• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2016

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors relating to handwashing with soap among Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects consist of 755 adults who have been contacted in September 2013 via telephone surveys. The data collected has been analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. A primary purpose is to understand the prevalence of handwashing with soap more than 8 times daily and for 30 seconds per wash among adults. Independent variables include socioeconomic levels, the participants' perception and knowledge of handwashing and their educational experiences relating to handwashing. Results: The overall percentile of people who wash their hands with soap 8 time per day for 30 seconds or more per wash was 16.0%, which is 121 people out of 755 study subjects. In univariate analysis, age, education levels, monthly average income, handwashing habits, perceptions relate to the importance of handwashing, self-assessment of handwashing, environment of public toilet, and the completion of handwashing education shows significant result. Significant differences also appear (p<0.05) in logistic regression analysis on binary variables. There is a strong correlation between daily frequency of handwashing and willingness to wash hands while outside. For example, people who wash their hands very often while outside are 2.24 times (95% C.I. 1.29-3.87) more likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those people who only intermittently wash their hands while outside. Furthermore, people with general unwillingness to wash their hands while outside are 4.61 times (95% C.I. 1.22-3.28) less likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those with general willingness. Conclusions: This study has been carried out to identify the decision factors in practicing handwashing with soap for Korean adults. In univariate analysis, age, education level, monthly average income, handwashing habits, handwashing self-assessment, public toilet environment, completion of handwashing education and so forth have been identified to be the decision factors. This study result shows that the overall level of cleanliness of public toilet perceives to be poor and it suggests that the environment of public toilet needs to be enhanced. As the handwashing habits and handwashing-self assessment have been identified to be the significant decision factors for handwashing, there search and approach in these factors need to be developed further.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2015

OBJECTIVES 우리나라 국민들의 손씻기 실천률은 선진국에 비해서 매우 낮은 수준이다. 이 연구는 비누로 손씻기와 관련한 공중 화장실 이용시 행동 실태 및 관련요인을 분석고자 하였다. METHODS 2013년 9월 10일부터 9월 12일까지 우리나라 특 광역시 지하철역 및 기차역의 화장실 이용자를 대상으로 '2013년도 국민 손씻기 실태조사' 결과를 활용하였다. RESULTS 비누로 손씻기에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 행정구역(OR 0.490-2.255), 용무유형(소변 1.000, 대변 2.505), 물기제거방법(OR 0.497-3.107) 등이 도출되었다. CONCLUSIONS 연구의 결과는 감염성 질환을 예방하고, 관리하기 위한 국가 손씻기 증진 활동 및 사업의 기본적인 근거자료를 제공할 것이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.372-386
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to prove related practice factors of handwashing with soap and its practices by students in South Korea. Method: The subjects consisted of 700 students. Data were collected in Sep 2013 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Total number of handwashing times was 7.5 per day. 65.1% of the students used soap and most of the students washed their hands for 20 seconds(31.1%). Self-evaluation, awareness of effect for prevention of infectious disease, and need for handwashing education were positive, but evaluation of toilet environment was negative. Most of the students washed their hands for 21 seconds(%), and methods of handwashing were not appropriate. Level of awareness was over 85% in most items. Practice differed significantly according to locations, pattern of school, self-evaluation, awareness of effect for prevention of infectious disease, need for education handwashing, and toilet environment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the students learned methods of handwashing for its practice in South Korea, and they were considered as general characteristics of handwashing from students. In addition, results mentioned above will be reflected in development of educational programs for improvement of handwashing efficiency.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

Background : There have been very few studies conducted on the number and type of microorganisms that remain on the ring finger after handwashing. This study was performed to investigate whether there were changes and differences in the type and number of microorganisms on the ring finger before and after handwashing. Method : The subjects of the study were 15 MICU and SICU staff nurses who were wearing rings. I swabbed two different fingers of the same hand with cotton balls. One finger which had a ring and the other with no ring. I swabbed the fingers of each subject three times(before handwashing, after handwashing with soap, and after handwashing with bethadine solution). After storing them for 48 hours in an incubator, I sent them to the laboratory and recorded the culture results. Results : There was no difference in the type of microorganism, but a major difference in the number of the microorganisms that existed on the finger ring. The results showed that there were much more microorganisms on the ring fingers than on the fingers that did not have rings both before and after handwashing. This tendency was consistent regardless of the handwashing agent. I therefore recommend that all nursing staff who work in general nursing units, as well as nurses who work in the ICU, remove their rings when taking care of the patients.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.229-243
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• 1997

