• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.370-373
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• 2010

Preharvest treatment with 4% ethyl oleate on 'Merlot' ($Vitis$ $vinifera$ L.) grape reduced the thickness of the epidermal and hypodermal layers with significantly enhanced pigmentation. Thickness of the skin in treated berries was $90-107{\mu}m$, whereas those in control berries were $126-189{\mu}m$. Decreases in the thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers seemed to be due to cellular death or dehydration by rapid senescence after the treatment. Immediate change observed in treated berries was the deformation of the wax that appeared melted resulting in color improvement. Total anthocyanin was also increased by ethyl oleate treatment. Separate forms of anthocyanins, acylated and methoxylated anthocyanins increased, whereas hydroxylated anthocyanins tended to decrease.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

This experiment was performed in order to define the characteristic and quality of the fruits set on primary and secondary shoots in 'Heukgoosul' grape. The numbers of flower clusters per shoot were 1.1 and 0.6 in primary shoots and secondary shoots, respectively. The fruits of primary shoot showed 12.1 g of higher berry weight than 8.9 g of the fruits set on secondary shoots. Fructose and glucose contents were significantly higher in the fruits of secondary shoots during veraison, but the levels gradually decreased, reaching a similar level with those of primary shoot at the harvest stage. The acid content decreased rapidly from day 50 after full bloom in both primary and secondary shoots, but the rate of decrease slowed down from day 70 after full bloom in secondary shoots. Berries of secondary shoots showed rapid increase of skin coloration during veraison and reached a high degree of coloration within a short period when compared with those of primary shoots.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

The effects of fruit bagging time, bag kinds, and plant oil treatment on fruit cracking, pathogenic decay, and quality in grapevines were studied. The occurrence of cracking fruit was not affect by bag kinds in 'Campbell Early'. But, bitter rot occurrence in 'Campbell Early' and occurrence of cracking fruit and bitter rot in 'Wase Campbell Early' decreased effectively compared the ones of conventional bag, window bag, calcium coated bag to non-bagging. The cracking fruit occurrence of and 'Kyoho' decreased significantly by bagging to each before July 5 of 'Campbell Early' and before June 29 and July 5 of 'Kyoho' grapevines. The cracking fruit and bitter rot occurrence by plant oil treatment decreased significantly in 'Wase Campbell Early', and increased calcium of fruit skin in 'Campbell Early'. The soluble solids in fruits were much reduced by window bag and the Hunter b value in fruit skin was reduced by calcium coated bag. Accordingly, treatment of Ca-coated bag and plant oil was become judgment to reduction effect of cracking fruit.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to find the effect of calcium salts on the inhibition of 'Campbell Early' grape(Vitis labruscana B.) berry absicission induced by ethephon. Ethylene evolution, berry abscission rate, and fruit quality were examined. Several mineral contents were determinded in the berries and morphological changes of cells in abscission zone were also studied. 1. Calcium acetate($4.4-8.8g/{\ell}$) and calcium hydroxide($2.2-8.8g/{\ell}$) completely inhibited berry abscission when applied with ethephon 1,000 ppm while calcium chloride was less effective. 2. Ethylene evolution in the berries treated with ethephon alone reached to maximum peak one day after application. However, that peak in the treatment of ethephon with calcium acetate occurred 3 hours after application. 3. No decrease of ethylene production capacity was observed in the ethephon solution even when held up to 36 hours after preparation but the effect on berry abscission was significantly reduced. In contrast, ethylene production of the solution prepared with calcium acetate was greatly decreased along with the increase of holding time. The effect of calcium acetate in aged solution on the inhibition of berry abscission was not altered. 4. There were no differences in mineral contents such as Ca, Mg, and K between the berries sprayed with ethephon 500 ppm or not. Additional calcium accumulation was not found in the skin, flesh, and petiole of clusters sprayed with 3 kinds of calcium salts (1.5 g net Ca per liter) respectively when analyzed 2 weeks before maturity. 5. Ethephon (1,000 ppm) alone induced the development of abscission layer in petiole but those applied with calcium acetate (0.05 M) did not develop any distinct abscission layer 3days after treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 2022

