로 직강화 되어 본연의 자연스러움과 하천의 건강성을 점차 상실하였다. 이를 극복하고 한강 중심의 개혁을 통해 수변도시 서울의 이미지를 확고히 하여 고급 브랜드화 하겠다는 한강르네상스 계획이 진행 중이다. 본 연구는 한강르네상스 사업의 일환으로 진행된 여의도 한강공원 국제 설계경기 공모 당선작의 설계전략과 내용을 서술하고자 한다. 계획의 주안점은 기본적으로 여의도 한강공원이라는 새로운 워터프런트의 정체성을 대변하는 3가지 이슈를 가지고 접근하였다. 첫째, 여의도는 비록 개발에 의해 인공적인 섬으로 변했지만 한강에서 과거의 기억을 가지는 유일한 공간이다. 모래섬의 서정성과 물가의 감성적인 기억을 가지는 장소로 계획하고자 하였다. 둘째, 한강르네상스 프로젝트의 6가지 지구 중 서로 마주 보고 있는 용산과 여의도는 중심지 역으로서 국제적인 금융, 업무지 역으로 조성된다. 용산의 철저히 도시적인 모습에 반해, 목가적 풍경과 고층건물이 절묘하게 어우러지는 색다른 풍경의 여의도 워터프런트를 제안하여 용산과의 적극적인 상호관계를 형성하고자 하였다. 마지막으로, 본 계획안에서는 현상공모 범위 밖인 여 의도공원과 본 현상공모 대상인 여의도 한강공원 관계를 재설정해 보고자 하는 것이었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend changes of the health characteristics and the elements of Han-Ok appeared in the articles of the daily newspaper, and to provide basic information for applying to the healthy housing for the public living in modern society and furthermore the various facilities for healing. For the study, the relevant articles of 4 daily newspapers published from 1st of January in 1960 to 28th of February in 2010 were collected and analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: First, the articles about the health characteristics and the elements of Han-Ok have rapidly grown since the year of 2000. Especially, the residents' interviews, case reports and actual living condition of Han-Ok recently tend to increase. Second, the health characteristics of Han-Ok in the recent articles were focused more on the mental and social health than on the physical health. The physical health had the characteristics of the block of hazard environments, the offer of good quality environments, and the enhancements of residents' health. The mental health consisted of the psychological comfort, the sensory satisfaction and the emotional growth. There have been improvements of family relationships and the interactions with neighbors in the characteristics of social health since 2000. Third, the health elements of Han-Ok in terms of architecture and interior design were the structure, space, material, doors & windows, furniture & props, nature, and villages. The material elements were more stressed before 2000, but the spaces and the nature elements were highly focused after 2000 and the structure elements were steadily high regardless of years. Fourth, of the health elements, the structure and the material had the high effects on the physical health characteristics, on the other hand the spaces and the nature influenced more on the mental health. On-dol, Ma-dang, Dae-cheong, Ma-ru, soil, wood, Changhoji, natural environments, and doors & windows were the detail health elements which had high effects on the health characteristics of Han-Ok. For the future study, the experience based in-depth studies of the residents living in Han-Ok are suggested to grasp the actual effects of Han-Ok on the health. The professional consultations are also needed for the extracts of the health characteristics of Han-Ok and the functional elements which can be applied to the modern buildings.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권8호통권88호
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• pp.1075-1081
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 1) 캡사이신 섭취 (100 mg) 가 에너지 대사 조절자로서 열발생 교감신경활동과 관련된 자율신경활동을 향상시키는지, 2) 본 연구의 대상자들의 UCP1 과 ${\beta}_{3}$-AR 유전자 다양성이 자율신경활동에 영향을 주는지를 조사한 것이다. 8명의 대상자 (24.7 ${\pm}$ 1.8 세) 가 이 실험에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 심박수변이성 파워 스펙트랄 분석에 의해 평가된 심장자율신경활동과 에너지 대사는 총 90분간 매 30분마다 5분간 측정하였으며, 캡사이신 또는 위약 그룹은 무작위로 대상자에서 섭취되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서, 두 그룹간의 안정시 심박수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자율신경활동은 캡사이신 그룹에서 증가하였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 총 대상자중, UCP1의 GG유전자 타입을 가진 대상자는 37.5% 였다. 그러나 캡사이신 그룹은 Test3에서 측정시 호흡 교환율이 유의하게 낮았다 (CAP: 0.80 ${\pm}$ 0.02 vs. CON: 0.85 ${\pm}$ 0.02, means ${\pm}$ SE, p<0.05). 이상의 결과로서, 캡사이신 (100 mg) 의 섭취는 지방분해를 향상시킴으로서 비만 과/또는 고지혈증을 가진 개개인에서 유익한 성분임을 시사할 수 있다. 또한 자율신경에 대한 비만과 관련된 UCP1 과/또는 ${\beta}_{3}$-AR 과 같은 유전자 다양성은 앞으로의 연구에 고려되어져야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.327-341