Especially in NICU(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), handwashing is an important factor in decresing nosocomial infections due to reduced immunity, prematurity and various invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic characteristics related to handwashing by NICU nurses. It was composed of three parts ; questionnaire survey I (genoral characteristics of handwashing), questionnaire survey II(the awareness degree of handwashing importance) and actual performance. This study was performed from Oct. 8 to 14 in 1994. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Frequency of handwashing were different by shift of working about 47.1% of the respondents. They were washing most frequently during day-shift about 75% of above. According to self evaluation to handwashing frequency, 64.7% of the respondents said their frequency of handwashing was inadequate, because of being too busy.(45.1%), bothering caused by detergent or disinfectant(17.6%), and too far from handwashing facilities(17.6%). 2. The most common handwashing agent was soap(88.2%), 52.9% of the subjects experienced adverse effects after handwashing ; rough hand(44.5%), dryness(33.3%) All subjects washed their hands with running water, and 70.6% of the subjects washed upto wrist. In duration of handwashing, 52.9% of subjects washed hands 5 to 10 seconds, 29.5% of them did 11 to 15 seconds. 3. 29.4% among subjects had participated to take in the handwashing educational program. About 60% responded they would like to take the course of handwashing if possible. 4. The important nursing activities that need handwashing were chaning of caring ostomy, suctioning, chaning IV dressing site. On the other hand, they responded handwashing was not essential before dealing with omitus, before and after transfering machine, before chaning diaper(stool) 5. Handwashing performance was 61.7%. Among seven nursing activities, suctioning(73.4%) was the highest, the next was dealing with discharge or sampling(71.1%), the lowest was bathing(34.6%). The performance was better after(70.2%) nursing activities that before(52.5%), and day(63.6%) or evening(68.3%) shift than night(56.7%)

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2013

Objectives : The objectives of this study were to investigate the handwashing and practice of health science college students and emphasize the importance of handwashing and infection control precaution to the students. Methods : This study was conducted by 586 health science college students through self-reported survey. All data were analyzed using SPSS/PC 13.0 program. Results : 1. Female students washed hands more frequently(7 times per day) than male students(6 times per day). Female students washed hands for 39 seconds in the meanwhile male students washed hands for 28 seconds. 2. Handwashing after using toilet accounted for 79.6% and 72.0% in female and male students, respectively. 3. Most of the handwashing was performed with faucet water (82.1%). The others were tepid water (54.3%), running water (98.1%) and water with soap bar (66.7%). 4. The reason for not practicing handwashing was due to annoyingness (36.3%). Conclusions : Health science college students' tended to wash their hands frequently. However, there existed a gap between the handwashing perception and practice in the previous reports because the observed practice was different from self-estimated perception.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국의 손씻기 실천률이 선진국에 비해 현저히 낮았다는 보고에 따라, 한국과 네팔 중학생들의 손씻기 인식과 실천을 비교하기 위해 시행된 조사연구로, 연구도구로는 한국 질병관리센터의 손씻기조사도구를 수정하여 사용하였다. SPSS 23.0으로 분석 결과, 양국 대상자 간 주거형태, 질병경험 및 부모교육수준에 차이가 있었고(p<.001), 손씻기인식은 한국대상자가 손씻기실천은 네팔이 유의하게 높았다(p<.001). 손씻기실천 관련내용 중 손씻기 후 말리는 방법, 비누로 손씻기 횟수, 손씻기 소요시간, 손씻기 교육경험횟수, 교육방법에 양국 간 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.001). 네팔의 손씻기인식은 한국보다 낮았으나 손씻기교육과 설비보완으로 손씻기실천률을 높이고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 한국의 손씻기실천률을 높이기 위한 대책이 필요하다. 본 연구는 양국의 소수의 중학생을 편의추출해서 시행된 연구이므로, 대상자 수를 확대하여 반복 연구의 필요성을 제안한다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the handwashing knowledge and attitudes of resistered nurses on general wards. Subjects for this study include 182 nurses working in general wards of a hospital in Seoul area. Data were collected by a questionnaire from July 30 to August 10,1996. Statistical analyses were done by the SPSS/PC program. The techniques used in this sudy included frequencies, chi-square test. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 34.6% of the respondents reported that they washed their hand an average of 5 to 7 times during the work day. 2. 38.5% of the respondents reported always washing after each patient contact. Only 9.9% always washed before contact with a patient. 3. 56.6% of the respondents reported a washing time of 10 to 20 seconds, whereas 29.1% washed 21 to 30 seconds. Chi-square tests were employed to determine any differences in handwashing frequency and duration by age, working years, work position. There were no satistically significant differences among the variables. 4. 95.6% of the subjects used water and plain soap during the washing process. The respondents washed the palms of the hands, the backs of their hands and between their fingers(33%). Only 17.6% removed rings before handwashing. Similarly, 11% removed their wristwatch. The majority(96.2%) reported that they used communal textile towel to dry their hands. When asked what method they used to turn off the water faucet after washing, 98.4% reported using direct hand-to-faucet contact. 5. Nursing activities that showed the highest handwashing rates was after wound dressing(22.9%), followed by suctioning(21.4%), injection(21.2%), inserting catheter(18%). 6. Reasons cited for reduced handwashing frequency included being too busy to wash more often(74.7%), no need to wash more often(11.0%) and dry skin caused by frequent handwashing(3.3%). 7. When asked where they obtained their current knowledge of handwashing techniques, they reported professors(73.6%), resisted nurses(14.8%) and supervisor(6.6%). 8. Nursing staff thought that proper handwashing was important factor in decreasing nosocomical infections(72.4%).

