• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2001

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the SA516/70 steel which is used for pressure vessels was examined experimentally at room temperature, 150$^{\circ}C $, 250$^{\circ}C $ and 370$^{\circ}C $ with stress ratio of R=0.1 and 0.3. The fatigue crack propagation rate da/dN related with the stress intensity factor range $\Delta K$ was influenced by the stress ratio within the stable growth of fatigue crack(Region II) with an increase in $\Delta K$. The resistance to the fatigue crack growth at high temperature is higher in comparison with that at room temperature, and the resistance attributed to the extent of plasticity-induced by compressive residual stress according to the cyclic loads. Fractographic examinations reveal that the differences of the fatigue crack growth characteristics between room and high temperature are mainly explained by the crack closure and oxide-induced by high temperature.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 1988

This paper deals with the micro-surface-cracks behavior on the unnotched smooth specimens of Type 304 stainless steel at $593^{\circ}C$ in air under creep and creep-fatigue conditions that have 10 mim and 1 min load holding times respectively. The behaviors of the micro-surface-cracks have been visualized by means of surface replica method and optical micro-photography. The quantitative characteristics of initiation, growth and coalescence of micro-surface-cracks have been investigated by observing and measuring the crack growth behaviors. some of the important results are as follows: Main crack initiates at grain boundary in the early stage(10 to 20%)of its life time and grows through coalescence and finally leads to fracture. The distribution of micro-surface-crack length, 2a, can be plotted against the composite Weibull distribution. The growth rate of the main crack can be plotted against the stress intensity factor, crack tip opering displacement and J integral.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.670-679
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• 1989

The constant amplitude loading and 100% single overloading fatigue studies of domestic high tensile 7075-T73 aluminum alloy were performed to exmine the effect of specimen thickness and its mechanisms on fatigue crack growth behavior. The stage II fatigue crack growth rates tend to increase with decreasing specimen thickness under constant amplitude loading condition and this has relation with stress intensity factors and plastic zone size. The amount of retardation by an overload increased with decreasing specimen thickness when the crack depth and baseline stress intensity factors were constant. The crack depth is one of major factors which affect retardation phenomena by an overload and the amount of retardation increase with decreasing the crack depth. Its main mechanisms are crack closure and decreasing of K at the crack tip by branching and deflection of crack. And they are affected by near surface more severely than central portion of specimen.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 1988

This paper deals with surface crack behavior and the fatigue life prediction of notched specimens using the relation between surface crack length, a, and the cycle ratio, $N/N_{f}$. From the $a-N\;/\;N_{f}$ curves, UC(the upper limit curve), LC(the lower limit curve) and MC(the middle limit curve) were assumed and utilized to predict the fatigue life and crack growth rate. The data computed from the three assumed curves were compared with the experimental data. It has been found that in the stable crack growth region ($N/N_{f}=0.3-0.8$) fatigue life can be predicted within 20% errors. Using the characteristics of $a-N\;/\;N_{f}$ curve, it is possible to predict the $da/dN-K_{max}$ curve, the $da/dN-{\Delta}K_{{\varepsilon}_t}$ curve, and the $S-N_{f}$ curve.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Effect of incident ion beam energy on microstructure and adhesion behavior of TiN thin films were studied. Without ion beam assist, TiN film showed (111) growth mode which was thought to have the lowest deformation energy. As the ion beam assist energy increased, TiN film growth mode was changed from (111) to (200) mode. On the Si(100) substrate the critical incident energy for growth mode change was 100 eV/atom, however the critical assist energy was 121 eV/atom on the STD61 substrate. Grain size of TiN films increased with the assist ion beam energy. Finally, adhesion strength of TiN films bombarded above the critical ion assist energy showed 4~5 times higher values than that with lower bombard ion energy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2977-2981
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• 2021

