• BMB Reports
• /
• v.43 no.10
• /
• pp.643-648
• /
• 2010

Sir William Osler (1849-1919) recognized that "variability is the law of life, and as no two faces are the same, so no two bodies are alike, and no two individuals react alike and behave alike under the abnormal conditions we know as disease". Accordingly, the traditional methods of medicine are not always best for all patients. Over the last decade, the study of genomes and their derivatives (RNA, protein and metabolite) has rapidly advanced to the point that genomic research now serves as the basis for many medical decisions and public health initiatives. Genomic tools such as sequence variation, transcription and, more recently, personal genome sequencing enable the precise prediction and treatment of disease. At present, DNA-based risk assessment for common complex diseases, application of molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, genome-guided therapy, and dose selection of therapeutic drugs are the important issues in personalized medicine. In order to make personalized medicine effective, these genomic techniques must be standardized and integrated into health systems and clinical workflow. In addition, full application of personalized or genomic medicine requires dramatic changes in regulatory and reimbursement policies as well as legislative protection related to privacy. This review aims to provide a general overview of these topics in the field of personalized medicine.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.725-738
• /
• 2005

Resistance to imatinib mesylate (also known as Gleevec, Glivec, and STI571) often becomes a barrier to the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In order to identify markers of the action of imatinib mesylate, we used a mass spectrometry approach to compare protein expression profiles in human leukemia cells (K562) and in imatinib mesylate-resistant human leukemia cells (K562-R) in the presence and absence of imatinib mesylate. We identified 118 differentially regulated proteins in these two leukemia cell-lines, with and without a $1\;{\mu}M$ imatinib mesylate challenge. Nine proteins of unknown function were discovered. This is the first comprehensive report regarding differential protein expression in imatinib mesylate-treated CML cells.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.361-376
• /
• 1989

Norepoine is N-methylated by the enzyme phenly ethanolamine N-metyltransferase(PNMT)to form epinephrine.this enzyme is larhly restructed to the adrenal medulla where epinephrine in mammalian brain where epinephrine function as a neurotransmitter.It seems clear that central epinephrine is involved in the regulation of cardiovacular function and in several forms of hypertension.However,information about the struture of mammalian epinephrine forming enzyme has been limited until now.But recently we isolate bovine and human PNMT cDNA clone using gtll expression library and sequcde total nucleotide composition.To obtain information about the structrue of the human and rat PNMT proteins and gones and to further define the extent of the evolutionary relationships among the PNMT molecules of these species human and rat genomic DNA clones to PNMT were sequentially isolated and characterized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.817-820
• /
• 2007

The effects of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) candidate gene polymorphism on the economic traits of Hanwoo were studied. Through sequencing analysis, two polymorphism sites at K232A and T11993C were established and were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The PCR-RFLP analysis for K232A showed that the frequencies of alleles K and A were 0.75 and 0.25, respectively, and the frequencies of genotypes for K/K, K/A and A/A were estimated as 0.509, 0.491 and 0, respectively. In the PCR-RFLP analysis for T11993C, we found allele frequencies of 0.773 and 0.227 for T and A, respectively, and 0.546, 0.454 and 0 for the T/T, T/C and C/C genotype frequencies, respectively. No significant effects on economic traits in Hanwoo were found in the separate analysis of K232A and T11993C polymorphisms, but the interaction between K232A and T11993C showed a significant effect (p<0.005) on marbling score. The DGAT1 candidate gene was found to have a significant effect not only on milk yield and component traits but also on the metabolism of intramuscular fat.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2007

The Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 90 cDNA sequence retrieved from NCBI database and consists of 764 bp and 2582 bp lengths respectively. The corresponding cDNA homologus sequences were BLAST searched in Bombyx mori genomic DNA database and two genomic contigs viz., BAAB01120347 and AADK01011786 showed maximum homology. In B. mori Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 90 is encoded by single gene without intron. Specific primers were used to amplify the Hsp 20.8 gene and Hsp 90 variable region from genomic DNA by using the PCR. Obtained products were 216 bp in Hsp 20.8 and 437 bp in Hsp 90. There was no variation found in the six silkworm races PCR products size of contrasting response to thermal tolerance. The comparison of the sequenced nucleotide variations through multiple sequence alignment analysis of Hsp 90 variable region products of three races not showed any differences respect to their thermotolerance and formed the clusters among the voltinism. The comparison of aminoacid sequences of B. mori Hsps with dipteran and other insect taxa revealed high percentage of identity growing with phylogenetic relatedness of species. The conserved domains of B. mori Hsps predicted, in which the Hsp 20.8 possesses ${\alpha}-crystallin$ domain and Hsp 90 holds HATPase and Hsp 90 domains.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.385-395
• /
• 2020

