• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.277-291
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• 2009

The flora in the region of Songnisan National Park ($N36^{\circ}28^{\prime}05^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}36^{\circ}46^{\prime}38^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, $E\;127^{\circ}47^{\prime}06^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}127^{\circ}57^{\prime}50^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) was surveyed from April 2000 to July 2006. Vascular plants in 26 collections included a total of 723 taxa: 115 families, 392 genera, 629 species, 4 subspecies, 72 varieties and 18 forms. Ninety-three of these taxa were first records for the region. In the flora of Songnisan National Park, 27 taxa were Korean endemic plants, 19 taxa were rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Forty-five of the taxa were with the levels III, IV, V in the floristic regional indicator plants which was designated by Korean Ministry of Environment, and 29 taxa were alien plants now naturalized in Korea. Owing to their unusual phytogeography and low number of populations, the taxa Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel., Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Baker & S.Moore, Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Phacellanthus tubiflorus Siebold & Zucc., Lilium cernuum Kom., Gastrodia elata Blume and Cephalanthera erecta var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kud ) Ohwi were considered the most important. Based on these results, it is clear that appropriate plans to conserve the natural habitat of Songnisan National Park must be made immediately.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.764-774
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• 2003

The edible plants sold at the market in Busan were classified into 8 divisions, 11 classes, 46 orders, 67 families, 156 genera, 183 species and 45 varieties, and a total of 228 kinds of plants were included in them. Among the 228 kinds of edible plants, Angiospermae were the highest number of 202 kinds (88.60%), and next came Fungi of 9 kinds (3.95%), Phaeophyta of 5 kinds (2.19%), Rhodophyta of 4 kinds (1.75%), Pteridophyta of 3 kinds (1.32%) Gymnospermae of 2 kinds (0.88%), Chlorophyta of 2 kinds (0.88%), and Lichenes of 1 kind (0.44%) in order In the taxon of family, Cruciferae, Rosaceae, Leguminoceae, Cucurbitaceae, Umbelliferae, Compositae, Liliaceae, and Gramineae include many species. In the taxon of genus, Brassica(14 species), Prunus(9), Lactuca(9), Allium(7), Citrus(5), Cucumis(4), Cichorium(4) in order contain many species. Among tile edible plants, Chamjuknamu(Cedrela sinensis) is wrongly named Gajuknamu(Ailanthns altissima). And there are others which are called in a wrong way: Endive is wrongly called Chicory, Saeneutaribeoseot, Saesongi and Padeudeknamul(Japanese hornwort), Chamnamul. Gyul and Milgam, Geumgam and Gamgyul, Banana and Pacho, Paprika and Pimang(Pimento) are the names of the same plants. The number of the kinds of edible plants is different in each season. Fall has the most edible plants, and it is followed by spring, summer and winter. The edible parts of plants which are sold at the market are leaves, young sprouts, fruits, grains, roots, stems and petioles.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2012

Five coastal plant species, Artemisia fukudo, Aster sphathulifolius, Plantago camtschatica, Sedum oryzifolium, and Setaria viridis, were collected from the coastal region of Ulleung Island (Ulleung-Do, South Korea). Thirty-six endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of these plants, and all were identified by using PCR with the following specifications: internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all fungal strains belong to the phylum Ascomycota and comprise four orders (Capnodiales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, and Pleosporales). Among all the identified species, the Eurotiales species were more abundant than species in the other orders. Nine different genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Neosartorya, Penicillium, Phoma, and Pyrenochaeta) in the four orders were confirmed. Penicillium and Aspergillus species were the most dominant species among the endophytic fungi isolated from the coastal plants. Shannon's diversity index (H') ranged from 0.684 to 1.609, and the endophytic fungi in S. oryzifolium was more diverse compared to the endophytic fungi in the other plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1040-1046
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• 2017

We describe the isolation and characterization of six different intestinal microorganisms from the digestive tract of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, we obtained six isolates belonging to four different genera: Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Citrobacter, and Proteus. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Ampicillin is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzymeetranspeptidase, which is needed to make bacterial cell walls. None of the isolates were resistant to kanamycin, which binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and then inhibits total protein synthesis. Gram staining was conducted, in addition to morphological classification under a microscope. Four grampositive isolates and two gram-negative isolates were detected. The gram-positive isolates were GL1 (round shaped, 2 am in diameter), GL2 (rod shaped, $2.5{\mu}m$ in length), GL3 (rod shaped, $2{\mu}m$ in length), and GL4 (round shaped, $1.5{\mu}m$ in diameter). The gram-negative isolates were GL5 (rod shaped, $2{\mu}m$ in length) and GL6 (rod-shaped, $2.5{\mu}m$ in length). Notably, two of the isolates, GL2 and GL4, secreted specific extracellular proteins. These were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS spectral analysis to be a 87 kDa collagenase, 56 kDa hypothetical protein, and 200 kDa hypothetical protein. The six isolates in this study could be used for various biotechnological applications and pest management, both in the field and in greenhouse systems. In addition, it would be interesting to determine the relationship between these isolates and their host.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2016

In this study, we isolated aromatic compounds (lignin polymers) utilizing bacteria in humus layer of oak forest and investigated phylogenetic characteristics and correlation with major bacterial populations in the humus layer by pyrosequencing. Forty-two isolates using aromatic compounds such as p-anisic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were isolated and phylogentic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates belonged to the genus Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Burkhorlderia, and Pseudomonas. Among these, Burkhorlderia species which belong to Betaproteobacteria class occupied 83% among the isolates. The bacterial populations in humus layer of oak forest were characterized by next generation pyrosequencing based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The humus sample produced 7,862 reads, 1,821 OTUs and 6.76 variability index with 97% of significance level, respectively. Bacterial populations consist of 22 phyla and Betaproteobacteria were the major phylum consisting of 15 genera including Burkholderia, Polaromonas, Ralstoria, Zoogloea, and Variovorax. Approximately fifty percentage of them was Burkholderia. Burkholderia as the majority of population in the humus was considered to play a role in degrading lignin in humus layer of oak forest.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.442-453
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• 2002

A total of 64 species belonging to 23 genera of diatom fossils are identified from the Core GC 98-06 in the southern Drake Passage, Antarctica. The diatom assemblages are dominated by Actinocyclus actinochilus, Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, Eucampia antarctica, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Thalassiosira lentiginosa, T. ritscheri and T. anguste-lineata, which are about 73% of the assemblage. Open water species are more abundant than sea ice species in the diatom assemblages of the core. Fragilariopsis. kerguelensis and Thalassiosira lentiginosa are valuable indicators of the habitats. Especially, F. kerguelensis represent the influence of waters from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Sea ice taxa represents the influence of cold waters from Bransfield Strait Water and melt water from the sea-ice at during warm periods. The reworked diatoms such as Denticulopsis dimopha (Miocene) and D. hustedtii (Pliocene) are occurred with Quaternary species (Actinocyclus actinochilus, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Thalassiosira lentiginosa, and T. glacilis). The presence of reworked diatoms indicates the transportation of the older diatoms into the Drake passage from the circumference sediments, due to strong bottom current activity of Antarctic circumpolar deep water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes understory vegetation composition (shrub and herb layers) in Mt. Gyebang as a northern-temperate deciduous broadleaf forest. Tracheophytes were 146 taxa, consisting 56 families, 93 genera, 124 species, 17 varieties, 3 forma, 2 sub-species and 1 unknown taxa in research subject area. As species area curve analysis, herbaceous layer and shrub species have been decreased over time. As a result of Mantel-test, basal area of upper layer affects to understory vegetation change (p<0.0001). Mean importance value was dominated Lindera obtusiloba (21.585%), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (19.774%) in the shrub layer, identified Sasa borealis (14.082%) and Lindera obtusiloba (7.921%) in the herb layer. According to NMS analysis of shrub layer, Species characterized by strong correlation have been reduced as time goes by. And it reports different species as an increasing in basal area of the upper layer. Herb layer plots of the NMS analysis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rhododendron mucronulatum consistently were affected in shrub layer. In consequence of MRPP-test for changes in vegetation composition, It was analyzed that there are no significant differences for vegetation composition changes on shrub layer in 5-10 years. As a changes of vegetation composition on herb layer were analyzed significantly, composition change of herb layer species was larger than shrub layer species in understory vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

This study aims to study the flora and identify the naturalized plants of the 4 ancient palace (Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Deoksugung) and Jongmyo Shrine, which are national cultural heritage and urban cultural centers in Seoul. The plants found consisted of 315 taxa in total, belonging to 82 families, 201 genera, 285 species, 1 subspecies and 29 varieties. The naturalized plants were shown as follows: in the Deoksugung Palace(33 taxa), the Jongmyo Shrine(14 taxa) and the Gyeongbok Palace(21 taxa) and the Changdeokgung Palace complex(11 taxa). The results of the analysis based on the place of origin showed a higher rate of distribution of species based in North America, Europe and Eurasia, with higher rates of grass than tree. In addition, except for Gyeongbokgung Palace, the annual rate is higher than the perennial rate. As a result of naturalization analysis, the percentage of naturalized plants corresponding to naturalization degree 3 and naturalization degree 5 was high. According to the moment of the invasion, the naturalized plants recently introduced were higher than the first species. In addition, it was found that the similarity between the sites was more than 40%, and the diversity of species of naturalized plants common to the five sites was very low. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for cultural heritage landscaping and naturalized plant management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7761-7772
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• 2015

This study describes the spatio-temporal distributions in phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crops and dominant species from April to November 2008 in the Jeju Marine Ranching Area (JMRA). A total of 106 species of phytoplankton belonging to 63 genera was identified. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates were occupied more than 61% and 35% of total species, respectively. The annual dominant species were Skeletonema costatum-like species(ls) in April, Torodinium teredo, Cylindrotheca closterium, Scrippsiella trochoidea in June, S. costatum - ls, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Ebria tripartita in September and Corethron pennatum, Dictyocha fibura, Neoceratium teres in November. Phytoplankton cell density ranged between $0.6cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in June and $64.0cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in April. It fluctuated with an annual mean of $11.7cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ between the lowest value of $0.9cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ in November and the highest value of $37.0cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ by S. costatum -ls in April. Diversity index in September was higher than diatom blooming seasons in April. According to the phytoplankton community structure, the biological oceanographic characteristics of the JMRA was characterized by nanoplankton during a year. That is, primary production is deemed to have a higher possibility of being adjusted by a reproduction by material cycle in the ecosystems than nutrients supply from the lands.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.1 s.112
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• pp.73-93
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• 2006

Despite of ecological and landscape importances and public popularity of Pinaceae, not much scientific informations are known about Korean Pinaceae. Present work aims to understand the biogeography of Korean native Pinaceae, i.e., taxonomy, phylogeny, origin, life form, distribution, dispersal and migration. Korean native Pinaceae consists of five genera and sixteen species. Pinus is systematically closely related to Picea and Larix, but Abies is related to Tsuga. Boreal conifers which have migrated from NE Asia during the Pleistocene glacial epochs successfully survived, but now confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula mainly due to climate warming since the Holocene. Species, such as Picea pungsanensis and Abies koreana have gradually adapted to local environment, and later became an endemic species of Korea. Disjunctive distribution of Pinus parviflora and Tsuga sieboldii are also indicatives of climate change of the Pleistocene. Major dispersal agent of pine trees with winged seed is wind, but wingless pine tree seeds seem to dispersed by birds and rodents. Pine trees with bigger wings are easily dispersed by wind, and now show broader distribution. Species of Pinaceae with disjunctive distribution on the alpine and subalpine belts of both North and South Korea seems to be more vulnerable to global warming.