Corrosion fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 316LN stainless steel was investigated in high-temperature pressurized water at different temperatures, load ratios (R = K_max/K_min) and rise times (t_R). The environmental assisted effect on FCG rate was observed when both the R and t_R exceeded their critical values. The FCG rate showed a linear relation with stress intensity factor range (ΔK) in double logarithmic coordinate. The environmental assisted effect on FCG rate depended on the ΔK and quantitative relations were proposed. Possible mechanisms of environmental assisted FCG rate under different testing conditions are also discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2304-2311
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• 2021

The dislocation density in strain-hardened Alloy 690 was analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to study the relationship between the local plastic strain and susceptibility to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nuclear power plants. The test material was cold-rolled at various thickness reduction ratios from 10% to 40% to simulate the strain-hardening condition of plant components. The dislocation densities were measured at grain boundaries (GB) and in grain interiors of strain-hardened specimens from STEM images. The dislocation density in the grain interior monotonically increased as the strain-hardening proceeded, while the dislocation density at the GB increased with strain-hardening up to 20% but slightly decreases upon further deformation to 40%. The decreased dislocation density at the GB was attributed to the formation of deformation twins. After the PWSCC growth test of strain-hardened Alloy 690, the fraction of intergranular (IG) fracture was obtained from fractography. In contrast to the change in the dislocation density with strain-hardening, the fraction of IG fracture increased remarkably when strain-hardened over 20%. From the results, it was suggested that the PWSCC growth behavior of strain-hardened Alloy 690 not only depends on the dislocation density, but also on the microstructural defects at the GB.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

Layer separation (delamination) is an essential threat to fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates under dynamic, static, and fatigue loads. Under compressive load, the growth of delamination will lead to structural instability. The aim of this paper is to present a method using shape memory alloy (SMA) stitches to suppress the delamination growth in a FRP plate and to improve the buckling behavior of the plate with a rectangular hole. The present paper is divided into two parts. Firstly, a closed-form (CF) formulation for evaluating the buckling load of the FRP plate is presented. Secondly, the finite element method (FEM) will be employed to calculate the buckling loads of the plates which serves to validate the results obtained from the closed-form method. The novelty of this work is the development of the closed-form solution using the p-Ritz energy approach regarding the stress-dependent phase transformation of SMA to trace the equilibrium path. For the FEM, the Lagoudas constitutive model of the SMA material is implemented in FORTRAN programming language using a user material subroutines (VUMAT). The model is simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit solver due to the nature of the loading type. The cohesive zone model (CZM) is applied to simulate the delamination growth.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.161-193
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• 2024

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the partly dissipative reaction diffusion systems of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type with hereditary memory and a very large class of nonlinearities, which have no restriction on the upper growth of the nonlinearity. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the initial boundary value problem for the above-mentioned model. Next, we investigate the existence of a uniform attractor of this problem, where the time-dependent forcing term h ∈ L²_b(ℝ; H^-1(ℝ^N)) is the only translation bounded instead of translation compact. Finally, we prove the regularity of the uniform attractor A, i.e., A is a bounded subset of H²(ℝ^N) × H¹(ℝ^N) × L²_µ(ℝ⁺, H²(ℝ^N)). The results in this paper will extend and improve some previously obtained results, which have not been studied before in the case of non-autonomous, exponential growth nonlinearity and contain memory kernels.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2256-2264
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• 2014

This study was a descriptive study to identify the effect of health promoting behavior on fatigue and depression and to investigate these levels among nurses. Data were collected from September 19th 2012 to September 25th 2012 by questionnaires from 243 hospital nurses of 3 hospitals in Kyungsang-Bukdo. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, ANCOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression. The result showed that in health promoting behavior, shift nurses had higher scores than it of non-shift nurses. The health promotion behavior predictors of fatigue were spiritual growth and stress management and the predictors of depression were physical activity and interpersonal relationship. This results suggest that development of professional health promoting program which is strengthened these parts of spiritual growth, stress management, physical activity and interpersonal relationship, is needed.