• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2005

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to determine (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin contents in grape seed ethanol extract. CE separation was achieved using 100 mM phosphate and borate buffer at pH 6.0 as background electrolyte and fused silica capillary with 50 microns x 375 microns O.D. (effective length 20.0cm) maintained at $25^{\circ}C$. The applied voltage was 10kV, and detection was performed by DAD at 210 nm, Two catechins were well separated within 6 min with repeatability of <0.8% RSD for migration time and <2.0% RSD for peak area, and correlation coefficients higher than 0.994 were obtained from 58.0 to 174.0 mg/L with detection limit of 0.035 mg/L. Separated compounds were successfully determined. CE method was easy to handle and showed good reproducibility. CE method was compared with conventional coloring and HPLC methods, and main advantages of CE method were low amount of sample required, simple pre-sample treatment, good recovery rate, and short analysis time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the contents of rutin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, and kaempferol, known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects, among the polyphenol types contained in grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE). It utilized grape stems discarded after harvest to measure the effects of GPSE on skin moisture, inhibition of skin cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory activity on the damaged skin of HR-1 mice induced with ultraviolet B (UVB), and to verify the applicability of GPSE as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics. The polyphenol was extracted from grape pruning stems with 80% EtOH, and then the extract was used while storing at $-20^{\circ}C$, after filtering, concentrating, and freeze-drying it. The content of an active ingredient of GPSE was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From 53 kg of the grape pruning stem specimen, 2.34 kg of the EtOH fraction extracts were extracted to achieve a 4.42% yield ratio. Analysis of the active ingredients showed 0.28 mg/g of procyanidin B3, 12.81 mg/g of rutin, 0.51 mg/g of quercetin, and 8.24 mg/g of kaempferol. After UVB irradiation on the dermis, to confirm the degree of inhibition of collagen synthesis, we examined the protein expression of MMP-9 using immunohistochemical staining. The results of this study confirm the existence of active polyphenol types, such as rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and procyanidin B3, in GPSE. Moreover, the study found that GPSE has anti-collagenase effects and it decreases the effects of UV damage on skin barrier function. GPSE is a functional ingredient with a potential for skin protection effects, and it has high utilization potential as an ingredient for functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.535-549
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• 2023

This study was to investigate the effects of different phytogenic feed additives (PFA) dosage levels in growing- finishing pigs stressed by high stocking density. A total of 72 mix sexed 12 weeks growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) of 49.28 ± 4.58 kg were used for 8 weeks. There were 3 replicate pens in each treatment group, with 3 pigs per pen. The dietary treatment groups consisted of basal diets in animal welfare density (negative control [NC]), basal diet in high stocking density (positive control [PC]), PC + 0.04% essential oil (ES1), PC + 0.08% essential oil (ES2), PC + 0.10% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES1), PC + 0.20% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES2), PC + 0.05% grape pomace extract (GP1), PC + 0.10% grape pomace extract (GP2). The reduction of space allowance decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy. Also, the fecal score of PC groups increased (p < 0.05) compared with other groups. Basic behaviors (feed intake, standing, lying) were inactive (p < 0.05) and singularity behavior (biting) was increased (p < 0.10) under high stocking density. There was no difference in blood profile. However, the supplementation of PFA alleviated the negative effects such as reduced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and some increasing stress indicators in th blood (cortisol) and animal behavior (biting). In conclusion, the negative effect of high stocking density was most effectively mitigated by the normal dosage of the mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil additive (CES1).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

The possibility of usage as cosmetic resource of the mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts was investigated. In the effect of collagen synthesis promotion in human fibroblast cells, the culture broth of P. japonica of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% concentration increased the amount of collagen synthesis than that of control cells. The culture broth increased the SOD activity in the concentration dependant manner of 0.01% to 1.0% in the antioxydation activity test. About 90% of superoxide radical was eliminated by 0.5% concentration of the culture supernatant in the antioxydation test. Anticoagulant quercetin in the course of mycelial growth in the mixture of cucumber and grape extract was accumulated to 15 folds than that of pre-culture. In the skin safety test of the culture broth, there is no any skin damage signal in the tested 30 people. Taken together, we concluded that the culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of grape and cucumber extracts can be used as a cosmetic resource.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.420-423
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• 2010

