• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.210-225
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• 1997

From their general natures of peraluminous, S-type and ilmenite-series granites, two-mica granites in the Cheongsan, Inje-Hongcheon, Yeongju and Namwon areas were originated from crust-derived granitic magma and solidified under reducing condition. Each two-mica granite in Inje-Hongcheon and Namwon districts was differentiated from the the residual magma of porphyric biotite granite and high Ti/Mg biotite granite, respectively. The genetic relationships between two-mica granite and porphyritic biotite granite in Chenongsan district and between two-mica granite and biotite granodiorite in Yeongju district are ambiguous. In Namwon district granitic magmas were water-saturated and possible water solubilities in magmas were more than 5.8wt.%. In Yeongju district two-mica granitic magma was nearly water-saturated and showed possible water solubilities between 2.4~5.8wt.%. Two-mica granitic magmas in Cheongsan and Inje-Hongcheon districts were water-undersaturated. Pressure-dependent minimum melt compositions (0.5~2kb) and petrographic textures of two-mica granites in Inje-Hongcheon and Yeongju districts represent that the granites intruded and solidified at shallow level, whereas those in Cheongsan and Namwon districts exhibit relatively deeper level of granitic intrusion (2-3kb). The intersection of granite-solidus/muscovite stability indicates that magmatic primary muscovite can be crystallized from the water-saturated magma above 1.6kb (ca. 6km), but below the pressure muscovite can be formed by the subsolidus reaction. On the other hand, more pressure would be necessary for the crystallization of primary muscovite from the water-undersaturated magma. This pressure condition can explain the occurrence of primary and secondary muscovites from the two-mica granites in the areas considered. The experimental muscovite stability must be cautious of the application to examine the origin of muscovite. The muscovite stability can move toward high temperature field with adding of Ti, Fe and Mg components to the octahedral site of pure muscovite end member.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-179
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• 2018

How do robots interact with the elderly? In this paper, we analyze the contexts of interaction between robots and the elderly and the role of mediators in initiating, facilitating, and maintaining the interaction. We do not attempt to evaluate the robot's performance or measure the impact of robots on the elderly. Instead, we focus on the circumstances and contexts within which a robot is situated as it interacts with the elderly. Our premise is that the success of human-robot interaction does not depend solely on the robot's technical capability, but also on the pre-arranged settings and local contingencies at the site of interaction. We select three television shows that feature robots for the elderly and one "dementia-prevention" robot in a regional healthcare center as our sites for observing robot-elderly interaction: "Grandma's Robot"(tvN), "Co-existence Experiment''(JTBC), "Future Diary"(MBC), and the Silbot class in Suwon. By analyzing verbal and non-verbal interactions between the elderly and the robots in these programs, we point out that in most cases the robots and the elderly do not meet one-to-one; the interaction is usually mediated by an actor who is not an old person. These mediators are not temporary or secondary components in the robot-elderly interaction; they play a key role in the relationship by arranging the first meeting, triggering initial interactions, and carefully observing unfolding interactions. At critical moments, the mediators prevent the interaction from falling apart by intervening verbally or physically. Based on our observation of the robot-elderly interaction, we argue that we can better understand and evaluate the human-robot interaction in general by paying attention to the existence and role of the mediators. We suggest that researchers in human-robot interaction should expand their analytical focus from one-to-one interactions between humans and robots to human-robot-human interactions in diverse real-world situations.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-42
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• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.197-209
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• 2018

Recently, many start-up failures occur as the number of attempts to start a business increases in a social atmosphere that encourages start-up. In particular, young entrepreneurs have a lower survival rate than general entrepreneurs because young entrepreneurs are challenging just with a simple idea to overcome the difficulties of employment while lacking prior knowledge and experience of business. Therefore, the reason for the failure of start-up is lack of preparation for start-up and lack of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool to build a basic framework for entrepreneurship development and start - up preparation activities for young people. To develop an entrepreneurship measurement tool, researchers developed a preliminary question through qualitative research methods such as literature research, focus group interview, and expert verification. After that, researchers surveyed 102 entrepreneurs using quantitative research method and to verify the construct validity of the measurement tool, the final entrepreneurship measurement tool was completed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The entrepreneurship measurement tool developed through this research process consists of 7 components and 15 measurement items. First, in the step of 'confirming entrepreneurial intention', two items of 'self-analytic competence', three items of 'ability of establishing start-up philosophy'are contained. Second, in the step of 'drawing up a start-up model', two items are contained in each category such as, 'ability of eliciting entrepreneurial idea,' 'ability of analyzing idea validity,' 'competence of planning a venture start-up model'. Third, in the step of 'planning the venture start-up,' two items are contained in each category such as, 'business-plan presentation competency,' 'ability of implementing organizational system.'. The measurement tool of entrepreneurship is meaningful as it could help young entrepreneur find out their lacking competence in preparing their start-ups and strengthen necessary competences by measuring their own entrepreneurship. Rather in the entrepreneurship education, basic data that can diagnose the entrepreneurship of young entrepreneurs is provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.790-795
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• 2012