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2007

Objectives: This study attempted to understand the relationship between handwashing knowledge, attitude and practice of middle school students and to provide the basic information for handwashing training of the students and help them to form a healthy habit. Methods: Data was collected by a standardized self-administered questionnaire between Sep. 20 to Oct. 6 2006 with a total of 710 students in 1, 2, 3 grades at 6 middle schools in metropolitan cities(490 students from four schools situated in an urban center, 220 from 2 in a suburban district). The data was then analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program, employing many statistical techniques such as chi-square($x^2$) test, t-test, ANOVA analysis with post hoc test, correlations analysis, and regression analysis. Results: The results of the study were as follows. First, total number of handwashing times of middle school students is 6.69 per day. 66.1% of the students used soap and most of the students washed hands for $6{\sim}10$ seconds(44.7%). Second, in the knowledge of handwashing, "both of the parents"(p<0.01), "catholic", "city"(p<0.05) were the highest and the practice of handwashing was active with "city", "high economic level"(p<0.05) and "both of the parents"(p<0.01). In the experience of teaching handwashing, "Yes" was 24.3% which was statistically significant with handwashing knowledge(p<0.05), attitude and practice(p<0.01). Third, in the correlation of handwashing knowledge, attitude and practice, there was statistical significancy between handwashing attitude and knowledge(p<0.01) and showed positive correlation with the knowledge(.534). The practice of handwashing has meaningful difference from the knowledge and the attitude and the coefficient of correlation shows positive co-relation in knowledge(.335) and attitude(0525). Fourth, based on the result for regression analysis with handwashing knowledge, attitude and practice as dependent variables, handwashing knowledge showed statistical significancy with sex, type of school(p<0.05) and residential area(p<0.01). There were also statistical significancy between handwashing attitude and knowledge(p<0.01) and between handwashing practice and religion, knowledge(p<0.05) and economic level, attitude(p<0.01). Conclusion: There were consistent results with handwashing knowledge, attitude and practice. If they had better knowledge, their attitude was more positive and if they had better knowledge and more positive attitude, their practice was active. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the students who learned about handwashing were higher than those of the students who had no experience of learning handwashing. To enhance handwashing habit of middle school students, the handwashing environment should be maintained. The training plans should also be made according to sex, type of school, economic level, residential area, and the consistent study on handwashing training is required.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2020

세정제로 손을 씻는 것은 감염의 가능성이 있는 미생물을 줄이는 중요한 방법이지만 재사용하는 액체 형 세정제는 외부의 오염에 취약하다. 이 연구의 목적은 공공화장실에서 사용하고 있는 액체 세정제의 오염도를 측정하는 것이다. 저자는 6개 건물에 있는 58개의 공공 화장실에서 액체 형 손 세정제를 조사하였다. 균의 동정은 전통적인 생화학적 검사와 질량분석기를 이용하였으며 항균제 감수성 검사는 Vitek II 시스템을 이용하였다. 58개의 화장실 중 27개(46.55%)의 화장실에서 세정제를 다시 채워 재사용하고 있었으며, 이들 중 25개(92.59%) 화장실의 세정제가 세균에 오염되어 있었다. 오염된 균은 1.6×10³ to 2.7×10⁵ CFU/mL의 범위였으며, Serratia liquefaciens (12 균주), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (9 균주), Serratia marcescens (4 균주), Staphylococcus pastueri (1 균주), Achrombacter spanius (1 균주) 순으로 분리되었다. A. xylosoxidans 1 균주를 제외하고 같은 건물에서 분리된 같은 균 종은 동일한 감수성 양상이었다. 결론적으로 오염된 손 세정제로 손을 씻는 것은 공공보건 시설에서 세균의 전파가능성이 높일 수 있으므로 면역이 감소한 환자들이 이용하는 병원의 화장실은 손 세정제를 재사용하는 것을 제한할 필요가 있다.