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• 2000

농촌 사회는 60세 이상의 노령인구가 점차 증가하고 있고, 연령이 증가할수록 본인이 느끼는 건강 상태를 나쁘게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 대책이 필요할 것이다. 남성에서는 연령 이 증가할수록 건강증진 행태 점수가 높게 조사되었으며, 30~40대 연령층에서 건강증진 행태 점수가 가장 낮으면서 본인의 건강을 과신하는 것으로 조사되었다. 여성에서는 연령이 증가할수록 본인의 건강이 나쁘다고 인식하고 있었으며, 건강증진 행태 점수도 낮게 조사되었다. 농촌 지역 남성을 대상으로 한 건강증진 노력은 젊은 연령층을 중점적으로 올바른 건강행태 교육을 통해 지속적인 건강증진에 주력해야 할 것이다. 특히 30대~40대 연령층을 중점적으로 금연 운동에 노력해야 할 것이며, 40대~50대 연령층에게는 적절한 체중관리를 위한 프로그램 개발에 노력해야 할 것이다. 여성에서는 고연령층을 대상으로 건강증진에 노력해야 할 것이며, 특히 60대~70대 고령의 노인들이 할 수 있는 운동 프로그램 개발 노력과 40대~50대 연령층의 체중관리에도 노력해야 할 것이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2018

얼굴 피부는 신체 건강을 표현할 뿐만 아니라 매력을 결정하는 요소 중 하나이다. 특히 윤기 나는 피부는 대부분의 사람들이 선호하며 윤기 나는 피부 표현을 위해 다양한 화장품들이 만들어져왔다. 하지만 윤기 있는 피부는 주관적 평가이기 때문에 기름진 피부의 경우 기존의 피부 윤기 평가 방법으로는 명확한 윤기 있는 피부로 평가하기가 어렵다. 더욱이 윤기와 유사하게 광이 있지만 부정적으로 평가되는 번들거리는 피부와 명확한 분류 기준 또한 없는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 피부측정 파라미터 5개[피부 광채, 피부 보습, 피부 투명도, 피부 피지, 안면 이미지]를 측정하였고, 연구대상자들이 촬영된 안면 이미지를 근거하여 각각의 윤기 있는 피부와 번들거리는 피부의 이미지를 선별하여 피부 측정의 정량화를 통해 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 번들거리는 피부에서 피부 광채 및 피지 증가, 투명도 감소, 보습 감소를 확인하였다. 그러나 윤기 있는 피부의 경우 피부 광채, 피지, 투명도는 유사한 패턴을 보였지만 보습이 유의차 있게 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 기기측정 및 정량적 평가를 통해서 윤기 있는 피부와 번들거리는 피부를 분류하는 객관적 평가 기준을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and characteristics between electromyographic (EMG) activities of lower leg muscles and the posturographic assessment of static balance control in normal adults. Twenty-four young, healthy adults(12 males, 12 females) participated in the study. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were obtained using force platform as total path distance, total sway area, X mean frequency and Y mean frequency for 20 seconds in the following conditions: (1) comfortable standing with eyes opened or closed, (2) uncomfortable standing (feet together) with eyes opened or closed, (3) virtual moving surround delivered using Head mount display (HMD) with four different moving patterns. The virtual moving patterns consisted of close-far, superior-inferior tilting (pitch), right-left tilting (roll), and horizontal rotation (yaw) movements. Surface electromyographic activites were recorded on the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscles under each condition. Correlation between the posturographic measures and EMG activities were evaluated. Total path distance and total sway area of COP were significantly increased during uncomfortable standing. EMG activity of tibialis anterior was significantly more during uncomfortable standing and virtual moving surround stimulation than during comfortable standing. Total path distance and sway area of COP during comfortable standing with closed eyes showed significant positive correlation with the EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during presentation of virtual moving surround also had significant positive correlations with EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle under close-far movement.