• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

Purpose : This study examined effects of Paljin-tang on endometriosis. Methods : Sugically induced endometriosis in rats were given an oral dose of Paljin-tang for 40 days. The size of the ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and the concentration of progesterone, estradiol, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in the blood were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the experimental group was much smaller than of that in the control group. The concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6 levels was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group and IL-10 level was higher in the experimental group than the control group. The progesterone, IL-2 levels were similar in the experimental and control groups. Conclusion : These results indicate that Paljin-tang reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that Paljin-tang is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a decrease in indwelling catheter size and preoperative education on bladder discomfort and nursing needs. The study was conducted on patients in the recovery room after their surgery. Methods: This study is a randomized control trial. Data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012 at a university hospital in Bundang, Korea. The sample consisted of 75 patients, excluding one patient from the experimental group 2. From among the patients that were sent to the ICU, 24 were in experimental group 1, 24 were in experimental group 2, and 27 were in the control group. Data were collected and analyzed using a chi-square test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences between the bladder discomfort experienced by patients in experimental group 1 and the control group, and experimental group 2 and the control group. Then nursing needs of the control group were higher than those of the experimental groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: The decrease in indwelling catheter size and preoperative nursing education is an effective nursing intervention in perioperative care.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was using a meta-analysis to estimate effect size ACT intervention program. Using a statistical method, meta-analysis has advantages that prove intervention's amount and direction. Meta-analysis facilitates comprehensive analysis. Through the data collection, 43studies were selected and 183 effect size were calculated as analysis objects. Using a 183 effect size, the overall effect size, Effect Size of categorical Factor, meta-regression result were suggested. The overall effect size of ACT program was 0.704. In the effect area of ACT, the affective domain had the largest effect size. Next were the cognitive domain, the behavioral domain. Analysis on gender of participant, mixed group had the largest effect size. Next were the female grouop, male group. Analysis on age of participant, adult group had the largest effect size. Next were the undergraduate grouop, adolescent group. Based on the findings, implications for future study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.877-890
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• 2019

This study investigated the location of grading lines and grading amount defined by 17 women's wear brands for a pants item by target age groups (20-30, 30-40, and 40-50). This study utilized 6th Size Korea data and a script-based on a 3D scan measurement program to analyze the increase rate of body size in order to suggest a grading deviation distribution ratio for the pants using regression analysis. This study found that most brands appropriately divided grading amount at front thigh girth and back hip girth into the side and center by 1:1. Most brands divided the grading amount at the front hip girth into the side and center by 1:1; however, the ratio found from Size Korea is 0.8:1.2 for the 20-30 age group, 0.7:1.3 for the 30-40 age group, and 0.6:1.4 for the 40-50 age group. Regarding the back thigh girth, the brands targeting 20-30s, 30-40s, and 40-50s respectively assigned the grading amount into the side and center by 1:1, 1:1.2, and 1:1.3. However, the ratio found from Size Korea is 1.4:0.6 for the 20-30 age group, 1.7:0.3 for the 30-40 age group, and 1.3:0.7 for the 40-50 age group. The results can be utilized in improving the grading system of the pants item.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Splenectomy in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is performed to relieve abdominal symptoms, treat hypersplenism or confirm diagnosis. Excision of a very large spleen is technically challenging and data on outcomes of surgery in patients with NHL are scanty. The aim of study was to evaluate the impact of spleen size on the surgical outcome of splenectomy in patients with NHL. Methods: Patients with NHL who underwent splenectomy, between 2006 and 2017, were included and divided into two groups: group 1, spleen ≤ 20 cm; group 2, spleen > 20 cm. Surgical approach, operative time, postoperative morbidity, mortality, hospital stay and re-admission rates were retrospectively compared between groups. Non-parametric data were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences in frequencies were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. Results: Sixteen patients were included (group 1, 6; group 2, 10). Laparoscopy was successful in three patients of group 1, none of group 2 (p = 0.035), the intraoperative time did not differ significantly between groups. One patient in each group developed postoperative complications. The patient in group 1 died of pneumonia. Median length of stay was 8 days (range, 3-16 days) for group 1, 5.5 days (range, 3-10 days) for group 2, showing no significant difference between the two groups. No patient was readmitted to hospital. Conclusions: Spleen size does not affect the outcome of splenectomy in patients with NHL. If a mini-invasive approach is to be chosen, laparoscopy may not be feasible when the spleen size is > 20 cm.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.335-350
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the differentiated instruction in mathematics by a meta-analysis. Among the studies conducted for last twenty three years, the relevant 49 research articles were selected, 80 effect sizes were calculated for the cognitive domain and 70 effect sizes for the affective domain. Effect sizes were analyzed with school levels, student level, group organization method such as homogeneous vs. heterogeneous, class transfer and adjusting class sizes for each cognitive domain and affective domain. The results are as the followings: In the cognitive domain, the overall effect size of the differentiated instruction produced a medium effect(effect size=0.68, U3=75.17%). The differentiated instruction showed the highest effect size on elementary school and middle school, mid level students, heterogeneous group, class transfer and not adjusted class size. And in the affective domain, the overall effect size of the differentiated instruction produced a low effect(effect size=0.36, U3=65.36%). The differentiated instruction showed the highest effect size on elementary school, mid level students, and heterogeneous group. Thus the differentiated instruction was proved to be effective in mathematics classes.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2017