We present a new maximum likelihood approach to estimate demographic history using genomic data sampled from two populations. A demographic model such as an isolation-with-migration (IM) model explains the genetic divergence of two populations split away from their common ancestral population. The standard probability model for an IM model contains a latent variable called genealogy that represents gene-specific evolutionary paths and links the genetic data to the IM model. Under an IM model, a genealogy consists of two kinds of evolutionary paths of genetic data: vertical inheritance paths (coalescent events) through generations and horizontal paths (migration events) between populations. The computational complexity of the IM model inference is one of the major limitations to analyze genomic data. We propose a fast maximum likelihood approach to estimate IM models from genomic data. The first step analyzes genomic data and maximizes the likelihood of a coalescent tree that contains vertical paths of genealogy. The second step analyzes the estimated coalescent trees and finds the parameter values of an IM model, which maximizes the distribution of the coalescent trees after taking account of possible migration events. We evaluate the performance of the new method by analyses of simulated data and genomic data from two subspecies of common chimpanzees in Africa.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2007

Nine brand populations of Hanwoo cattle were characterized using 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The studied populations were: Ansung, Yangpyang, DaeGwanryeng, Palkongsangkangwoo, Hoengseong, Jangsu, Sumjinkang, Hadong, Nam-hae. The observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were calculated. Allele frequencies were calculated and used for the characterization of each brand population and to study their genetic relationships. Genetic distances were estimated using Nei's DA genetic distance and the resultant DA matrix was used in the construction of phylogenetic trees. The NJ tree showed that Ansung and Yangpyang, Sumjinkang and Jangsu, Namhae and Ha-Dong are closely related and are considered to have undergone genetic exchange within the same locale. This study will contribute to the local Hanwoo brand industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.927-930
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate potential effects of previously identified QTL regions on carcass traits in Hanwoo. The data analyzed in this study was collected from 326 steers of 67 proven sire. Thirteen micorsatellite markers spanning QTL regions on bovine chromosomes 1 and 14 were genotyped in 326 steers. The following breeding values were analyzed for QTL effects. Cold carcass weight breeding value (CCWBV), longissimus muscle area breeding value (LMABV), marbling score breeding value (MSBV) and backfat thickness breeding value (BFTBV). Chi-square tests were performed to compare frequencies of individual allele between high and low breeding value groups. Significant differences of allele frequencies in BMS711, MCM130, BMS4049, and BMS2263 were found. And also, in RM180, BL1029, BM4305, and BMS2055 there were significant differencies of allele frequencies. These results showed a potential application for investigation of putative QTL locations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.890-894
• /
• 2001

The isolation of genomic DNA from mammalian cells is usually performed by cell lysis followed by protein digestion, extraction, and finally, ethanol precipitation of the chromosomal DNA. However, in the case of large sample numbers or when only small amounts of starting materials are available, such conventional methods are not efficient and are cumbersome to be applied. Some alternative methods have been described as well as having commercial DNA isolation kits to be available, nevertheless, there is room left for much improvement. In the present study, a novel method is introduced, where it simplifies conventional protocols by omitting some time-consuming steps such as protease incubation or DNA precipitation and its resuspension. Using paramagnetic silica resins, the genomic DNA was purified over a magnetic field, and the bound DNA was eluted with a low-salt buffer. The fidelity and effectiveness of this novel method was determined by using normal and apoptotic cells as a starting material and then compared to other protocols. The high speed and convenience along with its high efficiency in detecting apoptotic chromosomal DNA will prove this method to be an improved alternative in the isolation of genomic DNA from mammalian cells.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.41 no.10
• /
• pp.917-922
• /
• 2018

The CRISPR-Cas system is a well-established RNA-guided DNA editing technique widely used to modify genomic DNA sequences. I used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to change the second and third nucleotides of the triplet $T{\underline{CT}}$ of human TNSFSF9 in HepG2 cells to $T{\underline{AG}}$ to create an amber stop codon. The $T{\underline{CT}}$ triplet is the codon for Ser at the $172^{nd}$ position of TNSFSF9. The two substituted nucleotides, AG, were confirmed by DNA sequencing of the PCR product followed by PCR amplification of the genomic TNFSF9 gene. Interestingly, sequencing of the cDNA of transcripts of the edited TNFSF9 gene revealed that the $T{\underline{AG}}$ had been re-edited to the wild type triplet $T{\underline{CT}}$, and 1 or 2 bases just before the triplet had been deleted. These observations indicate that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of bases in target genomic DNA can be followed by spontaneous re-editing (correcting) of the bases during transcription.