Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2010.43.10.643

Overview of personalized medicine in the disease genomic era  

Hong, Kyung-Won (Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
Oh, Berm-Seok (Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
BMB Reports / v.43, no.10, 2010 , pp. 643-648 More about this Journal
Abstract
Sir William Osler (1849-1919) recognized that "variability is the law of life, and as no two faces are the same, so no two bodies are alike, and no two individuals react alike and behave alike under the abnormal conditions we know as disease". Accordingly, the traditional methods of medicine are not always best for all patients. Over the last decade, the study of genomes and their derivatives (RNA, protein and metabolite) has rapidly advanced to the point that genomic research now serves as the basis for many medical decisions and public health initiatives. Genomic tools such as sequence variation, transcription and, more recently, personal genome sequencing enable the precise prediction and treatment of disease. At present, DNA-based risk assessment for common complex diseases, application of molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, genome-guided therapy, and dose selection of therapeutic drugs are the important issues in personalized medicine. In order to make personalized medicine effective, these genomic techniques must be standardized and integrated into health systems and clinical workflow. In addition, full application of personalized or genomic medicine requires dramatic changes in regulatory and reimbursement policies as well as legislative protection related to privacy. This review aims to provide a general overview of these topics in the field of personalized medicine.
Keywords
Clinical decision support; Genome; Health risk assessment; Personalized medicine;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 6  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 6
연도 인용수 순위
1 Xing, J., Watkins, W. S., Shlien, A., Walker, E., Huff, C. D., Witherspoon, D. J., Zhang, Y., Simonson, T. S., Weiss, R. B., Schiffman, J. D., Malkin, D., Woodward, S. R. and Jorde, L. B. (2010) Toward a more uniform sampling of human genetic diversity: a survey of worldwide populations by high-density genotyping. Genomics, (in press).
2 Ku, C. S., Loy, E. Y., Salim, A., Pawitan, Y. and Chia, K. S. (2010) The discovery of human genetic variations and their use as disease markers: past, present and future. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 403-415.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Manolio, T. A., Brooks, L. D. and Collins, F. S. (2008) A HapMap harvest of insights into the genetics of common disease. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 1590-1605.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Abrahams, E., Ginsburg, G. S. and Silver, M. (2005) The personalized medicine coalition: goals and strategies. Am. J. Pharmacogenomics 5, 345-355.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Heikes, K. E., Eddy, D. M., Arondekar, B. and Schlessinger, L. (2008) Diabetes risk calculator: a simple tool for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. Diabetes Care 31, 1040-1045.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Liu, J., Wyatt, J. C. and Altman, D. G. (2006) Decision tools in healthcare: focus on the problem, not the solution. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 6, 4.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Metzker, M. L. (2010) Sequencing technologies - the next generation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 11, 31-46.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Hariri, S., Yoon, P. W., Moonesinghe, R., Valdez, R. and Khoury, M. J. (2006) Evaluation of family history as a risk factor and screening tool for detecting undiagnosed diabetes in a nationally representative survey population. Genet. Med. 8, 752-759.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Feero, W. G., Bigley, M. B. and Brinner, K. M. (2008) New standards and enhanced utility for family health history information in the electronic health record: an update from the American Health Information Community's Family Health History Multi-Stakeholder Workgroup. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 15, 723-728.   DOI
10 Clifton, J. M., VanBeuge, S. S., Mladenka, C. and Wosnik, K. K. (2010) The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 2008: what clinicians should understand. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. 22, 246-249.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Vastag, B. (2006) New clinical trials policy at FDA. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1043.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Botkin, J. R., Teutsch, S. M., Kaye, C. I., Hayes, M., Haddow, J. E., Bradley, L. A., Szegda, K. and Dotson, W. D. (2010) Outcomes of interest in evidence-based evaluations of genetic tests. Genet. Med. 12, 228-235.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Hawkins, R. D., Hon, G. C. and Ren, B. (2010) Next-generation genomics: an integrative approach. Nat. Rev. Genet. 11, 476-486.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Batchelder, K. and Miller, P. (2006) A change in the market--investing in diagnostics. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 922-926.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Ginsburg, G. S. and Willard, H. F. (2009) Genomic and personalized medicine: foundations and applications. Transl. Res. 154, 277-287.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Willard, H. (2009) Organization, variation, and expression of the human genome as a foundation of genomic and personalized medicine; in Genomics and personalized medicine. Willard, H., and Ginsburg, G. S. (eds.), pp. 4-22, Elsevier, San Diego, CA.
17 Dave, S. S., Fu, K., Wright, G. W., Lam, L. T., Kluin, P., Boerma, E. J., Greiner, T. C., Weisenburger, D. D., Rosenwald, A., Ott, G., Muller-Hermelink, H. K., Gascoyne, R. D., Delabie, J., Rimsza, L. M., Braziel, R. M., Grogan, T. M., Campo, E., Jaffe, E. S., Dave, B. J., Sanger, W., Bast, M., Vose, J. M., Armitage, J. O., Connors, J. M., Smeland, E. B., Kvaloy, S., Holte, H., Fisher, R. I., Miller, T. P., Montserrat, E., Wilson, W. H., Bahl, M., Zhao, H., Yang, L., Powell, J., Simon, R., Chan, W. C. and Staudt, L. M. (2006) Molecular diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2431-2442.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Carenini, M. (2009) ReMINE: an ontology-based risk management platform. Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 148, 32-42.
19 Huang, E. and Huang, A. (2009) Breast cancer and genomic medicine; in Genomics and personalized medicine, Willard, H., and Ginsburg, G. S. (eds.), pp. 869-878, Elsevier, San Diego, CA.
20 Wiesner, G., Slavin, T. and Barnholtz-Sloan, J. (2009) Colorectal cancer; in Genomics and personalized medicine, Willard, H., and Ginsburg, G. S. (eds.), pp. 879-897, Elsevier, San Diego, CA.
21 Voora, D., McLeod, H. L., Eby, C. and Gage, B. F. (2005) The pharmacogenetics of coumarin therapy. Pharmacogenomics 6, 503-513.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Ross, J. S., Schenkein, D. P., Pietrusko, R., Rolfe, M., Linette, G. P., Stec, J., Stagliano, N. E., Ginsburg, G. S., Symmans, W. F., Pusztai, L. and Hortobagyi, G. N. (2004) Targeted therapies for cancer 2004. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 122, 598-609.   DOI
23 Service, R. F. (2006) Gene sequencing. The race for the $1,000 genome. Science 311, 1544-1546.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Hunter, D. J., Khoury, M. J. and Drazen, J. M. (2008) Letting the genome out of the bottle--will we get our wish? N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 105-107.   DOI   ScienceOn