• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1994

This paper outlines a new approach to the line generalization when preparing small scale map on the basis of existing large scale digital map. Line generalizations are conducted based on Douglas algorithm using 1/25,000 scale topographic maps of southeastern JEJU island which produced by National Geographic Institute to analyze the fitness to the original and problems of graphical representation. Compare to the same scale map which was generated by manual method, a verity of small, but sometimes significant errors ＆ modification of topological relationship have been detected. The research gives full details of three algorithms that operationalize the smallest visible object method, together with some empirical results. A comparison of the results produced by the new algorithms with those produced by manual generalization and Douglas method of data reduction is provided. Also this paper presents the preliminary results of an relationships between the size of smallest visual object and requiring data storages for each algorithms.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.36-44
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• 2015

The Activity Based Costing(ABC) means the process that makes clear how the actions and input resources have changed into service to calculate medical services costs. These days, the number of hospital which is using the ABC system is increasing to make their policy decision making efficient and run the hospitals more resonable. This study analyzes the unbalance in the level of health insurance service fee and the improvement plans based from 8 hospitals(ABC system) and 95 clinics(ABC survey). The cost recovery ratio has shown different levels according to each service type. A surgery service type recorded 76.8% and an evaluation & management service type is 84.6%, a treatment procedure type(85.8%), a function test type(91.6%) and health insurance fee even did not reach to the original cost. Meanwhile, a laboratory test type and imaging test type show high level of cost recovery ratio. they recorded 188.3% and 158.8%. Resultingly now of unbalance in the level of health insurance service fee accelerates supply of every test. so there is a need to make laboratory test type and imaging test type lower to keep balance with the surgery and medical service. These methods should be performed gradually with monitoring the unbalance fee ratio and for this, a panel medical institution have to be established for generalizations of studying result, fairness of selecting researching sample.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 1982

The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) To describe the group of selected disabled homemakers in terms of demographic and medical variables related to organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. 2) To identify those demograhpic and medical variables that were related to organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. 3) To identify relationship between organizational activities in the home and family participation in household activities. Questionnaires were given to the selected disabled homemakers living in Seoul. The sample was small(N=35) and it was not random; therefore generalizations could not be made to the population as a whole. Data were analyzed by mean, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks, and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Homemaker's organizational activities were measured by 16 items about physical and mental activities from Mumaw's Organizational Activities Index. Family participation in household activities was measured by 8 items about how often family members participated in two areas of household activities: house chores and extra-activities. The results were as follows: 1) The homemaker's higher organizational activities scores were associated with younger homemaker, higher the level of education, small households, and higher the economic status. The homemaker without children performed better organizational household activities. The homemaker with shorter the duration of disability performed better organizational activities. The homemaker who needed crutches for mobility performed better organizational household activities. 2) The homemaker who was younger, higher the level of education, with smaller households, and lower the economic level was helped by husband. Husband helped better the homemaker with shorter the duration of disability in household activities. 3) Factors affecting children's participation in disabled homemaker's house chores and extra-activities were the age of homemaker and the marital status. The homemaker was single and older, the children were more helpful. 4) Task standardization score was the highest among the factors of homemaker's organizational activities and families with a disabled homemaker participated more extensively than families with abled homemaker. 5) Significant intercorrelation was found between the dependent variables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the reporting practices and news production of the reporters working with Korean media over the past one year. To this end, this study has conducted in-depth interviews with reporters working with daily newspapers, news agencies, and broadcasting companies. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the following generalizations. The reporters are working at home, which was never experienced before the Covid-19 pandemic, and they have difficulties in covering their reporting beats because they have little or no access to contact points. The reporters rely heavily on indirect coverage and online briefings via phones or SNS because they have difficulties in meeting news sources in person. As a result, the diversity of news contents and the media's on-site monitoring functions has been severely weakened. In addition, the reporters have no chances to both exchange ideas with fellow reporters and to transfer the know-how of collecting news items to their juniors. This paper has also discussed the disruption of practices that the ongoing Covid-19 has brought to the media ecosystem from a variety of perspectives.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

In this note we prove the following result: Let A be a complex Banach *-algebra with continuous involution and let B be an $A^{*}$-algebra./T(A) = B. Then T is continuous (Theorem 2). From above theorem some others results of special interest and some well-known results follow. (Corollaries 3,4,5,6 and 7). We close this note with some generalizations and some remarks (Theorems 8.9.10 and question). Throughout this note we consider only complex algebras. Let A and B be complex algebras. A linear mapping T from A into B is called jordan homomorphism if T( $x^{1}$) = (Tx)$^{2}$ for all x in A. A linear mapping T : A .rarw. B is called spectrally-contractive mapping if .rho.(Tx).leq..rho.(x) for all x in A, where .rho.(x) denotes spectral radius of element x. Any homomorphism algebra is a spectrally-contractive mapping. If A and B are *-algebras, then a homomorphism T : A.rarw.B is called *-homomorphism if (Th)$^{*}$=Th for all self-adjoint element h in A. Recall that a Banach *-algebras is a complex Banach algebra with an involution *. An $A^{*}$-algebra A is a Banach *-algebra having anauxiliary norm vertical bar . vertical bar which satisfies $B^{*}$-condition vertical bar $x^{*}$x vertical bar = vertical bar x vertical ba $r^{2}$(x in A). A Banach *-algebra whose norm is an algebra $B^{*}$-norm is called $B^{*}$-algebra. The *-semi-simple Banach *-algebras and the semi-simple hermitian Banach *-algebras are $A^{*}$-algebras. Also, $A^{*}$-algebras include $B^{*}$-algebras ( $C^{*}$-algebras). Recall that a semi-prime algebra is an algebra without nilpotents two-sided ideals non-zero. The class of semi-prime algebras includes the class of semi-prime algebras and the class of prime algebras. For all concepts and basic facts about Banach algebras we refer to [2] and [8].].er to [2] and [8].].

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.870-879
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate laboratory abilities to carry-out experimentations in the field of 'Matter' in middle school science texts. A total of 359 chemistry experiments from 26 textbooks has been analyzed. The authors of this study are interested in what science process skills are required for students to perform the experiments and how often these skills are needed. This article introduced a framework for analyzing the science process skills and their frequency. There are similar patterns of science process skill use among the different grades of middle school texts. The process skills of organizing results, interpreting data and making generalizations are most needed by the order of frequency. However, abilities related to alternative activities and/or conditions show relatively low frequency. For seniors, various laboratory abilities to carry out experiments are needed, whereas abilities for operating and setting up an experimental apparatus are required in freshmen and juniors. These results suggest avenues for science teachers that make lesson plans involving science experiments.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate science integrated process skill of the students in science education center for the gifted. In order to do this, 'free-response test for the assessment of science process skills' developed by Yu-Hyang Kim(2013) was administered to 102 students(15 in elementary school science class, 58 in middle school science class I, and 29 in middle school science class II) who attend the program of science education center for the gifted in C university. The assessment tool measured 9 skills ; formulating inquiry questions, recognizing variables, formulating hypotheses, designing experiment, transforming data, interpreting data, drawing conclusions, formulating generalizations, and evaluating the designed experiments. As a result, the students in science education center for the gifted had relatively high scores in the area of 'formulating hypotheses' and 'recognizing variables', but they had relatively low scores in the area of 'transforming data', 'interpreting data', and 'evaluating the designed experiments'. The 2 items' percentage of correct answers were below 40% ; one is about a drawing a line graph in 'transforming data', and the other requires finding improvements of the experimental design in 'evaluation'. There was no significant difference between boys' scores and girls's one, and between the scores of students in the field of biology and those of students in the other fields(physics, chemistry, and earth science) in science integrated process skills. And there was significant difference according to the periods receiving the gifted education in 'formulating generalizations'. The teaching and learning has to focus on improving science integrated process skills in the program of science education center for the gifted and teaching and learning materials needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2003

This study was performed the analysis of seven kinds of the hight school chemistry II textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activity part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the total number of themes in seven kinds of textbook was 212. And the number of inquiry activities in seven kinds of textbook was diverse: A textbook had 28, B textbook 25, C textbook 31, D textbook 35, E textbook 31, F textbook 29 and G textbook 33. As for the avaerage number of inquiry activities of each chapter, chapter I "Material Science" is 3.00(9.91${\%}$), chapter II "Atomic Structure and Periodic Table" 4.57(15.1${\%}$), chapter III "Chemical Bonding and Compound" 6.86(22.6${\%}$), chapter IV "State of Matter and Solution" 7.00(23.1${\%}$), chapter V "Chemical Reaction" 8.86(29.2${\%}$). For the analysis of inquiry process dimension, it follows in the order of 'observation and measuring (66.7${\%}$)', 'Interpreting data and formulating generalizations (26.5${\%}$)', 'seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it (4.1%)', and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model (2.7${\%}$)'. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the scientific context occupied 90.5${\%}$, the individual context 4.3${\%}$, the social context 0.9${\%}$, and the technical context 4.3${\%}$. It shows that the proportion of STS(Science-Technology-Society) related contents in inquiry activities was only 9.5${\%}$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 2001

This study was covered with the analysis of five kinds of the middle school science text books(chemistry part) based on the oth curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activities part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension and the results are as follows;1. In the analysis of the contents in the middle school science textbooks(chemistry part), the average number of total pages was 197.6. The illustration and picture were contained 0.66 in number per a page, and the average number of further readings was 5.8.2. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the total number of themes in five kinds of textbooks was 222. And the number of imquiry activities in five kinds of textbooks was siverse : A textbook had 51, B texbook 49, C textbook 37 and E textbook 35.3. For the analysis of inquiry process dimension. it follows in the order of 'interpreing data and formulating generalizations (42.4%)','observation and measuring (38.1%)','seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it (7.8%)' and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model(11.7%)'.4. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the scientific context occupied 94.2%, the individual context 0.4%, the social context 2.7% and the technical context 2.7%. It shows that the proportion of STS(Science-Technology-Society) related contents in inquiry activities was only 5.8%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.657-666
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• 2009

In GIS area, many line simplification algorithms are studied among generalization methods used for making the building data in the form of digital map from the original line data. On the other hand, there are few studies on the simplification algorithm considering the drawing rules of the digital map in Korea. In this paper, the line simplification algorithm based on the drawing rules is proposed as the methodology to create or update the building data of digital map by extracting the building outline from the CAD data used in construction. To confirm the usefulness of the algorithm, this algorithm and four other effective and general line simplification algorithms (e.g., Douglas-Peucker algorithm) are applied to the same building outlines. Then, the five algorithms are compared on five criteria, the satisfaction degree of the drawing rules, shape similarity, the change rate of the number of points, total length of lines, and the area of polygon. As a result, the proposed algorithm shows the 100% of satisfaction degree to the drawing rules. Also, there is little loss in four other mentioned criteria. Thus, the proposed algorithm in this paper is judged to be effective in updating the building data in digital map with construction drawings.