Agrivoltaic systems, also called solar sharing, stated from an idea that utilizes sunlight above the light saturation point of crops for power generation using solar panels. The agrivoltaic systems are expected to reduce the incident solar radiation, the consequent surface cooling effect, and evapotranspiration, and bring additional income to farms through solar power generation by combining crops with solar photovoltaics. In this study, to evaluate if agrivoltaic systems are suitable for viticulture, we investigated the microclimatic change, the growth of vines and the characteristics of grape grown under solar panels set by planting lines compared with ones in open vineyards. There was high reduction of wind speed during over-wintering season, and low soil temperature under solar panel compared to those in the open field. There was not significant difference in total carbohydrates and bud burst in bearing mother branches between plots. Despite high content of chlorophyll in vines grown under panels, there is no significant difference in shoot growth of vines, berry weight, cluster weight, total soluble solid content and acidity of berries, and anthocyanin content of berry skins in harvested grapes in vineyards under panels and open vineyards. It was observed that harvesting season was delayed by 7-10 days due to late skin coloration in grapes grown in vineyards under panels compared to ones grown in open vineyards. The results from this study would be used as data required in development of viticulture system under panel in the future and further study for evaluating the influence of agrivoltaic system on production of crops including grapes.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find the therapeutic meaning of the Portulacea in herbal medication. Methods : About the origin, the component, the processing the drug, the properties and tastes of drugs, the meridian tropism, the effects, the treating disease, the contraindication and the method of administration, I have researched thirty literatures to mention the Portulacea in time sequence. Results : 1. The Portulacea belongs to the Portulacaceae herbs and it consists of noradrenaline, potassium sometimes containing small amounts of dopamine, dopa, malic acid, citric acid, glutamine acid, asparagin acid, alanine, cane sugar, grape sugar, fruit sugar. 2. The processing of drug is wash of water clealy, and remove the foreign substance. Then the drug is cutting to use. The method of burnt to ashes is used, too. 3. The properties and tastes of drugs is acid, cold, nontoxic. The meridian tropism is mainly liver and the large intestine meridian. 4. From old times, Portulacea has come into general use to treat eczema, the rose erysipelas, an acne, hemorrhoids, discharge from the womb etc. because it is effective on neutralizing poison, reduce a swelling, a tumor, an abscess and stopping of bleeding 5. Portulacea must be stoped When person have a weak digestive organ becase it is cold herba. And don't take use with Fish and shellfish. 6. Portulacea is useful method to external care. To use the herba, pulverize amount of property and then apply to the the affected part Conclusions : This study showed that the Portulacea is useful herb to treat of skin disease and useful method to external care.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The root of Vitis amurensis Ruprecht, a sort of wild-growing grape, has been used in oriental medicine for treatment of skin ailments; however, its dermatological activity is not sufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to investigate tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-melanogenic activities of V. amurensis Ruprecht root methanol extract (VARM) in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and to attempt to isolate and identify the active compound issued from VARM. MATERIALS/METHODS: Anti-melanogenic activity of VARM was analyzed in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells through evaluation of antioxidative activity as well as inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin contents compared with those of kojic acid and arbutin. After anti-melanogenic analysis of VARM, serial fractionation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thin layer chromatorgraphy (TLC) were applied for identification of active compounds contained in VARM. RESULTS: VARM significantly inhibited oxidative stress and tyrosinase activity and attenuated ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells. For isolation of active compounds, VARM was fractionated using a series of organic solvents, including dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). Among fractions showing anti-melanogenic activity, the CH2Cl2 fraction induced the most potent attenuation of melanogenesis without cytotoxicity and the major compound in the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction was identified as betulinic acid. Betulinic acid isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction of VARM significantly attenuated ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis in a dose dependent manner, which was stronger than that of arbutin used as a positive control. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that VARM inhibits oxidative stress, tyrosinase activity, and ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells, due primarily to the active compound, betulinic acid, in the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2018

As a basic study for environment-friendly production of bacterial cellulose (BC) dressing with antimicrobial activity, we isolated and identified acetic acid bacteria which are resistant to silver ions and can biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, conditions of BC production by selected strain were also investigated. Strain G7 isolated from decayed grape skin was able to grow in the presence of 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$ which was identified as Acetobacter intermedius based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. BC production was the highest in a medium containing 2% glucose as a carbon source, 2% yeast extract as a nitrogen source, and 0.115% acetic acid as a cosubstrate. Structural properties of BC produced in optimal medium were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer, and it was found that BC produced was cellulose type I that was the same as a typical native cellulose. When strain G7 was cultured in an optimal medium containing 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$, the color of the culture broth turned into reddish brown, indicating that silver nanoparticles were formed. As a result of UV-Vis spectral analysis of the culture, it was found that a unique absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles at 425 nm was also observed. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that silver nanoparticles were formed on the surface and pores of BC membrane.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.269-282
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• 2020

This paper presents the scientific basis for the significance and physiological activity of gongyang as tributes, focusing on the four summer fruits, i.e., grapes, watermelons, oriental melons, and dragon fruits, which were used as one of the yukbeopgongyang in Yeongsanjae's thorough literature review (yeongsanjae and 2010.3~2020.2 published fruit research). As a result of the study, the fruit is not obtained from fruit trees, but from enlightenment. Chemically, the fruit had a high content of antioxidants, such as polyphenol and flavonoid. The fruit had excellent DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The skin of the fruits, the non-edible part, had higher physiological activity than the flesh, the edible part. Therefore, further studies on the physiological activity in each part of dragon fruit and regarding how to ingest and utilize the peel of the four fruits need to be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2011

From an analysis of the daily consumption per capita (g/capita/day) in the existing dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008, the top seven fruit and vegetable juices (apple, grape, mandarin, orange, pineapple, pomegranate and tomato) commercially available on the Korean market were selected and analyzed. These juices showed a wide range of levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacities. The daily per capita intake of total phenolics from juice consumption was 11.70 mg gallic acid equivalents and that of total flavonoids was 1.65 mg catechin equivalents. The daily per capita intakes antioxidant capacities were 10.42 mg vitamin C equivalents (DPPH assay) and 13.21 mg vitamin C equivalents (ABTS assay). Daily per capita intakes of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacities were influenced by the compositional content and the daily consumption of fruit and vegetable juices.