In this study, the general components and minerals of fermented Curcuma longa L. (FC) by Aspergillus oryzae were examined as well as the hepatoprotective effects of FC on acute hepatotoxicity induced by a single dose of galactosamine (GalN, 650 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). The FC was found to consist of 0.15% moisture, 4.68% crude fat, 4.35% crude protein, 6.92% crude fiber, and 6.83% crude ash. The P, Ca, and Mg levels in FC were also quantitatively analyzed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups; nontreated control, GalN, 150 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin plus GalN, 30 mg/kg b.w. of FC plus GalN, 100 mg/kg b.w. of FC plus GalN, and 300 mg/kg b.w. of FC plus GalN. Pretreatment 300 mg/kg b.w. of FC during 14 days significantly decreased the increased in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, and triglyceride (TG) induced by GalN. Severe liver damage, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and councilman body necrosis on histopathological liver tissues were observed in GalN treated rats. Administration of 300 mg/kg b.w. of FC significantly decreased the degree of live damage. These results suggest that FC displays hepatoprotective activity and FC was able to lower the TG levels in serum; thus, FC may serve as a useful material for health food and clinical conditions associated with liver disease.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.471-479
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• 2011

The velocity horizontal response spectra using the observed ground motions from the recent 5 macro earthquakes, equal to or larger than 4.8 in magnitude, around Korean Peninsula were analysed and then were compared to the acceleration horizontal response spectra, seismic design response spectra (Reg Guide 1.60), applied to the domestic nuclear power plants, and finally the Korean Standard Design Response Spectrum for general structures and buildings. 102 velocity horizontal ground motions, including NS and EW components, were used for velocity horizontal response spectra and then normalized with respect to the peak velocity value of each ground motion. First, the results showed that velocity horizontal response spectra have larger values at the range of medium natural period, but acceleration horizontal response spectra have larger values at the range of short natural periods. Secondly, the results also showed that velocity horizontal response spectra exceed Reg. Guide 1.60 for longer natural periods bands less than 6-7 Hz. Finally, the results were also compared to the Korean Standard Response Spectrum for the 3 different soil types(SC, SD, and SE soil type) and showed that velocity horizontal response spectra revealed much higher values for the frequency bands below 1.5(SC), 2.0(SD), and 3.0(SE) seconds, respectively, than the Korean Standard Response Spectrum. The results suggest that the fact that acceleration, velocity, and displacement horizontal response spectra have larger values at the range of short, medium, and long natural periods, respectively, can be applied consistently to those form domestic ground motion, especially, the velocity ground motion. Information on response spectrum at such medium range periods can be very important since the domestic design of buildings and structures emphasizes recently medium and long natural periods than short one due to increased super high-rise buildings.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2010

Alcoholic fermentations with rice koji [Aspergillus awamori Nakazawa KCCM 60246 (black), Aspergillus kawachii KCCM 32819 (white), Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 11372 (yellow)] and improved nuruk were carried out for the preparation of sweet potato soju using two different potato cultivars (Jinhongmi and Hobak). The Jinhongmi mashes showed $9.2-11.4^{\circ}Brix$, 195.6-260.5 mg glucose/100 mL, pH 4.6-4.9, 0.53-0.83% acidity and 13.2-16.2% alcohol content. The Hobak mashes showed $7.0-8.4^{\circ}Brix$, 31.9-47.4 mg glucose/100 mL, pH 4.4-4.7, 0.22-0.24% acidity, and 9.6-11.2% alcohol content. The alcohol yield of the Jinhongmi mashes using black, white, yellow koji and improved nuruk were 229.2, 194.5, 238.6 and 229.3 L/ton, respectively. The alcohol yields of Hobak mashes using black, white, yellow koji and improved nuruk were 132.8, 144.4, 141.6 and 167.4 L/ton, respectively. All types of sweet potato soju showed stronger flavor and taste than Kurokirishima (Japanese sweet potato soju). Especially, soju made from Jinhongmi with white koji and Jinhongmi with improved nuruk showed the strongest levels. Flavor components of sweet potato soju included decanoic acid ethylester, dodecanoic acid ethylester, tetradecanoic acid ethylester, hexadecanoic acid ethylester, 9-octadecanoic acid ethylester, and octadecanoic acid ethylester. Although the flavor profiles of Jinhongmi soju, Hobak soju, and Kurokirishima were very similar, the flavor content of Kurokirishima soju was lower. The results of the GC volatile analysis were in good correlation with flavor and taste.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1981

Calcium and phosphorus are not only indispensable for the bone formation and body fluids equilibrium but also are major components of egg shell. It is nutritionally important, therefore, to investigate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and to search for optimum requirement of calcium and phosphorus and the availability of various sources of calcium an4 phosphorus by poultry. An attempt was made to review the nutrition of calcium and phosphorus in poultry diets. 1, Calcium and phosphorus have great interrelationship with vitamin D in their metabolisms. 2. Most of the plant-origin phosphorus are existing in phytic form and it leads to low availability when used in poultry rations, although calcium and phosphorus present in animal-origin or mineral supplements are highly available in general. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirement from existing information indicated that 1.0% calcium and 0.7% phosphorus for broiler and egg-type chicks, and 3.5% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus for laying hen. 4. It has been recommended that calcium and phosphorus level should be increased when the feed intake was decreased or when the egg Production rate was higher or when the hens are old. 5. Mono-, ci-, tri-, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, bone meal, limestone and oyster shell u the most readily available among various sources of calcium phosphorus supplements. Soft rock phosphate, deflourinated phosphate and gypsum are somewhat inferior to the previous ones in bioavailability. 6. The effect of particle size of calcium supplements on egg shell quality and egg production rate is not yet clearly defined but recent works showed that oyster shell is more available when it was coarse and limestone is more available when it was fine in panicle. size. 7. Present data indicated that mixed feeding of oyster shell and limestone is superior to the single feeding of each on laying performance. 8. Significant interaction between phosphorus and sodium was observed, that is, excessive sodium decreased egg production in layer and body weight growth in broiler in the low phosphorus diets but increased them in the high phosphorus diets.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1973

Plankton samples used for the present study were collected by the NORPAC net during the CSK cruises in the Korean waters in March and August, 1967. Regional and seasonal variations in the zooplankton biomass (wet weight, mg/㎥) were noticed in the Korean waters. In March the highest biomass, 130mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea, but the lowest biomass of less than 50mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island Contrally, in August, the average biomass of 120mg/㎥ was measured in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal waters of southern Korea, while the biomass of Japan Sea was the lowest of the regions surveyed. In comparison with the zooplankton biomass, total number of zooplankton per cubic meter of water strained also showed regional and seasonal fluctuations. In general, variations in the number of zooplankton specimens follows the same trend as in the biomass. The largest number, up to 800mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea in March and the lowest number, less than 200mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island. In August, as shown by the biomass fluctuations, the largest number of zooplankton 850mg/㎥ on the average occurred in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal region of southern Korea. But the lowest number of less than 500mg/㎥ was found in the Japan Sea. Among the various groups of zooplankton examined, the following were dominant components of the zooplankton population: Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Siphonophora, Euphausiacea, Cladocera, Appendicularia, and Amphipoda. The zooplankton conposition was significantly differed between the Japan Sea and Yellow Sea. Copepods which usually occupied over 66% in the Japan Sea and thd Korean Strait samples occupied only 42% of the catches in August, while cladocerans and chaetognaths were relatively abundant, i. e., 15 and 18% of the total organisms. The most dominant species of copepods and chaetognaths were Paracalanus parvus, Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Calanus helgolandicus, Sagitta enflata, S. bedoti, S. elegans and S. crassa.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

The monthly mean sea levels at 48 stations located at the East and Yellow Seas coasts of Korea, Russia and Japan are processed to investigate seasonal sea level variations. The strong seasonal variations are found to be at the west coast of Korea (42.1 cm in Kunsan), in the region of the Korea strait and near the southern part of Primorye (30-33 cm); the weak ones near the southwestern coast of the Sakhalin Island (10-12 cm). Practically for the whole study area except the southwest Sakhalin, the general picture of the seasonal sea level changes is alike: the mean sea level rises in summer-autumn and falls in winter-spring. The spectral analysis of the records also shows that the seasonal oscillations strongly dominate in the sea level variations, more than 80% or total energy in the southern part of the investigated region and 50-70% in the northern part relate to these oscillations. The annal peak significantly prevails in spectra of the monthly sea levels for the majority of stations, the semiannual peak is also well manifested, but the seasonal peaks of higher order (corresponding to the periods of four and three months) reveal only at some records. The maximal amplitudes of annual component by a least square method are found at the Yellow Sea coast of Korea (20-21 cm) and also near the Japanese coast of the korea Strait (19-19 cm). The semiannual component has the maximal amplitudes (3-4 cm) near the south and southwestern coasts of the Sakhalin Island. The annual range of the sea levels is much weaker here than in the other regions, the relative investment of the seasonal oscillations in total energetic budget is only 35-40%, annual ($A_1$) and semiannual ($A_2$) components have nearly the same amplitude (seasonal factor $F=A_1/A_2=0.9-1.2$). On the basis of the present examination on sea level changes together with the results of Tomizawa et. al.(1984) the whole investigated area may be divided into 10 subregions, 2 of them are related to the Yellow Sea and Western part of the Korea Strait (Y1, Y2), the other ones (E1-E8) to the East Sea.