The proanthocyanidin fraction was isolated from the wild grape (Vitis amurensis) peel and its antioxidant capacities were examined to promote the utilization of wild grape by-products. The 70% acetone crude extract of the wild grape peel was fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph, which was eluted with 50% methanol, 75% methanol, and 75% acetone. The proanthocyanidin characteristics and contents of the isolated fractions were investigated by the vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ and BuOH-HCl methods. Fraction 6 had the highest proanthocyanidin content ($49.35{\pm}2.75\;g%$) among the isolated fractions. The antioxidant activities of the proanthocyanidin fraction were examined by DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP assay, and total phenolic contents. The FRAP values and total phenolic contents of the fractions ranged from 3.54 to 32.25 mmol/kg and from 4.48 to 50.80 g/100 g, respectively. The proanthocyanidin contents was strongly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP values, and total phenolic contents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.870-875
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the whitening effect of mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts. In the inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell, B16BL6, the culture broth of P. japonica more then $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ (5%) concentration inhibited the melanin biosynthesis of the cell entirely without cytotoxicity. More then 10 days incubation of P. japonica in the mixture was required to have the inhibition activity. In vitro inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of the culture broth of P. japonica was investigated in the concentration dependent manner of 10% to 50%. 30% concentration of the culture broth inhibited completely tyrosinase activity. In the cytotoxicity test, cucumber and grape extract itself has a strong cytotoxicity to the melanoma cell, B16Bl6. The value of $IC_{50}$ of the cucumber and grape extracts against the melanoma cells was 5% concentration. However, the culture broth of P. japonica incubated in the cucumber and grape extracts did not show the cytotoxcity up to 20% against melanoma cell, B16BL6. Therefore, we concluded that the culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts can be used as a whitening cosmetic resource.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of polyphenols in grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE) using grape stems discarded after harvest. The inhibitory effects on allergy, proliferation, and apoptosis in UVB-induced HR-1 hairless mice were analyzed. The applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics was evaluated. The contents of the active ingredients of GPSE were analyzed by HPLC. After UVB irradiation on the dermis of HR-1 hairless mice, the number of mast cells was determined by toluidine blue staining to confirm that the skin allergic reaction was caused by GPSE. The results were similar to the normal group in the group applied GPSE, and there was no allergic reaction in the GPSE application group and a significant decreased compared to the sun cream control. PCNA immunohistochemical staining of the epidermal proliferation factor had an inhibitory effect on epidermal epithelial cell proliferation in all concentrations of GPSE and serum base mixture as an average of 42% compared to the control group. The mixture of GPSE and serum base suppressed the apoptosis inhibition rate by 27% on average compared to the control. These results confirmed the inhibitory effects GPSE on the allergic, proliferation, and apoptosis activities by with a serum base on UVB-induced skin damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with potential skin protection effects, and has a high utilization as an ingredient for functional cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.847-852
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• 2010

The anthocyanin pigment composition and color of several grape cultivars including Campbell Early, Muscat Bailey A, Kyoho (black berries), and North Red (red berries), were investigated. Twelve types of anthocyanins were identified in these cultivars by LC-MS. Black-colored cultivars, especially Muscat Bailey A, contained the widest range of anthocyanins, whereas the anthocyanin composition of North Red, the red-colored cultivar, was relatively simple. Anthocyanins extracted from the skin of berries were red in color at low pH, regardless of the origin of the extract. At higher pH, however, various colors, including blue, violet, brown, and black, were evident, depending on the cultivar. Differences in color expression among cultivars may be related to variations in the types and amounts of anthocyanidins synthesized, from which anthocyanin pigments are derived. The colors expressed by anthocyanin pigments were strong and diverse even at low concentrations. Therefore, anthocyanins extracted from grapes may be useful as natural food colorants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.499-502
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• 2019

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme which is activated in response to DNA damage, and which mediates DNA repair. PARP inhibitors can be used to reduce resistance of cancer cells to anticancer treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selected phytochemicals and fruit extracts on PARP activation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells subjected to oxidative stress. Pre-incubation with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apple extract (AE), cranberry extract (CE), or grape extract (GE) for 2 hours at test concentrations reduced PARP activity induced upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). GE was found to be the most efficient PARP inhibitor among the fruit extracts examined. These results suggest that phytochemicals of fruit extracts might be used as PARP inhibitors in order to assist anticancer agents.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.319-323
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• 2007

Wild grapes have been used as traditional medicinal use and alcoholic beverage production in Korea. The objective of this study is to improve antioxidant properties in Sae-muru by far infrared ray (FIR) treatment, with expecting potential benefits of FIR treatment for wild grape products during manufacturing processes. FIR treatment in berries induced increased content of catechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, and resveratrol, while content of epicatechin and epigallocatechin was decreased. Although FIR treatment resulted either increased or decreased chemical component groups, presenting in HPLC chromatograms, antioxidant activity in Sae-muru extract was significantly increased by the FIR treatment. Our results suggest that FIR treatment should be an efficient process in the production of high content of bioactive molecules in Sae-muru.