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in self-leadership and job involvement based on the education levels, majors, and teaching experiences of multicultural family home-visit instructors and the influence of self-leadership on job involvement. Methods: 668 home-visit instructors participated in the online survey from 140 multicultural family support centers in Seoul, 6 metropolitan cities, 9 provinces, and other cities and counties. Data were analyzed through frequency, percentages, Pearson's correlations, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post-hoc test, and stepwise multi-regression using SPSS 21.0. Results: The main findings are as follows. First, instructors who were high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-leadership than the other groups. There was only a significant difference in self-reward of self-leadership based on their majors. There were no significant differences in job involvement based on the education level and major. The greater their home-visit teaching experiences, the higher their scores in self-leadership and job involvement. Second, the stepwise multiple regression model showed that self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thinking, and rehearsal of self-leadership explained 49% of the total variance in job involvement. Conclusion: Even though the high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-expectation, rehearsal, and constructive thinking of self-leadership than the other groups, over-generalization should be avoided because the sample size was relatively small. Based on the finding that greater home-visit teaching experiences was associated with higher self-leadership and job involvement, it would be necessary to improve working condition to prevent instructors from changing jobs. These findings stress the importance of providing opportunities for home-visit instructors to develop leadership, thus improving job involvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1798-1807
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius having probiotic properties to be used as the health adjuncts with fermented milk products. Acid- and bile-tolerant lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius was isolated with lactobacilli MRS broth from faeces of 80 healthy persons (infants, children and adults). It was used as a probiotic strain in fermented milk products. The pH of fermented milk decreased from pH 6.7 to 5.0 and titratable acidity increased from 0.3% to 1.0% by L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (isolation strain 20, 35, and 37), when incubated for 36 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. The number of viable cell counts of fermented milk was maximized at this incubation condition. The SDS-PAGE evidenced no significant change of casein but distinct changes of whey protein were observed by isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius for titratable acidity being incubated by 0.9-1.0% at 37$^{\circ}C$. All of the strains produced 83.43 to 131.96 mM of lactic acid and 5.39 to 26.85 mM of isobutyric acid in fermented products. The in vitro culture experiment was performed to evaluate ability to reduce cholesterol levels and antimicrobial activity in the growth medium. The selected L. salivarius subsp. salivarius reduced 23-38% of cholesterol content in lactobacilli MRS broth during bacterial growth for 24 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. All of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had an excellent antibacterial activity with 15-25 mm of inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, S. enteritidis KCCM3313, S. typhimurium M-15, and S. typhimurium KCCM40253 when its pH had not been adjusted. Also, all of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had partial inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, E. coli KCTC0115 and S. enteritidis KCCM3313 when it had been adjusted to pH 5.7. The selected strains were determined to have resistances of twelve antibiotic. Strains 27 and 35 among the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius showed the highest resistance to the antibiotics. These results indicated that some of the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (strain 27 and 35) are considered as effective probiotic strains with a potential for industrial applications, but the further study is needed to establish their use as probiotics in vivo.