This study explores the influence of reference groups depending on the type (in-group versus out-group) and the size (an individual member versus a group as a whole) of reference groups. We propose a mixed conformity model, which suggests that people want to fit in with their in-group but at the same time they want to stand out within their in-group members. We found that in moderately identity-relevant product categories, people tend to diverge from individual members of their in-group while conforming to their in-group as a whole. However, in highly identity-relevant product categories, people conform to their in-group independent of the referent's size. Directions for future research are outlined in order to further establish and understand the proposed phenomenon.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.69-82
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• 2006

Purpose : Taraxaci Herba is a herb with an effect on extravasated blood and is widely used in gynecology. This study examined the effects of Taraxaci Herba on endometriosis. Methods : Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were given an oral dose of Taraxaci Herba for 40 days. The size of the ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and the concentration of progesterone, estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin(IL)-2, 4, 6, and 10 in the blood were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the treated group was much smaller than that in the control group. The estradiol concentration was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The IL-10 level was higher and the TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2 and IL-4 concentration were lower in the experimental group than in the control group and there was statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between the experomental and the control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that Taraxaci Herba reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that Taraxaci Herba is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.699-708
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• 2022

Purpose: Adequate nutrition is to be provided for normal growth and development during early childhood. Currently, childcare teachers provide lunch to most children in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the portion size provided by teachers and examine the effect of education on food serving size. Methods: The subjects were childcare teachers (n = 120) in charge of children aged 3-5 years at a daycare center in Hanam-si. The survey was conducted through questionnaires which included questions on the general characteristics of the teachers, their nutritional education status, and the source of nutrition information. In addition, the portion sizes of items on the menu currently provided to children were measured and the data were analyzed. To assess the effectiveness of education in determining serving size, the subjects were randomly equally divided into two groups. In the first group (n = 60) theoretical education on nutrition and serving sizes was given, whereas in the second (n = 60), practical education on these topics was provided. Results: The difference between the actual portion size of rice and the serving size announced on the menu was observed to decrease along with the increase in the experience of the teacher, although the differences in the main dish and kimchi were higher. The gap between the serving size mentioned in the menu and the portion size distributed widened as the age of the teachers increased. Notably, the difference between the portion size and the serving size of food decreased after both practical and theoretical education. Furthermore, the effect of education on the serving size of the main dishes (p < 0.001), side dishes (p < 0.01), and kimchi (p < 0.01) was observed to be greater in the practical education group than in the theoretical education group. Conclusion: Regular education should be provided to teachers on the serving sizes mentioned in the menu, as the quantity of food served depends on the experience and age of teachers. In the case of rice, theoretical education alone sufficed to ensure a proper serving size. However, hands-on training on the main and side dishes, and kimchi would be much more helpful.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 2007

The single-modal Weibull model has been assessed on Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber if a set of shape and scale parameters accurately reproduced the effect of the size of the diameter on strength. The tensile data of a single fiber have been divided into two expedient groups as 'small diameter' group and 'large diameter' group in deriving the parameters, which should be consistent if the Weibull model accurately reproduced the size effect. However, the derived Weibull parameters were inconsistent between the two groups. Thereby the authors have concluded that the parameters of the single-modal Weibull model are dependent on the fiber diameter, so that the model is inadequate to reproduce the strength size effect. On the other hand, Weibull parameters were found consistent between the two groups by excluding the data of 'large mirror zone' sample, which was defined as the sample around 10% mirror zone area of the fracture surface. What is more, the exclusion reduced the strength variance more drastically in the 'large diameter' group than in the 'small diameter' group, even though the 'large mirror zone' samples were found identical in the percentage between the two groups. The authors therefore conclude that diameter limitation to the 'small diameter' group level can lead to drastically less distributed strength values than the estimated strength through the Weibull scaling on the present Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber.