• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the general characteristics of subjects, the utilizing realities and the degree of satisfaction in the shopping mall and purchasing intention between group I that specializes in fashion design and group II that doesn't specialize in it. The results are summarized as the following six aspects. First, as a result of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, the most different variables were the visiting frequency and the goods purchasing frequency. The result indicated that group II took more interests than group I. Second, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the factors of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities in the shopping mall, both group I and group II showed high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 (variety of event) whereas both groups showed relatively low degree of satisfaction in factor 3 (variety of goods). Third, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to a monthly allowance of pocket money and goods purchasing frequency and group II showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to grade, the utilizing reason, goods purchasing frequency. Fourth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods in group that the terms of payment was on-line payment than group that they was credit card. On the other hand, group II showed a significant difference in grade, which showed that group that was above third grade had the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than group that was under third grade. Fifth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the degree of satisfaction, group I showed significant differences in factor 1 and factor 3 among the degree of satisfaction. In other words, group that had high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups and group that had medium degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. In group II, on the other hands, group that had high total degree of satisfaction showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. Sixth, as a result of relative influencing power of independent variable with respect to purchasing intention of fashion goods in group I, the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 and the lower degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed. As a result of relative influencing power of independent variable in group II, however, the higher grade and the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-169
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• 2009

This paper deals with disputes incurred from the CISG provisions in relation with the conformity of goods with a view to finding the general way of approach made by the court and arbitration tribunal in the case laws for the interpretation of CISG based on 6(six) cases thereon. Throughout this study, it has been noted that the German Supreme Court devoted most in creating the general principle of CISG interpretation in relation with national compulsory law of regulation applicable on the conformity of goods. It was New Zealand mussels case in which the German supreme court decided that the exporting country's compulsory law of regulation would be applied in determining the conformity of goods. Furthermore, German supreme court added that CISG does not place an obligation on the exporter to supply goods, which conform to all statutory or other public provisions in force in the import state unless the same provisions exist in the export State as well, or the importer informed the exporter about such provisions existing in the import state, or the exporter had knowledge of the provisions due to special circumstances. It is stipulated in CISG that the goods conform with contract if they are fit for the purpose for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used. When questions arise concerning matters governed by the CISG that are not expressly defined in the CISG, the question is to be settled in conformity with general principles on which the convention is based. Only when such a general principle cannot be found may the tribunal turn to other sources such as UNIDROIT Principles, Principles of European Contract Law and Lex Mercatoria, etc. Interpretation of CISG should be autonomous, in the sense that it should not depend on principles and concepts derived from any national legal system. Even where a CISG rule is directly inspired by domestic law, the court should not fall back on its domestic law, but interpret the rule by reference to the CISG with a view to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.601-608
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• 2004

Recently, port development has been actively in progress through a private investment project. Incheon North Port functions as an auxiliary port for Incheon Port to solve its chronic demurral and freight congestion and to treat materials such as wood, iron material, feed materials. Service charges is one of important factors in the port choice to treat general goods. In general, service charges can be calculated by two methods such as cost accounting method and market price method. This study will review the characteristics of the Incheon North Port (berth 3), which is under the progress of the private investment project and estimate the reasonable service charges for general goods on the basis of market price. This will help a concessionaire to maximize the operation efficiency.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-114
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• 2023

This paper empirically examines how controlling strategic goods affects productivity by focusing on Korean industries from 2015 to 2019. We hypothesize that strategic goods control positively affects productivity because it promotes international trade by making up for market failures, building up national credibility, and stabilizing market environment; in turn, international trade contributes to productivity growth. The regression results are congruent with our hypothesis. The effects of strategic goods control on productivity were positive and statistically significant in general. These positive effects were more prominent in the group of industries that include strategic goods and, thus, are technologically intensive. The results also support that international trade is a key medium for the effects of strategic goods control on productivity. Consequently, our empirical results support government policy on strategic goods control, ensuring that strategic goods control can contribute to economic growth by reducing diplomatic friction and stabilizing the global market.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.159-186
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• 2016

This study analyzes the degree of dependency and comparative advantage of each country for intermediate goods trade in East Asia, which predicts the comparative advantage of the intermediate goods trade and fragmentation in East Asia when the FTA arrangement in East Asia is implemented. The results are as follows. First, the share of intra-regional trade in the intermediate goods in East Asia has increased over time, implying the deepening of interdependency in intermediate goods trade within the East Asia. Second, Korea is a net exporter in intermediate goods trade for China and ASEAN, whereas it is a net importer for Japan. Japan is a high net exporter for all East Asia, while China is a net importer for Korea, Japan and ASEAN. If FTA arrangement in East Asia is implemented, Japan and Korea will be key suppliers of the intermediate goods for East Asia, while China and ASEAN will play a role of the manufacturing factory through the import of intermediate goods. Third, Korea has a comparative advantage in intermediate trade of electric and electronics and transport vehicle industry in East Asia. Japan has a comparative advantage in all of electric and electronics, transport vehicle, precision instrument, general machinery industry, whereas China has a comparative advantage only in electric and electronics intermediate trade in East Asia. The intra-industry trade of the intermediate goods in precision instrument, general machinery industry is expected to grow among Korea, Japan and China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.29
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• pp.143-172
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• 2006

This study focuses on the risk management of "Digital Goods" appeared with the progress of information technology(IT) in international transaction. As a result of that digital goods have a lot of uncertainty between the general goods or service which have been deal with object of international transaction broadly because digital goods hold uniqueness. In this study, the author give a definition of "Digital Goods" and make an examination of uniqueness of that in international transaction. Next, six risks are defined base on risk theory and risk analysis matrix applying risk mapping model is made. Conclusionally, risk transfer as insurance is adequate to manage business risk, security risk, credit risk and legal risk. Meanwhile, risk avoidance is adequate to manage reputation risk and market risk. But, this study have following three limits. Firstly, concerning definition of the risk, real case is not applied owing to lack of transaction data. Secondly, measuring of the risk is not based on absolute data but relative data. Lastly, suggesting way of risk management is not concrete and practical to international trader of digital goods.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.149-166
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• 2021

This paper aims to reduce the frequency of dangerous goods storage accidents in China. Advocating the managers of warehousing and logistics enterprises to pay attention to the operation process of dangerous goods warehousing business. Improving the safe storage and management capabilities of dangerous goods warehouses. This article first collects official data on dangerous goods storage accidents in China and conducts a general statistical analysis of the accidents. Based on the results of accident statistics and related literature research on dangerous goods storage management, establish a dangerous goods storage safety management factor system, use the analytic hierarchy process, establish a factor importance questionnaire and implement data collection. Through statistics, this paper finds that the storage accidents of dangerous goods in China in the past ten years mainly occurred in the inbound phase of dangerous goods and the storage phase of dangerous goods warehouses. Through the results of the analytic hierarchy process, it is found that the professionalism of the dangerous goods storage practitioners, the compliance of the practitioners with safety regulations, and the awareness of operational safety are the most important.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2005

This study focuses on the imported silver goods from Japan and investigates the backgrounds of importing, trade items, and the amount of the exchange. This study also investigates the effects of the importing silver on Chosun society. A large amount of silver was imported from Japan and the amount of imported silver reached its maximum in Chosun Dynasty. Japan, on the other hand, imported a large quantity of cotton cloth from Chosun Dynasty. Silver was imported mainly because of the sumptuous moods among the royal family and the aristocracy. The moods were spread out to general people who made them wish for the luxurious and expensive chinese goods. To buy the luxurious goods, a lot of silver was imported from Japan. Importing a large quantity of silver fostered the sumptuous moods and also caused the price increase in the Chosun society. The order of the society became worse because of the individual trades of rich merchants who were closely connected to high officials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.909-916
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• 2011

This study explored the differences in consumer characteristics-consumer self-confidence, attitude toward, trust and purchase intention for secondhand fashion goods, self-confidence in fashion coordination, price sensitivity for fashion product, and environment conservation consciousness-according to purchasing experience of secondhand fashion goods. A set of questionnaire was administered to 400 university students in Daegu from 18 to 28 April 2011. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency, t-tests. Secondhand fashion goods shoppers were 135(37%) and non-shoppers were 230(63%). The difference analysis results between the two groups were as follows. First, in consumer self-confidence, shoppers showed higher than non-shoppers except persuasion knowledge, and there was no difference in marketplace interfaces between the two groups. Second, there were significant differences in attitude toward secondhand fashion goods, trust and purchase intention for secondhand fashion goods between the two groups. Third, shoppers had higher self-confidence in fashion coordination than non-shoppers, but there was no difference in environment conservation consciousness and price sensitivity for fashion product between the two groups. For future study, it is suggested to find out more general characteristics of secondhand fashion goods shoppers covering other age brackets.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.125-150
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• 2014

The number of dangerous goods are increasing in maritime transport. As a result, a number of nations and international organizations are establishing or amending the rules of dangerous goods. There is necessarily the transport of dangerous goods like fuel and the importance of the definition and scope of the goods is increased. In addition, the responsibility between the parties is different with the notification of the goods and its awareness of transporters. In particular, responsible clauses of the transport rule show antithetical concepts between the scope of immunity and the responsibility of a shipper concerned with wether transporters aware. This research performs two works. First, this research analyzes the definitions and scope of dangerous goods through prior research. Second, this research suggests the necessary of united interpretation of the articles through a comparative analysis on judical decisions concerned with awareness of transporters to dangerous goods. Dangerous goods have a distinctive feature and that is why responsibility and immunity between parties should be differently interpreted with general rules. Parties have duty concerned with faults on general goods and the scope of duty between parties can be specifically made. However, if there is no specific articles concerned with responsibility between parties to dangerous goods, they could confuse the responsibility on duties concerned with risk. Therefore, this research suggests solutions and necessary of the united criteria for the articles to dangerous goods through analyzing precedent cases.